ICAO Annex 11 Air Traffic Services PDF
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This document is a publication from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regarding air traffic services. It details international standards and recommended practices for air traffic services, including air traffic control, flight information, and alerting services.
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International Standards and Recommended Practices Annex 11 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Air Traffic Services Air Traffic Control Service...
International Standards and Recommended Practices Annex 11 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Air Traffic Services Air Traffic Control Service Flight Information Service Alerting Service Fifteenth Edition, July 2018 This edition supersedes, on 8 November 2018, all previous editions of Annex 11. For information regarding the applicability of the Standards and Recommended Practices, see Foreword. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION International Standards and Recommended Practices Annex 11 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Air Traffic Services Air Traffic Control Service Flight Information Service Alerting Service Fifteenth Edition, July 2018 This edition supersedes, on 8 November 2018, all previous editions of Annex 11. For information regarding the applicability of the Standards and Recommended Practices, see Foreword. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int First edition 1950 Fourteenth edition 2016 Fifteenth edition 2018 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Order Number: AN 11 ISBN 978-92-9258-481-8 © ICAO 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Products and Services Catalogue; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA Date Date Entered Date Date Entered No. applicable entered by No. of issue entered by 1-51 Incorporated in this edition 52 5/11/20 — ICAO (iii) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD....................................................................................................................................................... (ix) CHAPTER 1. Definitions................................................................................................................................. 1-1 CHAPTER 2. General...................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Establishment of authority.................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Objectives of the air traffic services................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3 Divisions of the air traffic services..................................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Determination of the need for air traffic services............................................................................... 2-3 2.5 Designation of the portions of the airspace and controlled aerodromes where air traffic services will be provided.......................................................................................... 2-3 2.6 Classification of airspaces.................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.7 Performance-based navigation (PBN) operations............................................................................... 2-5 2.8 Performance-based communication (PBC) operations....................................................................... 2-5 2.9 Performance-based surveillance (PBS) operations............................................................................. 2-5 2.10 Establishment and designation of the units providing air traffic services........................................... 2-6 2.11 Specifications for flight information regions, control areas and control zones................................... 2-6 2.12 Identification of air traffic services units and airspaces...................................................................... 2-8 2.13 Establishment and identification of ATS routes................................................................................. 2-8 2.14 Establishment of change-over points.................................................................................................. 2-9 2.15 Establishment and identification of significant points........................................................................ 2-9 2.16 Establishment and identification of standard routes for taxiing aircraft............................................. 2-9 2.17 Coordination between the operator and air traffic services................................................................ 2-10 2.18 Coordination between military authorities and air traffic services..................................................... 2-10 2.19 Coordination of activities potentially hazardous to civil aircraft........................................................ 2-10 2.20 Aeronautical data................................................................................................................................ 2-11 2.21 Coordination between meteorological and air traffic services authorities.......................................... 2-12 2.22 Coordination between aeronautical information services and air traffic services authorities............. 2-12 2.23 Minimum flight altitudes.................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.24 Service to aircraft in the event of an emergency................................................................................. 2-13 2.25 In-flight contingencies........................................................................................................................ 2-14 2.26 Time in air traffic services.................................................................................................................. 2-16 2.27 Establishment of requirements for carriage and operation of pressure-altitude reporting transponders........................................................................................................................ 2-16 2.28 Fatigue management.......................................................................................................................... 2-16 2.29 Safety management............................................................................................................................. 2-18 2.30 Common reference systems................................................................................................................ 2-18 2.31 Language proficiency......................................................................................................................... 2-18 2.32 Contingency arrangements................................................................................................................. 2-19 2.33 Identification and delineation of prohibited, restricted and danger areas........................................... 