Anticancer Questions 2024 PDF

1. The electrophilicity of nitrogen mustards is related to their ability to form ……… A. Aziridinium cation B. Chloride anion C. Covalent bond D. Ammonium cation 2. The following is an orally administered alkylating agent 3. The following structure modification leads t...

1. The electrophilicity of nitrogen mustards is related to their ability to form ……… A. Aziridinium cation B. Chloride anion C. Covalent bond D. Ammonium cation 2. The following is an orally administered alkylating agent 3. The following structure modification leads to A. COOH group improves stability B. Improve selectivity and decrease cytotoxicity C. One of the fast acting & least toxic N mustards D. Replacement of CH3 with phenyl group improves reactivity 4. This reaction shows A. Deactivation of alkylating agent B. Metabolism of an alkylating agent C. Chemical modification to improve stability 5. Which chemical motif is responsible for oral bioavailability? 6. Which chemical motif is responsible for targeting effect? 7. Which structure is the main alkylator of DNA? 8. This reaction results in A. Activation of cyclophosphamide and formation of toxic acrolein B. Deactivation of cyclophosphamide and formation of toxic acrolein C. Activation of cyclophosphamide and formation of toxic chloroacetaldehyde D. Deactivation of cyclophosphamide and formation of toxic chloroacetaldehyde 9. This structural modification leads to A. Loss of activity B. Improve stability C. Slower metabolism D. Enhance oral activity 10. This compound can cross BBB and is used orally for treatment of brain tumors 11. Which chemical compounds are used as prophylactic against toxicity of acrolein A. A& B B. A&C C. B &C 12. Comparing structure, A and B, which one is designed to have less affinity to CYP 13. Which structure corresponds to a chemoprotectant compound used in combination with cis-platinum complexes? 14. Which of these is not a reversible proteasome inhibitor? 15. In the body, via a sequence of reactions, capecitabine is converted into which molecule (drug)? 16. The fluorine on fludarabine phosphate confers what type of activity (or property)? A. Resistance to deaminase B. Improved inhibition of deoxycytidine kinase C. Improved inhibition of thymidylate synthase 17. Which enzyme will very effectively phosphorylate this drug - Gemcitabine? A. Cytidine deaminase B. Deoxycytidine kinase C. Ribonucleotide reductase 18. This is the activated form of fluorouracil – which enzyme does it inhibit? A. DNA polymerase B. Thymidylate Synthase C. Ribonucleotide reductase 19. What is the active form of the prodrug cyclophosphamide? 20. Which enzyme is responsible for the first activation step of gemcitabine? A. Cytidine deaminase B. Deoxycytidine kinase C. Thymidine Phosphorylase 21. This reaction is carried out by which enzyme? A. Thymidylate Synthase B. Ribonucleotide reductase C. Thiopurine S-methyl transferase 22. Pemetrexed has been used in several cancers beyond the leukemia/lymphoma types. Which enzyme does it preferentially inhibit? A. Thymidylate Synthase B. Dihydrofolate reductase C. Ribonucleotide reductase 23. Nitrogen mustards react with DNA through the formation of which reactive intermediate? 24. This drug better resembles which form of folic acid? A. Folic acid B. Dihydrofolate C. Tetrahydrofolate 25. Most modifications of the folic acid structure to make antifolates are made on which part of the molecule? 26. Which of the following drugs is less prone to activation? 27. Fluorouracil (when converted to active drug) could be very effective at inhibiting thymidylate synthase if combined with which of the following drugs? 28. Which of these drugs will cause more extensive & less repairable DNA damage? 29. Carboplatin is a platinum analog that has which of the properties below when compared to cis-platin: A. 10-fold slower B. higher toxicity C. 20 – 40-fold more potent 30. For which enzyme will this drug be more selective? A. DNA polymerase B. Thymidylate Synthase C. Dihydrofolate reductase D. Ribonucleotide reductase 31. The presence of the fluoride on fludarabine led to: A. Increased cellular penetration B. Decreased deamination to inactivate the drug C. Improved phosphorylation over the non-fluoro drug 32. Which one of the following is the reactive species generated from temozolomide? 