ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 Maintenance Testing Specifications PDF

ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 ANSI/NETA STANDARD FOR MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS STANDARD FOR MAINTENANCE...

ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 ANSI/NETA STANDARD FOR MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS STANDARD FOR MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS WWW.NETAWORLD.ORG FOR ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS  ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD FOR MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems Secretariat NETA (InterNational Electrical Testing Association) Approved by American National Standards Institute – This page intentionally left blank –  Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by American ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. National Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standard Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Copyright© 2023 InterNational Electrical Testing Association InterNational Electrical Testing Association 3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 All rights reserved Portage, MI 49024 Printed in the United States of America 269.488.6382· FAX 269.488.6383 Web: www.netaworld.org No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written Email: [email protected] permission of the publisher. Melissa York - Deputy Director ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  Copyright Information and Alteration of Content 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is protected under the copyright laws of the United States, and all rights are reserved. Further, the ANSI/NETA MTS may not be copied, modified, sold, or used except in accordance with such laws and as follows: Purchasers may reproduce and use all or a portion of the 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems provided 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is clearly identified in writing as the source of all such uses or reproductions. 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems may be reproduced and used in whole or in part for the purpose of creating project specifications, basis of design documentation, maintenance plans, or other similar uses that purport to require compliance with the contents of this document. The following sections of the 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems must be incorporated by reference as part of any subsection: 3. Qualifications 4. Division of Responsibility 5. General The user of this document is required to include the above sections with any other section(s) reproduced from this document. © Copyright 2023 InterNational Electrical Testing Association 3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 Portage, MI 49024 Voice: 888.300.6382 Facsimile: 269.488.6383 Email: [email protected] Web: www.netaworld.org ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  Standards Review Council The following persons were members of the NETA Standards Review Council which approved this document. James G. Cialdea Timothy J. Cotter Lorne J. Gara Leif Hoegberg Dan Hook David G. Huffman Melissa A. York Chasen Tedder Ron Widup Maintenance Testing Specifications Ballot Pool Members The following persons were members of the Ballot Pool which balloted on this document for submission to the NETA Standards Review Council. Mark Ernest Arenzana Christopher King Bob Sheppard Ken Bassett Dave Kreger Charles Sweetser Tom Bishop Pat MacCarthy Kiley Taylor Scott Blizard Ken Morton Howard Trinkowsky Guy Carpino Jeremy Nichols Gary Walls Michel Castonguay Lee Perry John Weber Dinesh Chhajer Mose Ramieh Jr. Drew Welton Craig Goodwin Scott Reed Chris Werstiuk Paul Hartman Diego Robalino John White Kerry Heid Randall Sagan Jean-Pierre Wolff Bill Higinbotham Tom Sandri ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  NOTICE In no event shall the InterNational Electrical Testing Association be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of these materials. This document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Comments and suggestions are invited from all users for consideration by the Association in connection with such review. Any such suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association after giving the commenter, upon request, a reasonable opportunity to be heard. This document should not be confused with federal, state, or municipal specifications or regulations, insurance requirements, or national safety codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, use of this document is purely voluntary and not binding. InterNational Electrical Testing Association 3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 Portage, MI 49024 Voice: 888.300.6382 Facsimile: 269.488.6383 Email: [email protected] Web: www.netaworld.org Melissa York - Deputy Director ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/NETA MTS-2023) The InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) was formed in 1972 to establish uniform testing procedures for electrical equipment and apparatus. NETA has been an Accredited Standards Developer for the American National Standards Institute since 1996. NETA’s scope of standards activity is different from that of IEEE, NECA, NEMA, and UL. In matters of testing electrical equipment and systems NETA continues to reference other standards developers’ documents where applicable. NETA’s review and updating of presently published standards takes into account both national and international standards. NETA’s standards may be used internationally as well as in the United States. NETA firmly endorses a global standardization. IEC standards as well as American consensus standards are taken into consideration by NETA’s ballot pools and reviewing committees. The first NETA Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems was published in 1975. Since 1989, revised editions of the Maintenance Testing Specifications have been published in 1993, 1997, and 2001. In 2005, this document was approved for the first time as an American National Standard. It was published as a revised American National Standard in 2011, 2015, and in 2019. The 2023 Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is the most current revision of this document, and was approved as a revised American National Standard on March 6, 2023. The ANSI/NETA Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems was developed for use by those responsible for the continued operation of existing electrical systems and equipment to guide them in specifying and performing the necessary tests to ensure that these systems and apparatus perform satisfactorily, minimizing downtime, and maximizing life expectancy. This document aids in ensuring safe, reliable operation of existing electrical power systems and equipment. Maintenance testing and understanding the condition of maintenance can identify potential problem areas before they become safety concerns or major problems requiring expensive and time-consuming solutions. ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  PREFACE (This Preface is not part of American National Standard ANSI/NETA MTS-2023) It is recognized by the Association that the needs for maintenance testing of commercial, industrial, governmental, and other electrical power systems vary widely. Many criteria are used in determining what equipment is to be tested and to what extent. To help the user better understand and navigate more efficiently through this document, we offer the following information: Notation of Changes Material included in this edition of the document but not part of the previous edition is marked with a black vertical line to the left of the insertion of text, deletion of text, or alteration of text. Document Structure The document is divided into thirteen separate and defined sections: Section Description Section 1 General Scope Section 2 Applicable References Section 3 Qualifications of Testing Organization and Personnel Section 4 Division of Responsibility Section 5 General Section 6 Power System Studies Section 7 Inspection and Test Procedures Section 8 System Function Test Section 9 Thermographic Survey Section 10 Electromagnetic Field Survey Section 11 Online Partial-Discharge Survey for Switchgear Tables Reference Tables Appendices Informational Documents Section 7 Structure Section 7 is the main body of the document with specific information on what to do relative to the inspection and maintenance testing of electrical power equipment and systems. It is not intended that this document explain how to test specific pieces of equipment or systems. Sequence of Tests and Inspections The tests and inspections specified in this document are not necessarily presented in chronological order and may be performed in a different sequence. Expected Test Results Section 7 consists of sections specific to each particular type of equipment. Within those sections there are, typically, four main bodies of information: A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection B. Electrical Tests C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical D. Test Values – Electrical ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  PREFACE (continued) Results of Visual and Mechanical Inspections Some, but not all, visual and mechanical inspections have an associated test value or result. Those items with an expected result are referenced under Section C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical. For example, Section 7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies, item 7.1.A.8.2 calls for verifying tightness of connections using a calibrated torque wrench method. Under the Test Values – Visual and Mechanical Section 7.1.C.2, the expected results for that particular task are listed within Section C, with reference back to the original task description on item 7.1.A.8.2. ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  PREFACE (continued) Results of Electrical Tests Each electrical test has a corresponding expected result, and the test item and the expected result have identical item numbers in their section, that is, if the electrical test is item four, the expected result under the Test Values section is also item four. For example, under Section 7.15.1 Rotating Machinery, AC Induction Motors and Generators, item 7.15.1.B.2 (item 2 within the Electrical Tests section) calls for performing an insulation-resistance test in accordance with IEEE Standard 43. Under the Test Values – Electrical section, the expected results for that particular task are listed in the Test Values section under item 2. ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  PREFACE (continued) Optional Tests The purpose of these specifications is to assure that all tested electrical equipment and systems supplied by either contractor or owner are operational and within applicable standards and manufacturer’s published tolerances and that equipment and systems are installed in accordance with design specifications. Certain tests are assigned an optional classification. The following considerations are used in determining the use of the optional classification: 1. Does another listed test provide similar information? 2. How does the cost of the test compare to the cost of other tests providing similar information? 3. How commonplace is the test procedure? Is it new technology? Optional Tests are denoted by an Asterisk (*) on each relevant page, i.e., *Optional. If/When Applicable The phrases "if applicable", "when applicable", and any variation thereof do not occur in this standard. This standard assumes that if devices or pieces of equipment are not present, they will not be subject to testing or verification. Manufacturer’s Instruction Manuals It is important to follow the recommendations contained in the manufacturer’s published data. Many of the details of a complete and effective testing procedure can be obtained from this source. Summary The guidance of an experienced testing professional should be sought when making decisions concerning the extent of testing. It is necessary to make an informed judgment for each particular system regarding how extensive a procedure is justified. The approach taken in these specifications is to present a comprehensive series of tests applicable to most industrial and larger commercial systems. In smaller systems, some of the tests can be deleted. In other cases, a number of the tests indicated as optional should be performed. In all instances, the condition of maintenance should be understood so that risk factors associated with safety should be part of the decision-making process. Likewise, guidance of an experienced testing professional should also be sought when making decisions concerning the results of test data and their significance to the overall analysis of the device or system under test. Careful consideration of all aspects of test data and condition of maintenance, including manufacturer’s published data and recommendations, must be included in the overall assessment of the device or system under test. The Association encourages comment from users of this document. Please contact the NETA office. ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 – This page intentionally left blank – ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  CONTENTS 1. GENERAL SCOPE.................................................................................................................. 1 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES................................................................................................ 2 3. QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING ORANIZATION AND PERSONNEL........................... 10 4. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY.......................................................................................... 11 5. GENERAL................................................................................................................................ 12 5.1 Safety and Precautions............................................................................................ 12 5.2 Suitability of Test Equipment................................................................................. 12 5.3 Test Instrument Calibration.................................................................................... 13 5.4 Test Report.............................................................................................................. 14 5.5 Test Decal............................................................................................................... 15 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES.................................................................................................. 16 6.1 Short-Circuit Studies............................................................................................... 16 6.2 Coordination Studies............................................................................................... 17 6.3 Incident Energy Analysis........................................................................................ 19 6.4 Load-Flow Studies.................................................................................................. 21 6.5 Stability Studies...................................................................................................... 22 6.6 Harmonic-Analysis Studies.................................................................................... 23 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES............................................................................ 24 7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard................................................................................... 24 7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small.................................. 28 7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-Cooled, Large.......................................................... 30 7.2.2 Transformers, Liquid-Filled.................................................................................... 34 7.3.1 Cables, Low-Voltage, Low-Energy – Reserved..................................................... 39 7.3.2 Cables, Low-Voltage, 1,000 Volt Maxium............................................................. 40 7.3.3 Shielded Cables, Medium- and High-Voltage........................................................ 42 7.4 Metal-Enclosed Busways, Low- and Medium- Voltage......................................... 46 7.5.1.1 Switches, Air, Low-Voltage................................................................................... 49 7.5.1.2 Switches, Air, Medium-Voltage, Metal-Enclosed.................................................. 52 7.5.1.3 Switches, Air, Medium- and High-Voltage, Open................................................. 55 7.5.2 Switches, Oil, Medium-Voltage............................................................................. 58 7.5.3 Switches, Vacuum, Medium-Voltage..................................................................... 61 7.5.4 Switches, SF6, Medium-Voltage............................................................................. 64 7.5.5 Switches, Cutouts.................................................................................................... 67 7.6.1.1 Circuit Breakers, Air, Insulated-Case/Molded-Case.............................................. 69 7.6.1.2 Circuit Breakers, Air, Low-Voltage Power............................................................ 72 7.6.1.3 Circuit Breakers, Air, Medium-Voltage................................................................. 76 7.6.2 Circuit Breakers, Oil, Medium- and High-Voltage................................................ 80 7.6.3 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum, Medium-Voltage......................................................... 85 7.6.4 Circuit Breakers, SF6.............................................................................................. 89 7.7 Circuit Switchers..................................................................................................... 