Applied Genetics.docx

10. Applied Genetics         Functions of the cell   Cell Membrane job is to retain contents of the cell. It controls what goes in and out of the cell threw its semi permeable membrane. It is made up from phospholipids and proteins.     Nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores....

10. Applied Genetics         Functions of the cell   Cell Membrane job is to retain contents of the cell. It controls what goes in and out of the cell threw its semi permeable membrane. It is made up from phospholipids and proteins.     Nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane with nuclear pores. It allows some material to pass in and out of the nucleus. the nucleus contains DNA which is arranged into structures called chromosomes. Every organism has a definite number of chromosomes. Humans have 46. Which cause our inheritance.     Mitochondria is the power house of the cell, it supplies energy to the cell. It has a double membrane. Each mitochondria contains a loop of DNA called ribosomes their jobs is to make protein.     Cell Wall occurs in plant cells only. It is made up of a cellulose which provides strength and supports the cell. It allows everything to pass in and out. It stops the cell over expanding when osmosis occurs. This movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a high-water concentration to a low water concentration.     Vacuole give the cell strength and shape. Its job is to store food, water, and ions. Vacuoles in plant cells are larger that animal cells.     Chloroplasts occurs in plant cells only. This is the site where photosynthesis takes place here. It contains a pigment called chlorophyll. Usually found in the leaves of plants.      Prokaryotic Cell does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They have DNA but no nucleus Example Bacteria       Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Example animals, plants, fungi. 
 
         Aerobic Respiration is the controlled release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen.  Movement of Substances. Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.    Osmosis and Plant Cell walls are fully permeable to water and gas, turgor pressure is the pressure of the cytoplasm and vacuole against 
 the cell wall of a plant.  
  Active transport requires energy due to the moving from the low to high concentration. The movement of glucose is by active transport.