33. For mercaptopurine patients genotype must be determined to avoid myelosuppression which could result from low or deficiency of the following enzyme? A. Xanthine oxidase B. DNA alkyl transferase C. Thiopurine-S-methyl transferase 34. Pemetrexed is a folate analog that shows ………………….. affinity to folyl polyglutamate synthesis as compared to Methotrexate A. Less B. Same C. Higher 35. Which is true of crosslinking agents? A. It only takes one cross-link to damage the DNA and prevent a cell from dividing. B. Several crosslinks must be formed for the cell to be killed, and can include inter-, intra strand as well as DNA-protein crosslinks C. They will have minimal effects on normal cells because normal cells are not dividing thus leading to a low toxicity profile 36. This is Ifosfamide along with the products of metabolism. What additional agent would you add to the therapy to prevent nephrotoxicity? 37. Which enzyme does gemcitabine specifically inhibit? A. DNA polymerase B. Deoxycytidine kinase C. Thymidylate synthase 38. Estramustine was originally developed for which type of cancer? A. Breast cancer B. Prostate cancer C. Pancreatic cancer D. Non-small-cell lung cancer 39. Which one of the following platinum analogs causes the most nephrotoxicity? 40. Compare these two drugs in terms of their clinical (therapeutic) use? A. Melphlan (A) is transported by amino acid transporters in cells, whereas chlorambucil (B) is not B. Both drugs have an aromatic group which increases reactivity and decreases water solubility C. Both drugs are administered orally due to presence of carboxylic group which increases water solubility 41. These two halogens groups make clofarabine useful by inhibiting which two enzymes? A. DNA polymerase and deoxycytidine kinase B. DNA polymerase and adenosine deaminase C. DNA polymerase and ribonucleotide reductase 42. What is the mechanism of temozolomide as a cytotoxic agent for treating glioblastomas? A. It is an antimetabolite B. It is a proteasome inhibitor C. It is a DNA methylating agent 43. Which one of the following drugs is an antimetabolite that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase? 44. What is the mechanism by which trifluridine works? A. DNA cross linking B. DNA methylation C. Inhibition of DNA synthesis D. Inhibition of DNA methylation 45. Clofarabine is an inhibitor of: A. Thymidylate synthetase and ribonucleotide reductase B. Thymidylate synthetase when used in combination with leucovorin C. Ribonucleotide reductase and is resistant to deamination by adenosine deaminase 46. Tipiracil is concomitantly administered with trifluridine to overcome the undesirable activity of which enzyme on Trifluridine A. Thymidine kinase B. Thymidine phosphorylase C. Pyrimidine Mono Phosphate kinase 47. Which one of the following drugs requires prophylaxis by allopurinol, hydration, and urine basification? 48. Which one of the following structures is a Nitrogen mustard? 49. The epimeric 2'OH on this arabinosyl sugar on this drug indicates that this drug will inhibit………… A. Cytidine deaminase B. DNA polymerase α and ribonucleotide reductase C. Thymidylate synthetase when used in combination with methotrexate 50. What does this drug target? A. The proteosome B. DNA precursor synthesis inhibition C. A cross-linking agent in pro-drug form 51. Which enzyme is involved in the following conversion? A. DNA polymerase B. DNA methyl transferase C. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 52. Which one of the following DNMT inhibitors is capable of being incorporated into both DNA and RNA? 53. Which one of the following antifolates is the most potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase? 54. Which enzyme is inhibited after the following conversion? A. DNA Polymerase B. DNA methyl transferase C. Amidophosphoribosyl transferase 55. Which enzyme is inhibited after the following conversion? A. DNA Polymerase B. Thymidylate synthase C. Amidophosphoribosyl transferase D. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 56. In folate antagonists which chemical motif is responsible for cellular uptake and selectivity? 57. Which one of the following drugs inhibits thymidylate synthase after being activated (hydrolysis and deamination) 58. Which one of the following drugs is used orally but needs phosphorylation to elicit its action? 59. Which one of the following drugs requires prophylaxis by allopurinol, hydration, and urine basification? 60. Uramustine (used for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) is a nitrogen mustard built on a pyrimidine base which gives it which properties? A. It is useful for penetrating the CNS, where non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma primarily metastasizes B. As a pyrimidine analog, it mainly affects pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway enzymes cross-linking proteins C. Forms a fairly stable aziridinium ion making it more DNA target selective than N-alkyl substituted mustards