93 7.8 Network Protectors................................................................................................. 96 7.9.1 Protective Relays, Electromechanical and Solid-State........................................... 100 7.9.2 Protective Relays, Microprocessor-Based.............................................................. 108 7.10.1 Instrument Transformers, Current Transformers.................................................... 111 7.10.2 Instrument Transformers, Voltage Transformers................................................... 114 7.10.3 Instrument Transformers, Coupling-Capacitor Voltage Transformers................... 117 7.10.4 Instrument Transformers, High-Accuracy Instrument Transformers - Reserved... 120 7.11.1 Metering Devices, Electromechanical and Solid-State........................................... 121 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  CONTENTS (continued) 7.11.2 Metering Devices, Microprocessor-Based.............................................................. 123 7.12.1.1Regulating Apparatus, Voltage, Step-Voltage Regulators..................................... 125 7.12.1.2Regulating Apparatus, Voltage, Induction Regulators........................................... 130 7.12.2 Regulating Apparatus, Current – Reserved............................................................ 134 7.12.3 Regulating Apparatus, Load Tap-Changers............................................................ 135 7.13 Grounding Systems................................................................................................. 140 7.14 Ground-Fault Protection Systems, Low-Voltage.................................................... 142 7.15.1 Rotating Machinery, AC Induction Motors and Generators................................... 145 7.15.2 Rotating Machinery, Synchronous Motors and Generators.................................... 150 7.15.3 Rotating Machinery, DC Motors and Generators................................................... 156 7.16.1.1Motor Control, Motor Starters, Low-Voltage......................................................... 159 7.16.1.2Motor Control, Motor Starters, Medium-Voltage................................................... 162 7.16.2.1Motor Control, Motor Control Centers, Low-Voltage............................................ 166 7.16.2.2Motor Control, Motor Control Centers, Medium-Voltage..................................... 167 7.17 Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems............................................................................ 168 7.18.1.1Direct-Current Systems, Batteries, Flooded Lead-Acid......................................... 171 7.18.1.2Direct-Current Systems, Batteries, Vented Nickel-Cadmium................................ 173 7.18.1.3Direct Current Systems, Batteries, Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid............................ 175 7.18.2 Direct-Current Systems, Chargers.......................................................................... 177 7.18.3 Direct-Current Systems, Rectifiers – Reserved...................................................... 179 7.19.1 Surge Arresters, Low-Voltage Surge Protection Devices....................................... 180 7.19.2 Surge Arresters, Medium- and High-Voltage Surge Protection Devices............... 182 7.20.1 Capacitors and Reactors, Capacitors....................................................................... 184 7.20.2 Capacitors and Reactors, Capacitor Control Devices – Reserved.......................... 186 7.20.3.1Capacitors and Reactors, Reactors (Shunt and Current-Limiting), Dry-Type........ 187 7.20.3.2Capacitors and Reactors, Reactors (Shunt and Current-Limiting), Liquid-Filled.. 189 7.20.4 Resistors…………………………………………………………………………… 193 7.21 Outdoor Bus Structures........................................................................................... 195 7.22.1 Emergency Systems, Engine Generator.................................................................. 197 7.22.2 Emergency Systems, Uninterruptible Power Systems............................................ 199 7.22.3 Emergency Systems, Automatic Transfer Switches............................................... 202 7.23 Communications – Reserved.................................................................................. 205 7.24.1 Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers, Automatic Circuit Reclosers, Oil/Vacuum....................................................... 206 7.24.2 Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers Automatic Line Sectionalizers, Oil................................................................... 212 7.25 Fiber-Optic Cables.................................................................................................. 215 7.26 Electric Vehicle Charging System ………………………..................................... 217 8. SYSTEM FUNCTION TESTS................................................................................................. 219 9. THERMOGRAPHIC SURVEY............................................................................................... 220 10. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SURVEY.............................................................................. 221 11. ONLINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE SURVEY FOR SWITCHGEAR..................................... 222 TABLES 100.1 Insulation Resistance Test Values, Electrical Apparatus and Systems Other Than Rotating Machinery.............................................................................................................................. 225 100.2 Switchgear Withstand Test Voltages..................................................................................... 226 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  CONTENTS (continued) TABLES (Continued) 100.3 Dissipation Factor/Power Factor at 20° C; Liquid-Filled Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, Maintenance Test Values............................................................. 227 100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits 100.4.1 Suggested Limits for Class I Insulating Oil, Mineral Oil....................................... 228 100.4.2 Suggested Limits for Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Insulating Liquid................. 229 100.4.3 Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Silicone Insulating Liquid............................. 230 100.4.4 Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Tetrachloroethylene Insulating Fluid............ 231 100.4.5 Suggested Limits for Triggering Prompt Additional Investigation for Service-Aged Natural Ester Insulating Fluids Grouped by Voltage Class............................. 232 100.5 Transformer Insulation Resistance, Maintenance Testing..................................................... 233 100.6 Cables, Maintenance Test Values 100.6.1 Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Medium-........................................... 234 100.6.2 Laminated Dielectric Shielded Power Cable DC Test Voltages............................ 235 100.6.3 Shielded Power Cable VLF (0.1 Hz) Test Voltages............................................... 236 100.6.4 Shielded Power Cables DAC Test Voltages for Offline PD Tests......................... 237 100.6.5 Shielded Power Cable AC (20 Hz-300 Hz) Test Voltages..................................... 238 100.6.6 VLF Tan Delta (TD) MV/HV Cable Test Voltages............................................... 239 100.6.7.1 Evaluation of Tan Delta Test Results XLPE Cable.............................................. 240 100.6.7.2 Evaluation of Tan Delta Test Results EPR Cable.................................................. 240 100.7 Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Inverse Time Trip Test........................................................ 241 100.8 Instantaneous Trip Tolerances for Field Testing of Circuit Breakers.................................... 242 100.9 Instrument Transformer Dielectric Tests, Field Maintenance............................................... 243 100.10 Maximum Allowable Vibration Amplitude........................................................................... 244 100.11 Insulation Resistance Test Values for Rotating Machinery for One Minute at 40° C........... 245 100.12 Bolt-Torque Values for Electrical Connections, US Standard Fasteners 100.12.1 Heat-Treated Steel – Cadmium or Zinc Plated....................................................... 246 100.12.2 Silicon Bronze Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)..................................................... 247 100.12.3 Aluminum Alloy Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)................................................. 248 100.12.4 Stainless Steel Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)...................................................... 249 100.13 SF6 Gas Test Limits............................................................................................................... 250 100.14 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors 100.14.1 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors (20° C)................................................. 