General Pharmacology MCQ PDF - 2nd Year Dental, ZU

# GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY ## 2ND YEAR DENTAL, ZU ### AutoNomic Nervous System & Endogenous Catecholamines ### MCQ ## Pharmacology 1. Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system? - Decreases heart rate - Increases digestion - **Increases heart rate** - Con...

# GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY ## 2ND YEAR DENTAL, ZU ### AutoNomic Nervous System & Endogenous Catecholamines ### MCQ ## Pharmacology 1. Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system? - Decreases heart rate - Increases digestion - **Increases heart rate** - Constricts pupils 2. Where do the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system originate? - Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X - Sacral spinal cord (S2, S3, S4) - **First thoracic to third lumbar vertebrae** - Within the organs they innervate 3. What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system? - Fight or flight response - **Rest and digest activities** - Increased blood pressure - Bronchodilation 4. Which receptor type is primarily found in the heart? - Alpha 1 (α1) - **Beta 1 (β1)** - Alpha 2 (α2) - Beta 3 (β3) 5. Which of the following is not innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system? - Constrictor pupillae muscle - **Sweat glands** - Heart - Gastrointestinal tract 6. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the bronchi? - Bronchoconstriction - **Bronchodilation** - Decreased respiration rate - Increased digestion 7. Which adrenergic receptor is responsible for vasoconstriction? - Beta 2 (β2) - **Alpha 1 (α1)** - Beta 1 (β1) - Beta 3 (β3) 8. Which type of drug mimics the actions of epinephrine? - Sympathomimetics - Sympatholytics - Parasympathomimetics - Parasympatholytics - **Sympathomimetics** 9. Which of the following is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system? - Short preganglionic fibers - Long postganglionic fibers - **Long preganglionic fibers** - Located close to the spinal cord 10. What is the origin of the parasympathetic nervous system? - First thoracic to third lumbar vertebrae - **Cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord** - Lumbar spinal cord only - Thoracic spinal cord only 11. Which receptor type causes bronchodilation? - Beta 1 (β1) - Alpha 1 (α1) - **Beta 2 (β2)** - Alpha 2 (α2) 12. What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the gastrointestinal tract? - Decreased digestion - **Relaxation of sphincters** - Increased heart rate - Increased blood pressure 13. Which muscle is innervated only by the sympathetic system? - Constrictor pupillae muscle - **Dilator pupillae muscle** - Heart - Bronchi 14. What happens to blood vessels under the influence of the sympathetic nervous system? - Vasodilation in skin - **Vasoconstriction in skin** - No change - Vasodilation in mucous membranes 15. Which adrenergic receptor is primarily found in adipose tissue? - Alpha 1 (α1) - Beta 1 (β1) - **Beta 3 (β3)** - Alpha 2 (α2) 16. Which system is responsible for the relaxation response? - Sympathetic nervous system - **Parasympathetic nervous system** - Somatic nervous system - Central nervous system 17. What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the pupils? - Dilation - No change - **Constriction** - Fluctuation 18. Which drug type decreases norepinephrine *release*, leading to decreased blood pressure? - Sympathomimetics - Beta blockers - **Alpha 2 (α2) agonists** - Parasympatholytics 19. What is the effect of alpha 1 (α1) receptors on blood pressure? - Decrease blood pressure - **Increase blood pressure** - No effect - Decrease heart rate 20. Which of the following is **NOT** a function of the parasympathetic nervous system? - Decreases heart rate - Increases digestion - **Increases blood pressure** - Constricts pupils 21. Which of the following is a characteristic of catecholamines? - Long duration of action - **Metabolized by COMT and MAO** - Can cross the blood-brain barrier - Absorbed orally 22. Sympathomimetics that act directly on adrenergic receptors include: - Amphetamine - Ephedrine - **Epinephrine** - Cocaine 23. Which sympathomimetic is used to delay absorption of local anesthetics? - Norepinephrine - **Epinephrine** - Amphetamine - Cocaine 24. What is the effect of epinephrine on the bronchioles? - Bronchoconstriction - **Bronchodilatation** - No effect - Constriction of blood vessels 25. A mixed-action sympathomimetic drug includes: - Cocaine - **Ephedrine** - Norepinephrine - Amphetamine 26. What is a therapeutic use of norepinephrine? - Anaphylactic shock - Cardiac arrest - **Hypotensive states** - Bronchial asthma 27. Which of the following drugs causes relaxation of the pregnant uterus? - Norepinephrine - **Epinephrine** - Amphetamine - Cocaine 28. A potential adverse effect of epinephrine is: - Bradycardia - Hypotension - **Cerebral hemorrhage** - Sedation 29. What is a contraindication for the use of epinephrine? - Hypotension - **Coronary heart disease** - Asthma - Bradycardia 30. Which drug is known to increase peripheral resistance and elevate blood pressure? - Ephedrine - **Norepinephrine** - Cocaine - Pseudoephedrine 31. Which of the following is **NOT** a direct-acting sympathomimetic? - Epinephrine - Norepinephrine - **Amphetamine** - Dopamine 32. What is the primary action of sympatholytics? - Mimic the action of epinephrine - **Block adrenergic receptors** - Enhance norepinephrine release - Decrease acetylcholine activity 33. Which of the following is a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic? - Epinephrine - Norepinephrine - **Amphetamine** - Dopamine 34. Which receptor does epinephrine primarily stimulate to increase heart rate? - Alpha-1 - Alpha-2 - **Beta-1** - Beta-2 35. What action does norepinephrine have on the heart rate? - Increases heart rate - **Decreases heart rate** - No effect on heart rate - Causes arrhythmia 36. Which drug is used to reverse severe vasoconstriction caused by norepinephrine extravasation? - Epinephrine - **Phentolamine** - Cocaine - Amphetamine 37. Which of the following is an effect of epinephrine on the gastrointestinal tract? - Increases tone and motility - **Inhibits tone and motility** - Causes diarhea - No effect 38. What receptors are primarily affected by norepinephrine? - Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-1 - Beta-1, Beta-2, Beta-3 - Alpha-1, Beta-2, Beta-3 - Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-2 39. Which of the following drugs is known to cause gangrene and sloughing of skin if extravasation occurs? - Epinephrine - **Norepinephrine** - Dopamine - Amphetamine 40. What is the mechanism of action for indirect-acting sympathomimetics? - Directly stimulate adrenergic receptors - Block adrenergic receptors - **Enhance the release of norepinephrine** - Inhibit the reuptake of acetylcholine **Noradrenaline stimulates the following receptors except:** - a1 - a2 - B1 - **B2** **Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter in the following sites except:** - Sympathetic ganglia - Parasympathetic ganglia - Postganglionic sympathetic nerve - **Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve** **Adrenaline is used in which of the following disorders?** - Hypertension - Angina - **Anaphylactic shock** - Arrhythmia