Annonaceae Family PDF

ANNONACEAE Class: Dicotyledons Sub class: Polypetalae Series: Thalamiflorae Order: Ranales Family Annonaceae Annonaceae, the custard apple, or annona, family, the largest family of the order Ranales with 129 genera and about 2,120 species. The family is widely distributed in the tropical regions...

ANNONACEAE Class: Dicotyledons Sub class: Polypetalae Series: Thalamiflorae Order: Ranales Family Annonaceae Annonaceae, the custard apple, or annona, family, the largest family of the order Ranales with 129 genera and about 2,120 species. The family is widely distributed in the tropical regions of the world. Some genera are also found in the temperate climates. Habit Trees, shrubs or lianas. Artabotrys climbs by means of hooks. Oil ducts present in the bark, leaves and perianth leaves. Terrestrial and perennial. Evergreen, deciduous, cultivated as well as wild. Phyllotaxy Alternate Stem: Erect, branched, solid, woody, sometimes woody climbers. Leaves – Simple, entire, exstipulate, distichous, gland dotted. B. Floral characters: Inflorescence: Often solitary, axillary, sometimes cauliflorous in groups. Flower: Actinomorphic but zygomorphic in Monodora due to difference in size of petals, bisexual, unisexual in Stelechocarpus, complete, trimerous, hypogynous, perigynous (Eupomatia) spirocyclic, often aromatic. Calyx: Sepals 3, polysepalous, connate at the base, valvate. Corolla: Petals 6 in two whorls of 3 each, valvate or slightly imbricate. Sometimes no distinction into sepals and petals so perianth in 3 or more whorls of 3 each. Thick and fleshy. Androecium: Stamens numerous spirally arranged on the axis which forms a large convex receptacle, filament short and thick, anthers long, extrorse, truncate connective, dithecous (bilobed) anther. The anther is terminated by an elongated hood like connective. Gynoecium: Carpels numerous or a few, usually free, spirally arranged on the raised receptacle, apocarpous, superior, unicarpellary, unilocular, marginal placentation. ovules one to many, style short or none, stigma small. Fruit: An aggregate of berries, united to form a single compound fruit (Annona squamosa). Hood Seed: Large, numerous, often embedded in a copious, white fleshy pulp, endospermic. ANTHER Pollination: Entomophilous, due to gaudy and scented flowers. Connecti ve TEPAL STAMENS CARPELS Carpel s STAMEN S stamens carpels Economic Importance of Annonaceae: 1. Food: The fleshy fruits of various Annona specifics are juicy and edible, and also used in preparation of soft drinks and jellies. Recent analysis shows that they contain about 18 per cent sugar. Edible fruits are also obtained from various species of Annona and Asimina. 2. Timber: Bocagea virgata, B. laurifolia, Cyathocalyx zeylanicus, Duguetia quitarensis, Oxandra lanceolata and Eupomatia laurina yield useful timber. 3. Oil: The flowers of Desmos chinensis furnish ‘Macassar oil’ a perfume. The perfume is also obtained from Mkilua fragrans 4. Fibre: The bark of Goniothalamus wightii produces strong fibres 5. Ornamental: Artabotrys odoratissimus and Annona discolor are grown in garden for their scented flowers. Desmes chinensis is an ornamental tree, Polyalthia longifolia are ornamental trees and are grown in parks 6. The wood of Polyalthia fragans is used for making cricket stumps. 7. Oil is extracted from the seed of Annona reticulata is used in insecticides and soap making Common plants of the family: 1. Annona squamosa L. – (H. Sarifa or sitafal) custard apple or sugar apple – well known fruit tree. 2. Annona reticulata L. – Bastard apple or Bullock’s heart – a fruit tree. 3. Artabotrys uncinata – A small climbing shrub with hooked peduncles – and glabarous leaves. 4. Cyathocalyx zeylanicus (H. Hari Champa) – A tall tree with deflexed or horizontal branches. 5. Polyalthia longifolia – The“Ashok” An ornamental tree. 6. Uvaria cordata (Dunal) – Alston is a climber noted for its cordate leaves and red flowers. 1. Annona squamosa Habit: A small tree. Root: Tap, branched. Stem: Aerial, woody, branched. Leaf: Simple, alternate, exstipulate, entire, oblanceolate, obtuse. Inflorescence: Axillary, two or more flowers arise in the axil of each leaf. Flower: Bracteate, bisexual, complete, actinomorphic, spirocyclic, hypogynous. Calyx: Sepals three, polysepalous, united at the base, valvate. Corolla: Petals three, polypetalous, fleshy, pale-yellow, valvate. Androecium: Stamens numerous, spirally arranged on a conical receptacle, filaments short, anthets oblong, adnated, and appendaged. Gynoecium: Multicarpellary, apocarpous, spirally arranged, superior, each unilocular, ovule one, marginal placentation, style short, stigma long, tapering, papillose. Fruit: An etario of berries.  Canaga Annona reticulata odorata Artabotrys uncinata Annona squamosa (custard Cyathocalyx Polyalthia longifolia zeylanicus Uvaria cordata