251 100.14.2 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors (40° C)................................................. 252 100.15 High-Potential Test Voltage for Automatic Circuit Reclosers.............................................. 253 100.16 High-Potential Test Voltage for Periodic Test of Line Sectionalizers.................................. 254 100.17 Metal-Enclosed Bus Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages...................................................... 255 100.18 Thermographic Survey, Suggested Actions Based on Temperature Rise............................. 256 100.19 Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages for Electrical Apparatus Other than Inductive Equipment............................................................................................ 257 100.20 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers 100.20.1 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers............................. 258 100.20.1 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers (continued) Notes: 259 100.20.2 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers, Solenoid-Operated Devices.................................................................................... 260 100.21 Accuracy of IEC Class TP Current Transformers, Error Limit (WITHDRAWN)................ 261 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023  CONTENTS (continued) 100.22 Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor................................................................................................................................. 262 Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor (continued)............................................................................................................................. 263 100.23 Online Partial Discharge Survey for Switchgear................................................................... 264 100.23.1 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (TEV)...................... 264 100.23.2 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (HFCT).................... 264 100.23.3 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (UHF)...................... 265 100.23.4 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (VIS)........................ 265 100.23.5 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (contact/airborne acoustic)..................................................................................... 265 APPENDICES Appendix A – Definitions..................................................................................................................... 266 Appendix B – Frequency of Maintenance Tests................................................................................... 269 Appendix C – Frequency of Power System Studies............................................................................. 273 Appendix D – Circuit Reliability Considerations for Cable Maintenance Testing.............................. 274 Appendix E – About the InterNational Electrical Testing Association................................................ 276 Appendix F – Form for Comments....................................................................................................... 278 Appendix G – Form for Proposals........................................................................................................ 279 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 – This page intentionally left blank – ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 1. GENERAL SCOPE 1.1 Maintenance Testing Specifications 1. These specifications incorporate comprehensive field tests and inspections to assess the suitability for continued service, condition of maintenance, and reliability of electrical power distribution equipment and systems. 2. The purpose of these specifications is to assure tested electrical equipment and systems are operational, are within applicable standards and manufacturer’s tolerances, and are suitable for continued service. 3. The work specified in these specifications may involve hazardous voltages, materials, operations, and equipment. These specifications do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of this specification. Page 1 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specifications All inspections and field tests shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the following codes, standards, and specifications except as provided otherwise herein. 1. American National Standards Institute – ANSI 2. ASTM International – ASTM ASTM D92 Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) ASTM D664 Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration ASTM D877/877M Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids using Disk Electrodes ASTM D923 Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids ASTM D924 Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids ASTM D971 Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil against Water by the Ring Method ASTM D974 Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration ASTM D1298 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method ASTM D1500 Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale) ASTM D1524 Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field ASTM D1533 Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration Page 2 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specification (continued) ASTM D1816 Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes ASTM D2029 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Content of Electrical Insulating Gases by Measurement of Dew Point ASTM D2129 Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Electrical Insulating Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale) ASTM D2284 Standard Test Method of Acidity of Sulfur Hexafluoride ASTM D2472 Standard Specification for Sulphur Hexafluoride ASTM D2477 Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Insulating Gases at Commercial Power Frequencies ASTM D2685 Standard Test Method for Air and Carbon Tetrafluoride in Sulfur Hexafluoride by Gas Chromatography ASTM D2759 Standard Practice for Sampling Gas from a Transformer under Positive Pressure ASTM D3284 Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters ASTM D3612 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography ASTM D5837 Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ASTM D6786 Standard Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters ASTM D6871 Standard Specification for Natural Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus 3. Association of Edison Illuminating Companies – AEIC 4. Canadian Standards Association - CSA CSA Z462 Workplace Electrical Safety Standard CSA Z463 Maintenance of Electrical Systems Page 3 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specification (continued) 5. Electrical Apparatus Service Association – EASA EASA AR100 Recommended Practice for the Repair of Rotating Electrical Apparatus 6. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers – IEEE IEEE C2 National Electrical Safety Code IEEE C37 Guides and Standards for Circuit Breakers, Switchgear, Relays, Compilation Substations, and Fuses IEEE C57 Guides and Standards for Distribution, Power, and Regulating Compilation Transformers IEEE C62 Guides and Standards for Surge Protection Compilation IEEE C93.1 Requirements for Power-Line Carrier Coupling Capacitors and Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CCVT) IEEE 43 IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Electric Machinery IEEE 48 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating- Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV IEEE 81 IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Ground System IEEE 95 IEEE Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and Above) with High Direct Voltage IEEE 100 The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms IEEE 141 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (Red Book) IEEE 142 IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Green Book) IEEE 241 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings (Gray Book) Page 4 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specification (continued) IEEE 242 IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Buff Book) IEEE 286 IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurement Of Power Factor Tip- Up Of Electric Machinery Stator Coil Insulation IEEE 386 IEEE Standard for Separable Insulated Connector Systems for Power Distribution Systems Rated 2.5 kV through 35 kV IEEE 399 IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (Brown Book) IEEE 400 IEEE Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above IEEE 400.1 IEEE Guide for Field Testing of Laminated Dielectric, Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above with High Direct Current Voltage IEEE 400.2 IEEE Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF)(less than 1 Hz) IEEE 400.3 IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment IEEE 400.4 IEEE Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above with Damped Alternating Current (DAC) Voltage IEEE 400.5 Guide for Field Testing of Shielded DC Power Cable Systems Using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) IEEE 404 IEEE Standard for Extruded and Laminated Dielectric Shielded Cable Joints Rated 2.5 kV to 500 kV IEEE 421.3 IEEE Standard for High-Potential-Test Requirements for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines IEEE 446 IEEE Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and Commercial Applications (Orange Book) IEEE 450 IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications Page 5 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specification (continued) IEEE 493 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Gold Book) IEEE 519 IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems IEEE 551 IEEE Recommended Practice for Calculating AC Short-Circuit Currents in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems IEEE 602 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in Health Care Facilities (White Book) IEEE 637 IEEE Guide for Reclamation of Insulating Oil and Criteria for its Use IEEE 644 Procedures for Measurement of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields from AC Power Lines IEEE 739 IEEE Recommended Practice for Energy Management in Industrial and Commercial Facilities (Bronze Book) IEEE 1015 IEEE Recommended Practice for Applying Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Blue Book) IEEE 1100 IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment (Emerald Book) IEEE 1106 IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications IEEE 1159 IEEE Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electrical Power Quality IEEE 1188 IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications IEEE 1584 IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations IEEE 3007.3 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Safety in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Page 6 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specification (continued) 7. Insulated Cable Engineers Association – ICEA ICEA 5-46 kV Shielded Power Cable for Use in the Transmission and S-93-639/NEMA Distribution of Electric Energy WC 74 ICEA Standard for Concentric Neutral Cables Rated 5kV through 46kV S-94-649 ICEA Standard for Utility Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 kV through 46kV S-97-682 8. InterNational Electrical Testing Association – NETA ANSI/NETA ATS Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems ANSI/NETA ECS Standard for Electrical Commissioning Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems ANSI/NETA ETT Standard for Certification of Electrical Testing Technicians 9. National Electrical Manufacturers Association – NEMA NEMA AB4 Guidelines for Inspection and Preventive Maintenance of Molded-Case Circuit Breakers Used in Commercial and Industrial Applications NEMA C84.1 Electrical Power Systems and Equipment – Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz) NEMA MG1 Motors and Generators 10. National Fire Protection Association – NFPA NFPA 70 National Electrical Code NFPA 70B Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace NFPA 99 Health Care Facilities Code NFPA 101 Life Safety Code NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems Page 7 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Specification (continued) NFPA 111 Standard of Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems NFPA 780 Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems 11. Occupational Safety and Health Administration – OSHA 12. State and local codes and ordinances 13. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. – UL 2.2 Other References Manufacturers’ instruction manuals for the equipment to be tested. Megger; A Stitch in Time…The Complete Guide to Electrical Insulation Testing. Paul Gill; Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing 2.3 Contact Information American National Standards Institute – ANSI www.ansi.org ASTM International – ASTM www.astm.org Association of Edison Illuminating Companies – AEIC www.aeic.org Canadian Standards Association – CSA www.csa.ca Electrical Apparatus Service Association – EASA www.easa.com Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers – IEEE www.ieee.org Insulated Cable Engineers Association – ICEA www.icea.net International Electrotechnical Commission – IEC Contact through American National Standards Institute Page 8 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES 2.1 Codes, Standards, and Speficiation(continued) InterNational Electrical Testing Association – NETA 3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 Portage, MI 49024 (269) 488-6382 or (888) 300-NETA (6382) www.netaworld.org Megger www.megger.com National Electrical Manufacturers Association– NEMA www.nema.org National Institute of Standards and Technology www.nist.gov National Fire Prevention Association – NFPA www.nfpa.org Occupational Safety and Health Administration – OSHA www.osha.gov Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. – UL www.ul.com Page 9 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 3. QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL 3.1 Testing Organization 1. The testing organization shall be an independent, third-party entity which can function as an unbiased testing authority, professionally independent of the manufacturers, suppliers, and installers of equipment or systems being evaluated. 2. The testing organization shall be regularly engaged in the testing of electrical equipment devices, installations, and systems. 3. The testing organization shall use technicians who are regularly employed for testing services. 4. The testing organization shall submit appropriate documentation to demonstrate that it satisfactorily complies with these requirements. 3.2 Testing Personnel 1. Technicians performing these electrical tests and inspections shall be trained and experienced concerning the apparatus and systems being evaluated. These individuals shall be capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with complete knowledge of the hazards involved. They must evaluate the test data and make a judgment on the serviceability of the specific equipment. 2. Technicians shall be certified in accordance with ANSI/NETA ETT, Standard for Certification of Electrical Testing Technicians. Each on site crew leader shall hold a current certification, Level 3 or higher, in electrical testing. Page 10 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 4. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY 4.1 The Owner’s Representative The owner’s representative shall provide the testing organization with the following: 1. A short-circuit analysis, a coordination study, and a protective device setting sheet as described in Section 6. 2. A complete set of electrical plans and specifications, including all change orders. 3. Drawings and instruction manuals applicable to the scope of work. 4. An itemized description of equipment to be inspected and tested. 5. A determination of who shall provide a suitable and stable source of electrical power to each test site. 6. A determination of who shall perform certain preliminary low-voltage insulation-resistance, continuity, and low-voltage motor rotation tests prior to and in addition to tests specified herein. 7. Notification when equipment becomes available for maintenance tests. Work shall be coordinated to expedite project scheduling. 8. Site-specific hazard notification and safety training. 4.2 The Testing Organization The testing organization shall provide the following: 1. All field technical services, tooling, equipment, instrumentation, and technical supervision to perform such tests and inspections. 2. Specific power requirements for test equipment. 3. Notification to the owner’s representative prior to commencement of any testing. 4. A timely notification of any system, material, or workmanship that is found deficient based on the results of the maintenance tests. 5. A written record of all tests and a final report. Page 11 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 5. GENERAL 5.1 Safety and Precautions All parties involved must be cognizant of industry-standard safety procedures. This document does not contain any specific safety procedures. It is recognized that an overwhelming majority of the tests and inspections recommended in these specifications are potentially hazardous. Individuals performing these tests shall be qualified and capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with complete knowledge of the hazards involved. 1. Safety practices shall include, but are not limited to, the following requirements: 1. All applicable provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, particularly OSHA 29 CFR 1910 and 29 CFR Part 1926. 2. NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety. 3. Applicable state and local safety operating procedures. 4. Owner’s safety practices. 