2-19 2.34 Instrument flight procedure design service......................................................................................... 2-19 ANNEX 11 (v) 5/11/20 8/11/18 No. 52 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Table of Contents Page CHAPTER 3. Air traffic control service......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Application......................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Provision of air traffic control service................................................................................................ 3-1 3.3 Operation of air traffic control service................................................................................................ 3-1 3.4 Separation minima.............................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.5 Responsibility for control................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.6 Transfer of responsibility for control.................................................................................................. 3-4 3.7 Air traffic control clearances.............................................................................................................. 3-6 3.8 Control of persons and vehicles at aerodromes.................................................................................. 3-9 3.9 Provision of radar and ADS-B............................................................................................................ 3-10 3.10 Use of surface movement radar (SMR).............................................................................................. 3-10 CHAPTER 4. Flight information service........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Application......................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Scope of flight information service.................................................................................................... 4-1 4.3 Operational flight information service broadcasts.............................................................................. 4-2 4.4 VOLMET broadcasts and D-VOLMET service................................................................................. 4-10 CHAPTER 5. Alerting service......................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Application......................................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Notification of rescue coordination centres........................................................................................ 5-1 5.3 Use of communication facilities......................................................................................................... 5-3 5.4 Plotting aircraft in a state of emergency............................................................................................. 5-3 5.5 Information to the operator................................................................................................................. 5-3 5.6 Information to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aircraft in a state of emergency...................... 5-3 CHAPTER 6. Air traffic services requirements for communications.......................................................... 6-1 6.1 Aeronautical mobile service (air-ground communications)................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Aeronautical fixed service (ground-ground communications)............................................................ 6-2 6.3 Surface movement control service...................................................................................................... 6-6 6.4 Aeronautical radio navigation service................................................................................................ 6-6 CHAPTER 7. Air traffic services requirements for information................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Meteorological information................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Information on aerodrome conditions and the operational status of associated facilities................... 7-3 7.3 Information on the operational status of navigation services.............................................................. 7-3 7.4 Information on unmanned free balloons............................................................................................. 7-4 7.5 Information concerning volcanic activity........................................................................................... 7-4 7.6 Information concerning radioactive materials and toxic chemical “clouds”...................................... 7-4 8/11/18 (vi) Table of Contents Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Page APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. Principles governing the identification of navigation specifications and the identification of ATS routes other than standard departure and arrival routes.............................. APP 1-1 1. Designators for ATS routes and navigation specifications...................................................................... APP 1-1 2. Composition of designator...................................................................................................................... APP 1-2 3. Assignment of basic designators............................................................................................................. APP 1-3 4. Use of designators in communications.................................................................................................... APP 1-3 APPENDIX 2. Principles governing the establishment and identification of significant points................ APP 2-1 1. Establishment of significant points.......................................................................................................... APP 2-1 2. Designators for significant points marked by the site of a radio navigation aid...................................... APP 2-1 3. Designators for significant points not marked by the site of a radio navigation aid................................ APP 2-2 4. Use of designators in communications.................................................................................................... APP 2-3 5. Significant points used for reporting purposes........................................................................................ APP 2-3 APPENDIX 3. Principles governing the identification of standard departure and arrival routes and associated procedures....................................................................................................................... APP 3-1 1. Designators for standard departure and arrival routes and associated procedures................................... APP 3-1 2. Composition of designators..................................................................................................................... APP 3-2 3. Assignment of designators...................................................................................................................... APP 3-2 4. Assignment of validity indicators............................................................................................................ APP 3-3 5. Examples of plain language and coded designators................................................................................ APP 3-3 6. Composition of designators for MLS/RNAV approach procedures........................................................ APP 3-4 7. Use of designators in communications.................................................................................................... APP 3-5 8. Display of routes and procedures to air traffic control............................................................................ APP 3-5 APPENDIX 4. ATS airspace classes — services provided and flight requirements................................... APP 4-1 APPENDIX 5. Prescriptive fatigue management regulations...................................................................... APP 5-1 APPENDIX 6. Fatigue risk management system (FRMS) requirements................................................... APP 6-1 1. FRMS policy and documentation............................................................................................................ APP 6-1 2. Fatigue risk management processes........................................................................................................ APP 6-2 3. FRMS safety assurance processes........................................................................................................... APP 6-4 4. FRMS promotion processes.................................................................................................................... APP 6-4 APPENDIX 7. State responsibilities concerning an instrument flight procedure design service.............. APP 7-1 ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT A. Material relating to a method of establishing ATS routes defined by VOR............. ATT A-1 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................. ATT A-1 2. Determination of VOR system performance values................................................................................ ATT A-1 3. Determination of protected airspace along VOR-defined routes............................................................. ATT A-1 (vii) 5/11/20 8/11/18 No. 52 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Table of Contents Page 4. Spacing of parallel routes defined by VORs........................................................................................... ATT A-6 5. Spacing of adjacent VOR-defined routes that are not parallel................................................................. ATT A-8 6. Change-over points for VORs................................................................................................................. ATT A-8 7. Calculation of radius of turn.................................................................................................................... ATT A-9 ATTACHMENT B. Traffic information broadcasts by aircraft (TIBA) and related operating procedures........................................................................................................................................... ATT B-1 1. Introduction and applicability of broadcasts............................................................................................ ATT B-1 2. Details of broadcasts................................................................................................................................ ATT B-1 3. Related operating procedures.................................................................................................................. ATT B-4 ATTACHMENT C. Material relating to contingency planning................................................................... ATT C-1 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................. ATT C-1 2. Status of contingency plans..................................................................................................................... ATT C-1 3. Responsibility for developing, promulgating and implementing contingency plans............................... ATT C-2 4. Preparatory action.................................................................................................................................... ATT C-2 5. Coordination............................................................................................................................................ ATT C-3 6. Development, promulgation and application of contingency plans......................................................... ATT C-4 _____________________ 8/11/18 (viii) FOREWORD Historical background In October 1945, the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control (RAC) Division at its first session made recommendations for Standards, Practices and Procedures for Air Traffic Control. These were reviewed by the then Air Navigation Committee and approved by the Council on 25 February 1946. They were published as Recommendations for Standards, Practices and Procedures — Air Traffic Control in the second part of Doc 2010, published in February 1946. The RAC Division, at its second session in December 1946 – January 1947, reviewed Doc 2010 and proposed Standards and Recommended Practices for Air Traffic Control. It did not appear possible, however, to finalize those Standards prior to basic principles being established by the RAC Division for the organization of the relevant services. These were established by the RAC Division at its third session in April – May 1948 and a draft Annex was thereafter submitted to States. This was adopted by the Council on 18 May 1950, pursuant to Article 37 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago, 1944), and designated as Annex 11 to the Convention with the title International Standards and Recommended Practices — Air Traffic Services. It became effective on 1 October 1950. This new title — Air Traffic Services — was preferred to the title Air Traffic Control, in order to make it clear that air traffic control service was a part of the services covered by Annex 11, together with flight information service and alerting service. Table A shows the origin of subsequent amendments, together with a list of the principal subjects involved and the dates on which the Annex and the amendments were adopted by the Council, when they became effective and when they became applicable. Applicability The Standards and Recommended Practices in this document, together with the Standards in Annex 2, govern the application of the Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management (Doc 4444, PANS-ATM) and the Regional Supplementary