The Cell - Test Review PDF

# The Cell - Test Review ## Part 1: Cell Theory - **Cells were not studied until microscopes were invented.** ### Scientist: | Discovery: ------- | -------- Zacharias Janssen | made 1st microscope Robert Hooke | looked at cork; called particles cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek | found microscopic organ...

# The Cell - Test Review ## Part 1: Cell Theory - **Cells were not studied until microscopes were invented.** ### Scientist: | Discovery: ------- | -------- Zacharias Janssen | made 1st microscope Robert Hooke | looked at cork; called particles cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek | found microscopic organisms "animalcules" Matthias Schleiden | discovered cells in plants Theodore Schwann | all animals made of cells Rudolph Virchow | all cells come from other cells ### 8. What is cell theory? 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the smallest unit of life. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. ## Part 2: Prokaryotic Cells ### 9. What is a prokaryotic cell? - Bacteria - Organelles not surrounded by membranes - Does not have nucleus ### 10. In the table below please state the function of each organelle listed: Organelle: | Function: ------- | -------- Slime Capsule | Protect cell from physical or chemical attacks Cell Wall | Surrounds cell membrane; protects Cell membrane | Separates inside from outside; semi-permeable Cytoplasm | Jelly-like substance surrounding organelles Nucleoid | Irregularly shaped region; contains DNA Plasmid | Small circular DNA molecule Ribosomes | Make proteins Pili | Surface organelles (hair-like); aid in mobility Flagella | Thread-like (tail); helps swim/move ## Part 3: Eukaryotic Cells ### 12. What is a eukaryotic cell? - Contains membrane bound nucleus which contains DNA ### 13. In the table below please state the function of each organelle listed: Organelle: | Function: ------- | -------- Flagella/Flagellum | Cillia | Cell Wall | X Cell membrane | Cytoplasm | Nucleolus | Makes ribosomes Nucleus | Stores DNA; control center Ribosomes | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Channels for transport (ribosomes attached) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Channels for transport (no ribosomes) Golgi Bodies | Packages proteins into vesicles Vesicles | Carries materials into/out of around the cell Vacuoles | Store water/nutrients (larger in plant cells) Lysosomes | Breaks down (recycles organelles/waste) Chloroplasts | Contain chlorophyll; photosynthesis (only in plant cells) Mitochondria | Powerhouse; energy Centrioles | X Cytoskeleton | X ### 14. What organelles are in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Do they perform the same functions? - Ribosome - Cell wall - Cell membrane - Cytoplasm - Flagella **Yes.** ## Understanding The Concepts: ### 16. Some human cells, such as muscle cells, have more mitochondria. Why would these cells need more mitochondria? Mitochondria produce energy needed for muscle cells to make us move. ### 17. Photosynthesis creates sugar for the cell. What organelle does the sugar need to go to next and why? Mitochondria to create energy ### 18. Why is it important that the cell membrane is semi-permeable? Food comes in. Waste goes out. Cell membrane is selective about what goes in & out. ### 19. Why are vacuoles in plant cells many times larger than vacuoles in animal cells? Plants need water for photosynthesis. ### 20. Cells can have many of the same kinds of organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and vesicles. Why do you think each cell only has one nucleus? One set of DNA. One control center.