2. A safety lead person shall be identified prior to commencement of work. 3. A safety briefing shall be conducted prior to the commencement of work. 4. All tests shall be performed with the apparatus de-energized and temporary protective grounds applied except where otherwise specifically required to be ungrounded or energized for certain tests. 5. The testing organization shall have a designated safety representative on the project to supervise operations with respect to safety. This individual may be the same person described in 5.1.2. 5.2 Suitability of Test Equipment 1. All test equipment shall meet the requirements in Section 5.3 and be in good mechanical and electrical condition. 2. Field test metering used to check power system meter calibration must be more accurate than the instrument being tested. 3. Accuracy of metering in test equipment shall be appropriate for the test being performed. 4. Waveshape and frequency of test equipment output waveforms shall be appropriate for the test and the tested equipment. Page 12 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 5. GENERAL 5.3 Test Instrument Calibration 1. The testing organization shall have a calibration program which assures that all applicable test instruments are maintained within rated accuracy for each test instrument calibrated. 2. The firm providing calibration service shall maintain up-to-date instrument calibration instructions and procedures for each test instrument calibrated. 3. The accuracy shall be directly traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or ISO/IEC 17025, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories. 4. All test instruments shall be calibrated within 12 months of the date of test. 5. Dated calibration labels shall be visible on all test equipment. 6. Records, which show date and results of instruments calibrated or tested, must be kept up- to-date. 7. Calibrating standard shall be of higher accuracy than that of the instrument tested. Page 13 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 5. GENERAL 5.4 Test Report 1. The test report shall include the following: 1. Summary of project. 2. Description of equipment tested. 3. Description of tests. 4. Device settings. 5. Inspection and test data. 6. Analysis and recommendations. 2. Test data records shall include the following minimum requirements: 1. Identification of the testing organization. 2. Equipment identification. 3. Nameplate data. 4. Conditions that may affect the results of the tests/calibrations such as humidity, temperature, and other conditions. 5. Date of inspections, tests, maintenance, and/or calibrations. 6. Identification of the testing technician. 7. Indication of inspections, tests, maintenance, and/or calibrations to be performed and recorded. 8. Indication of expected results when calibrations are to be performed. 9. Indication of as-found and as-left results. 10. Sufficient spaces to allow all results and comments to be indicated. 3. The testing organization shall furnish a copy or copies of the complete project report as specified in the maintenance testing contract. Page 14 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 5. GENERAL 5.5 Test Decal 1. The testing organization shall affix a test decal on the exterior of equipment or equipment enclosure of protective devices after performing electrical tests. 2. The test decal shall be color-coded to communicate the condition of maintenance for the protective device. Color scheme for condition of maintenance of overcurrent protective device shall be: 1. White: electrically and mechanically acceptable. 2. Yellow: minor deficiency not affecting fault detection and operation, but minor electrical or mechanical condition exists. 3. Red: deficiency exists affecting performance, not suitable for service. 3. The decal shall include: 1. Testing organization. 2. Project identifier. 3. Test date. 4. Technician identifier. Page 15 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.1 Short-Circuit Studies 1. Scope of Study. Determine the short-circuit current available at each component of the electrical system and the ability of the component to withstand and/or interrupt the current. Provide an analysis of possible operating scenario[s] which will be or have been influenced by the proposed or completed additions or changes to the subject system. 2. Procedure. The short-circuit study shall be performed in accordance with the recommended practices and procedures set forth in IEEE 3002.3. 3. Study Report. Results of the short-circuit study shall be summarized in a final report containing the following items: 1. Basis, description, purpose, and scope of the study. 2. Tabulation of the data used to model the system components and a corresponding one-line diagram. 3. Descriptions of the scenario[s] evaluated and identification of the scenario used to evaluate equipment short-circuit ratings. 4. Tabulation of equipment short-circuit ratings versus available fault duties. The tabulation shall identify percentage of rated short circuit and clearly note equipment with insufficient ratings. 5. Conclusions and recommendations. * Optional Page 16 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.2 Coordination Studies 1. Scope of Study. 1. The extent of overcurrent protective device coordination shall include: 1. Selective coordination: determine the protective device types, characteristics, settings, or ampere ratings which provide selective coordination, equipment protection, and correct interrupting ratings for the full range of available short-circuit currents at points of application for each overcurrent protective device. 2. Compromised coordination: determine protective device types, characteristics, settings, or ampere ratings which permit ranges of non- coordination of overcurrent protective devices. 3. Provide an analysis of possible operating scenario[s] which will be or have been influenced by the proposed or completed additions or changes to the subject system. 2. Procedure. The coordination study shall be performed in accordance with the recommended practices and procedures set forth in IEEE 399 and IEEE 242. Protective device selection and settings shall comply with requirements of NFPA 70 National Electrical Code. 3. Study Report. Results of the coordination study shall be summarized in a final report containing the following items: 1. Basis, description, purpose, and scope of the study and a corresponding one-line diagram. 2. Time-current curves, selective coordination ratios of fuses, or selective coordination tables of circuit breakers demonstrating the coordination of overcurrent protective devices to the scope. 3. Tabulations of protective devices identifying circuit location, manufacturer, type, range of adjustment, IEEE device number, current transformer ratios, recommended settings or device size, and referenced time-current curve. 4. Conclusions and recommendations. * Optional Page 17 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.2 Coordination Studies (continued) 4. Implementation The owner shall engage qualified testing personnel for the purpose of inspecting, setting, testing, and calibrating the protective relays, circuit breakers, fuses, and other applicable devices as outlined in this specification. * Optional Page 18 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.3 Incident Energy Analysis 1. Scope of Study. Determine arc-flash incident energy levels and flash protection boundary distances based on the results of the short-circuit and coordination studies. Perform the analysis under worst- case arc-flash conditions for all modes of operation. Provide an analysis of possible operating scenarios which will be or have been influenced by the proposed or completed additions to the subject system. 2. Procedure. Identify locations and equipment to be included in the incident energy analysis. 1. Prepare a one-line diagram of the power system. 2. Perform a short-circuit study in accordance with Section 6.1. 3. Perform a coordination study in accordance with Section 6.2. 4. Identify the possible system operating modes, including tie-breaker positions, parallel generation, etc. 5. Calculate the arcing fault current flowing through each circuit branch for each fault location using empirical formula in accordance with NFPA 70E, OSHA 1910.269, IEEE 1584, or other applicable standards. 6. Determine the time required to clear the arcing fault current using the protective device settings and associated trip curves. 7. Select the working distances based on system voltage and equipment class. 8. Calculate the incident energy at each fault location at the prescribed working distance. *9. Determine the arc-flash hazard PPE category for the calculated incident energy level. 10. Calculate the flash protection boundary at each fault location. 11. Document the assessment in reports and one-line diagrams. 12. Place appropriate labels on the equipment. * Optional Page 19 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.3 Incident Energy Analysis (continued) 3. Study Report. Results of the incident-energy analysis shall be summarized in a final report containing the following items: 1. Basis, method of hazard assessment, description, purpose, scope, and date of the study. 