Application of Recombinant DNA Technology

Application of Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is defined as a DNA molecule that has been artificially created by combining genetic material from different sources, typically from different organisms, using various laboratory techniques. This technique allows scientists to manipu...

Application of Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is defined as a DNA molecule that has been artificially created by combining genetic material from different sources, typically from different organisms, using various laboratory techniques. This technique allows scientists to manipulate and modify DNA sequences to create new genes, proteins, and organisms with desirable traits or functions. The creation of recombinant DNA has enabled the development of a wide range of applications in areas such as medicine, agriculture, and industry, including the production of genetically modified crops, biopharmaceuticals, and biofuels, among others.  Application Of Recombinant DNA TechnologyDNA Recombinant Technology : * A series of procedures used to recombine DNA segments under certain conditions, a recombinant DNA molecule can enter a cell and replicate.  Applications Of Recombinant DNA 1-Technology: Gene Cloning : * The recombinant DNA molecule is transferred to a host cell. * Within the host cell it replicates producing dozens of identical copies i.e. it is cloned. * The cloned DNA can be recovered from host cells purified, analyzed and transcribed. 2 – Antibiotics : * Antibiotics are the chemical substance, produced both by microorganisms and synthetically. * They can inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms and even destroy them. * Penicilin is first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming in 1928 using recombinant technology. Antibiotics Antibiotics are biotechnological products that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria. They are naturally produced by microorganisms, such as fungi, to attain an advantage over bacterial populations. Antibiotics are produced on a large scale by cultivating and manipulating fungal cells. Many antibacterial compounds are classified on the basis of their chemical or biosynthetic origin into natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic. Another classification system is based on biological activity. In this classification, antibiotics are divided into two broad groups according to 1.their biological effect on microorganisms: bactericidal agents kill bacteria, and 3 – Production of Human Insulin : *Obtaining the human insulin gene: * Human insulin gene can be obtained by making a complementary DNA copy of the messenger RNA for human insulin.  1- 4 – Vaccines : * Vaccine are used to conifer immunity against antigens. * Recombinant DNA technology can be used to clone the gene for the 2 protective antigen protein. - * A number of vaccines against virus have been developed using this technology. * These vaccines are Hapatitis B, Foot and Mouth diseases etc. Vaccines Modern techniques use the genes of microorganisms cloned into vectors to mass produce the desired antigen. The antigen is then introduced into the body to stimulate the primary immune response and trigger immune memory. Ex. Genes cloned from the influenza virus have been used to combat the constantly-changing strains of this virus. 5 – Gene Therapy : * Genetic engineering may one day enable medical scientists to replace the defective genes responsible for hereditary diseases e.g. Haemophilia with normal genes. This new system of therapy is called Gene Therapy. 6 – Agriculture : * Genetically engineered plants are developed to resist draught and diseases. * Good quality of food and increased yield of crops is also possible.  7 – Industrial : * In industries recombinant DNA technology will help in the production of chemical compounds of commercial importance, Improvement of existing fermentation processes and production of proteins from waste. 8 – Human Growth Hormones: *Various human growth hormones have been synthesized commercially using Recombinant DNA Technology. *This hormone is used in treatment of Dwarfism. Hormones Recombinant DNA technology was used to produce large-scale quantities of human insulin (a hormone) in E. coli as early as 1978. Human growth hormone (HGH) has been used to treat growth disorders in children. The HGH gene was cloned from a cDNA library and inserted into E. coli cells by cloning it into a bacterial vector. The bacteria was then grown and the hormone isolated, enabling large scale commercial production. 9 - Animal Husbandry And Sericulture : * For enhancement of milk production in cattle. * For better meat yield in animals like pigs, cattle, birds. * For enhancement of silk production in seri culture. 10 - Production of Enzymes: * Some useful enzymes can also be produced by recombinant DNA technique. For instance, enzyme urikinase, which is used to dissolve blood clots, has been produced by genetically engineered microorganisms. 11 - Production of Transgenic Animals: * Animals which carry foreign genes are called transgenic animals. Examples: Cow, sheep, goat – therapeutic; human proteins in their milk. Fish like common carp, cat fish, salmon and gold fish contain human growth hormone (hGH). THANK YOU