Anxiety Disorder PDF

Anxiety Disorder Prepared by : *Ghaida`a Al-bustanji *Julnar Ibraheem To: Dr Yazan ALmrayat Objectives: Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and 01 identify its key characteristics. 02 List the types of anxiety disorders and describe the unique features o...

Anxiety Disorder Prepared by : *Ghaida`a Al-bustanji *Julnar Ibraheem To: Dr Yazan ALmrayat Objectives: Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and 01 identify its key characteristics. 02 List the types of anxiety disorders and describe the unique features of each type 03 Recall the common signs and symptoms of GAD. 04 Paraphrase expected outcomes in managing anxiety disorders in a clinical setting. 05 Review nursing interventions specifically designed to address GAD symptoms.  Outlines: Introduction to Generalized Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Anxiety Disorders Nursing Diagnoses and Types of Anxiety Disorders Expected Outcomes in Treating GAD Nursing Interventions Summary for GAD Reference 01 Introduction - Anxiety Disorders -  Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions affecting individuals worldwide. These disorders often involve excessive, persistent worry and fear that interfere with daily activities. It is a necessary force for survival  It is not the same as stress. A stressor is an external pressure that is brought to bear on the individual. Anxiety is the subjective emotional response to that stressor. Anxiety may be distinguished from fear in that anxiety is an emotional process, whereas fear is a cognitive one. Historical Aspects: ▪ Anxiety was once identified by its physiological symptoms, focusing largely on the cardiovascular system. ▪ was the first to associate anxiety with neurotic behaviors.  Epidemiological Statistics Statistics vary widely, but most agree that anxiety disorders are:  more common in women than in men by at least 2 to 1.  minority children and children from low socioeconomic environments may be at greater risk for all emotional illness.  familial predisposition to anxiety disorders probably exists. How Much Is Too Much? ▪ When anxiety is out of proportion to the situation that is creating it ▪ When anxiety interferes with social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning 02 Types of anxiety Generalized anxiety disorder: is characterized by persistent, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry, which have occurred more days than not for at least 6 months, and cannot be attributed to specific organic factors, such as caffeine intoxication or hyper-thyroidism. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Panic disorder: Panic disorder is associated with sudden and intense feelings of anxiety and fear. This is characterized by panic attacks which involve intense physical sensations that are recurrent and often unexpected. These panic attacks often reach a peak and typically last several minutes. Social anxiety disorder: Social anxiety disorder is characterized by intense fear and anxiety in social situations. People with social anxiety disorder often experience excessive worry about being judged or scrutinized by others and may avoid social situations altogether or endure them with extreme discomfort. Specific phobia: People who have specific phobias experience intense anxiety when exposed to a feared specific object or situation. Common specific phobias are spiders, snakes, heights, and confined spaces. Specific phobias can produce an overwhelming and irrational fear of something that may pose little to no actual danger. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) : is a condition that is triggered by a traumatic event, either by experiencing the trauma or witnessing it. After the traumatic event, an individual may have recurring flashbacks, nightmares, or uncontrollable thoughts about the event. These thoughts can bring about severe anxiety and a heightened sense of danger. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) : is characterized by obsessive, intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Obsessive thoughts cause significant distress, and individuals feel driven to perform compulsive actions in order to ease their anxiety and distress. For instance, someone with OCD may have obsessive thoughts about being contaminated and so may excessively wash their hands multiple times and for extended periods of time to decrease their stress. Separation anxiety disorder : is typically a childhood disorder associated with anxiety related to being separated from a parent or other people who play a parental role to the child. The anxiety is excessive for a child’s developmental level. It can include the child being clingy, severely crying, refusing to go to school, or developing anxiety- related physical illnesses. 03 Diagnosis  Panic anxiety R/t real or perceived threat to biological integrity or self-concept AMB any or all of the physical symptoms  Nursing intervention Outcome criteria 1- stay with the client and offer reassurance of safety and security Client will be able to 2- maintain a calm. recognize symptoms of 3- use simple words and brief messages ; spoken calmly and clearly ; to explain hospital experiences onset of anxiety and to 4- keep immediate surrounding low in stimuli (dim intervene before reaching lighting; few people; simple décor ) panic level 5- administer tranquilizing medication; as ordered by physician. Assess for effectiveness and for side effects 6- when level of anxiety has been reduced explore possible reasons for occurrence 7- teach signs and symptoms of escalating anxiety; and ways to interrupt its progression (relaxation techniques; deep - breathing exercises; or physical exercise ; brisk walks; and jogging)  Powerlessness R/t impaired cognition AMB verbal expressions of no control over life situation and nonparticipation in decision – making related to own care or life situation.  Nursing intervention Outcome criteria 1- allow client to take as much responsibility as possible for self-care practices. Client will be able to effectively Examples include : problem solve ways to take A- allow client to establish own schedule for self-care activates control of life situation; there by B- include client with in setting goals of care decreasing feeling of C- provide client with privacy as need is powerlessness and anxiety determined. D- provide positive feedback for decisions made. Respect client right to make those decisions independently; and refrain from attempting to influence him or her toward those that may seem more logical. 2- assist client to set realistic goal.  Fear R/t causing embarrassment to himself in front of others ; being in a place from which one is unable to escape ,or a specific stimulus AMB behavior directed toward avoidance of the feared object or situation.  Nursing intervention Outcome criteria 1- reassure client that he or she is safe. 2- explore client perception of the threat to Client will be able to physical integrity or threat to self concept. function in presence of 3- discuss reality of the situation with client to recognized aspects that can be changed and those phobic object or situation that cannot. without experiencing 4- include client in making decision related to panic anxiety selection of alternative coping strategies (e.g client may choose either to avoid the phobic stimulus or to attempt to eliminate the fear associated with it ). 5- if client elects to work on elimination of the fear; techniques of desensitization or implosion therapy may be employed 6- encourage client to explore underlying feelings that may be contributing to irrational fears; and to face them rather than suppress them.  Social isolation R/t fear of being in place from which one is unable to escape AMB staying alone , refusing to leave room or home.  Nursing intervention Outcome criteria 1. Convey an accepting attitude and unconditional positive regard make brief, frequent contact be honest and keep all Client will voluntarily promises. participate in group 2. Attend group activities with client if it may be frightening for him or her. activities with peers. 3.Be cautious with touch allow client extra space and an avenue for exit if anxiety becomes overwhelming 4.Administer tranquilizing medication as order by physician ,monitor for effectiveness and adverse side effects. 5. Discuss with client signs and symptom of increasing anxiety and techniques to interrupt the response (relaxation, exercise, thought stopping) Give recognition and positive reinforcement for voluntary interactions with other  Summary *Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic mental health condition involving persistent and excessive worry. *Types of Anxiety Disorders include GAD, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, Phobias, OCD, and PTSD. *Signs and Symptoms of GAD involve physical and psychological distress. *Nursing Diagnoses, Outcomes, and Interventions focus on reducing anxiety, promoting coping mechanisms, and improving quality of life.  Reference: - Townsend M.(2021).Essential of psychiatric mental health nursing : Concept of care in Evidence Based practice.(8 ed).Philadelphia:F.A.Davis Company. ANY QUESTIONS ?