2. Tabulations of the data used to model the system components and a corresponding one-line diagram. 3. Descriptions of the scenario[s] evaluated and identification of the scenario used to develop incident-energy levels and arc-flash boundaries. 4. Tabulations of equipment incident energies, arc-flash hazard PPE categories, and arc-flash boundaries. The tabulation shall identify and clearly note equipment that exceeds 40 cal/cm2. 5. List of required arc-flash labels and locations. 6. Conclusions and recommendations. * Optional Page 20 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.4 Load-Flow Studies 1. Scope of Study. Determine active and reactive power, voltage, current, and power factor throughout the electrical system. Provide an analysis of possible operating scenarios which will be or have been influenced by the proposed or completed additions or changes to the subject system. 2. Procedure. The load-flow study shall be performed in accordance with the recommended practices and procedures set forth in IEEE 3002.2. 3. Study Report. Results of the load-flow study shall be summarized in a final report containing the following items: 1. Basis, description, purpose, and scope of the study. 2. Tabulations of the data used to model the system components and a corresponding one-line diagram. 3. Descriptions of the scenarios evaluated and the basis for each. 4. Tabulation of power and current flow versus equipment ratings. The tabulation shall identify percentage of rated load and the scenario for which the percentage is based. Overloaded equipment shall be clearly noted. 5. Tabulation of system voltages versus equipment ratings. The tabulation shall identify percentage of rated voltage and the scenario for which the percentage is based. Voltage levels outside the ranges recommended by equipment manufacturers, IEEE C84.1, or other appropriate standards shall be clearly noted. 6. Tabulation of system real and reactive power losses with areas of concern clearly noted. 7. Conclusions and recommendations. * Optional Page 21 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.5 Stability Studies 1. Scope of Study. Determine the ability of the electrical system’s synchronous machines to remain in step with one another following a disturbance. Provide an analysis of disturbances for possible operating scenarios which will be or have been influenced by the proposed or completed additions or changes to the subject system. 2. Procedure. The stability study shall be performed in accordance with the recommended practices and procedures set forth in IEEE 399. 3. Study Report. Results of the stability study shall be summarized in a final report containing the following items: 1. Basis, description, purpose, and scope of the study. 2. Tabulations of the data used to model the system components and a corresponding one-line diagram. 3. Descriptions of the scenario[s] evaluated and tabulations or graphs showing the calculation results. 4. Conclusions and recommendations. * Optional Page 22 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES 6.6 Harmonic-Analysis Studies 1. Scope of Study Determine the impact of nonlinear loads and their associated harmonic contributions on the voltage and current throughout the electrical system. Provide an analysis of possible operating scenarios which will be or have been influenced by the proposed or completed additions or changes to the subject system. 2. Procedure The harmonic-analysis study shall be performed in accordance with the recommended practices and procedures set forth in IEEE3002.8. 3. Study Report Results of the harmonic-analysis study shall be summarized in a final report containing the following items: 1. Basis, description, purpose, and scope of the study. 2. Tabulations of the data used to model the system components and a corresponding one-line diagram. 3. Descriptions of the scenario[s] evaluated and the basis for each. 4. Tabulation of rms voltage, peak voltage, rms current, and total capacitor bank loading versus associated equipment ratings. Equipment with insufficient ratings shall be clearly identified for each of the scenarios evaluated. 5. Tabulation of calculated voltage distortion factor, current distortion factor, and individual harmonics versus the limits specified by IEEE 519. Calculated values exceeding the limits specified in the standard shall be clearly noted. 6. Plots of impedance versus frequency showing resonant frequencies to be avoided. 7. Tabulations of the system transformer capabilities based on the calculated nonsinusoidal load current and the procedures set forth in IEEE C57.110. Overloaded transformers shall be clearly noted. 8. Conclusions and recommendations. * Optional Page 23 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection 1. Inspect physical, electrical, and mechanical condition. 2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, grounding, and required area clearances. *3. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests. 4. Clean the unit. 5. Verify that fuse and/or circuit breaker sizes and types correspond to drawings and coordination study as well as to the circuit breaker address for microprocessor- communication packages. 6. Verify that current and voltage transformer ratios correspond to drawings. 7. Verify that wiring connections are tight and that wiring is secure to prevent damage during routine operation of moving parts. 8. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following: 1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.1.B.1. 2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque- wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12. 3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9. 9. Confirm correct operation and sequencing of electrical and mechanical interlock systems. 1. Attempt closure on locked-open devices. Attempt to open locked-closed devices. 2. Make key exchange with all devices included in the interlock scheme as applicable. 10. Use appropriate lubrication on moving current-carrying parts and on moving and sliding surfaces. 11. Inspect insulators for evidence of physical damage or contaminated surfaces. 12. Verify correct barrier and shutter installation and operation. 13. Exercise all active components. 14. Inspect mechanical indicating devices for correct operation. * Optional Page 24 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies (continued) 15. Verify that filters are in place, filters are clean and free from debris, and vents are clear 16. Perform visual and mechanical inspection of instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7.10. 17. Perform visual and mechanical inspection of surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19. 18. Inspect control power transformers. 1. Inspect for physical damage, cracked insulation, broken leads, tightness of connections, defective wiring, and overall general condition. 2. Verify that primary and secondary fuse or circuit breaker ratings match drawings. 3. Verify correct functioning of drawout disconnecting contacts, grounding contacts, and interlocks. 19. Perform as-left tests. B. Electrical Tests 1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low- resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.1.A.8.1. 2. Perform insulation-resistance tests for one minute on each bus section, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.1. *3. Perform a dielectric withstand voltage test on each bus section, each phase-to-ground with phases not under test grounded, in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.2. The test voltage shall be applied for one minute. Refer to Section 7.1.3 before performing test. *4. Perform insulation-resistance tests on control wiring with respect to ground. The applied potential shall be 500 volts dc for 300-volt rated cable and 1000 volts dc for 600-volt rated cable. Test duration shall be one minute. For units with solid-state components or control devices that cannot tolerate the applied voltage, follow manufacturer’s recommendation. 5. Perform electrical tests on instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7.10. 6. Perform ground-resistance tests in accordance with Section 7.13. 7. Test metering devices in accordance with Section 7.11. 8. Control Power Transformers. * Optional Page 25 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies (continued) 1. Perform insulation-resistance tests. Perform measurements from winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Test voltages shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.1. 2. Verify correct function of control transfer relays located in switchgear with multiple power sources. 9. Verify operation of switchgear/switchboard heaters and their controller. 10. Perform electrical tests of surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19. *11. Perform online partial-discharge survey in accordance with Section 11. 12. Perform system function tests in accordance with Section 8. C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical 1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.1.A.8.1) 2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.1.A.8.2) 3. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.1.A.8.3) D. Test Values – Electrical 1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. 2. Insulation-resistance values of bus insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.1. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. Dielectric withstand voltage tests should not proceed until insulation-resistance levels are raised above minimum values. 3. If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the dielectric withstand test, the test specimen is considered to have passed the test. 4. Minimum insulation-resistance values of control wiring should be comparable to previously obtained results but not less than two megohms. * Optional Page 26 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies (continued) 5. Results of electrical tests on instrument transformers should be in accordance with Section 7.10. 6. Results of ground resistance tests should be in accordance with Section 7.13. 7. Accuracy of metering devices should be in accordance with Section 7.11. 8. Control Power Transformers 1. Insulation-resistance values of control power transformers should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. 2. Control transfer relays should perform as designed. 9. Heaters should be operational. 10. Results of electrical tests on surge arresters shall be in accordance with Section 7.19. 11. Results of online partial-discharge survey should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, refer to Table 100.23. 12. Results of system function tests shall be in accordance with Section 8. * Optional Page 27 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small NOTE: This category consists of power transformers with windings rated 600 volts or less and sizes equal to or less than 167 kVA single-phase or 500 kVA three-phase. A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection 1. Inspect physical and mechanical condition. 2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. *3. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests. 4. Clean the unit. 5. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following: 1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.1.B.1. 2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque- wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12. 3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9. 6. Perform as-left tests. 7. Verify that as-left tap connections are as specified. B. Electrical Tests 1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.1.A.5.1. 2. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Calculate the dielectric absorption ratio or polarization index. *3. Perform turns-ratio tests at the designated tap position. * Optional Page 28 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small (continued) C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical 1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.2.1.1.A.5.1) 2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.2.1.1.A.5.2) 3. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.2.1.1.A.5.3) 4. Tap connections are left as found unless otherwise specified. (7.2.1.1.A.7) D. Test Values – Electrical 1. Compare bolted electrical connection resistances to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. 2. Minimum insulation-resistance values of transformer insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. The dielectric absorption ratio or polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1.0. 3. Turns-ratio test results should not deviate more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio. * Optional Page 29 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Large NOTE: This category consists of power transformers with windings rated higher than 600 volts and low-voltage transformers larger than 167 kVA single-phase or 500 kVA three-phase. A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection 1. Inspect physical and mechanical condition. 2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding. *3. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests. 4. Clean the unit. *5. Verify that control and alarm settings on temperature indicators are as specified. 6. Verify that cooling fans operate correctly. 7. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following: 1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.2.B.1. 2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque- wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12. 3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9. 8. Perform specific inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by the manufacturer. 9. Perform as-left tests. 10. Verify that as-left tap connections are as specified. 11. Verify the presence of surge arresters. * Optional Page 30 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Large (continued) B. Electrical Tests 1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.2.A.7.1. 2. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Calculate the dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index. 3. Perform insulation power-factor or dissipation-factor tests on all windings in accordance with the test equipment manufacturer’s published data. *4. Perform a power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up test on windings rated greater than 2.5 kV. 5. Perform turns-ratio tests at the designated tap position. 6. Perform an excitation-current test on each phase. *7. Measure the resistance of each winding at the designated tap position. The test current should not exceed 10% of rated current. 8. Measure core insulation resistance at 500 volts dc if the core is insulated and the core ground strap is removable. *9. Perform an applied voltage test on all high- and low-voltage windings-to-ground. See IEEE C57.12.91, Sections 10.2 and 10.3. 10. Verify correct secondary voltage phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral after energization and prior to loading. 11. Test surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19. *12. Perform online partial-discharge survey on winding rated higher than 1000 volts in accordance with Section 11. * Optional Page 31 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Large (continued) C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical 1. Control and alarm settings on temperature indicators should operate within manufacturer’s recommendations for specified settings. (7.2.1.2.A.5) 2. Cooling fans should operate. (7.2.1.2.A.6) 3. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.2.1.2.A.7.1) 4. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.2.1.2.A.7.2) 5. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.2.1.2.A.7.3) 6. Tap connections shall be left as found unless otherwise specified. (7.2.1.2.A.10) D. Test Values – Electrical 1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. 2. Minimum insulation-resistance values of transformer insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. The dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1.0. 3. The following values are typical for insulation power-factor tests: 1. CHL Power transformers: 2.0 percent or less. 2. CHL Distribution transformers: 5.0 percent or less. 3. CH and CL Power-factor or dissipation-factor values will vary due to support insulators and bus work utilized on dry transformers. Consult transformer manufacturer’s or test equipment manufacturer’s data for additional information. 4. Power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up exceeding 1.0 percent should be investigated. 5. Turns-ratio test results should not deviate more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio. * Optional Page 32 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023 7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Large (continued) 6. The typical excitation current test data pattern for a three-legged core transformer is two similar current readings and one lower current reading. The test should produce a pattern typical for the specific transformer type and configuration. 7. Temperature corrected winding-resistance values should not deviate more than two percent from previously obtained results. Consult the manufacturer if winding-resistance values vary by more than two percent from measurements of adjacent phases. 8. Core insulation-resistance values should be comparable to previously-obtained results but not less than one megohm at 500 volts dc. 9. AC dielectric withstand test voltage shall not exceed 65 percent of factory acceptance test voltage for one minute duration. DC dielectric withstand test voltage shall not exceed 100 percent of the ac rms test voltage specified in IEEE C57.12.91, Section 10.2 for one minute duration. If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the dielectric withstand voltage test, the test specimen is considered to have passed the test. 10. Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral secondary voltages should be in agreement with nameplate data. 11. Test results for surge arresters shall be in accordance with Section 7.19. 12. Results of online partial-discharge survey should be in accordance with