Procedures — Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services, contained in Doc 7030, in which latter document will be found subsidiary procedures of regional application. Annex 11 pertains to the establishment of airspace, units and services necessary to promote a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic. A clear distinction is made between air traffic control service, flight information service and alerting service. Its purpose, together with Annex 2, is to ensure that flying on international air routes is carried out under uniform conditions designed to improve the safety and efficiency of air operation. The Standards and Recommended Practices in Annex 11 apply in those parts of the airspace under the jurisdiction of a Contracting State wherein air traffic services are provided and also wherever a Contracting State accepts the responsibility of providing air traffic services over the high seas or in airspace of undetermined sovereignty. A Contracting State accepting such responsibility may apply the Standards and Recommended Practices in a manner consistent with that adopted for airspace under its jurisdiction. ANNEX 11 (ix) 8/11/18 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Foreword Action by Contracting States Notification of differences. The attention of Contracting States is drawn to the obligation imposed by Article 38 of the Convention by which Contracting States are required to notify the Organization of any differences between their national regulations and practices and the International Standards contained in this Annex and any amendments thereto. Contracting States are invited to extend such notification to any differences from the Recommended Practices contained in this Annex, and any amendments thereto, when the notification of such differences is important for the safety of air navigation. Further, Contracting States are invited to keep the Organization currently informed of any differences which may subsequently occur, or of the withdrawal of any differences previously notified. A specific request for notification of differences will be sent to Contracting States immediately after the adoption of each amendment to this Annex. Attention of States is also drawn to the provisions of Annex 15 related to the publication of differences between their national regulations and practices and the related ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices through the Aeronautical Information Service, in addition to the obligation of States under Article 38 of the Convention. Promulgation of information. Information relating to the establishment and withdrawal of, and changes to, facilities, services and procedures affecting aircraft operations provided according to the Standards specified in this Annex should be notified and take effect in accordance with Annex 15. Use of the text of the Annex in national regulations. The Council, on 13 April 1948, adopted a resolution inviting the attention of Contracting States to the desirability of using in their own national regulations, as far as practicable, the precise language of those ICAO Standards that are of a regulatory character and also of indicating departures from the Standards, including any additional national regulations that were important for the safety or regularity of air navigation. Wherever possible, the provisions of this Annex have been written in such a way as would facilitate incorporation, without major textual changes, into national legislation. Status of Annex components An Annex is made up of the following component parts, not all of which, however, are necessarily found in every Annex; they have the status indicated: 1. — Material comprising the Annex proper: a) Standards and Recommended Practices adopted by the Council under the provisions of the Convention. They are defined as follows: Standard. Any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, matériel, performance, personnel or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation and to which Contracting States will conform in accordance with the Convention; in the event of impossibility of compliance, notification to the Council is compulsory under Article 38. Recommended Practice. Any specification for physical characteristics, configuration, matériel, performance, personnel or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognized as desirable in the interests of safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation, and to which Contracting States will endeavour to conform in accordance with the Convention. b) Appendices comprising material grouped separately for convenience but forming part of the Standards and Recommended Practices adopted by the Council. 8/11/18 (x) Foreword Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services c) Definitions of terms used in the Standards and Recommended Practices which are not self-explanatory in that they do not have accepted dictionary meanings. A definition does not have an independent status but is an essential part of each Standard and Recommended Practice in which the term is used, since a change in the meaning of the term would affect the specification. d) Tables and figures which add to or illustrate a Standard or Recommended Practice and which are referred to therein, form part of the associated Standard or Recommended Practice and have the same status. 2. — Material approved by the Council for publication in association with the Standards and Recommended Practices: a) Forewords comprising historical and explanatory material based on the action of the Council and including an explanation of the obligations of States with regard to the application of the Standards and Recommended Practices ensuing from the Convention and the Resolution of Adoption. b) Introductions comprising explanatory material introduced at the beginning of parts, chapters or sections of the Annex to assist in the understanding of the application of the text. c) Notes included in the text, where appropriate, to give factual information or references bearing on the Standards or Recommended Practices in question, but not constituting part of the Standards or Recommended Practices. d) Attachments comprising material supplementary to the Standards and Recommended Practices, or included as a guide to their application. Selection of language This Annex has been adopted in six languages — English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish. Each Contracting State is requested to select one of those texts for the purpose of national implementation and for other effects provided for in the Convention, either through direct use or through translation into its own national language, and to notify the Organization accordingly. Editorial practices The following practice has been adhered to in order to indicate at a glance the status of each statement: Standards have been printed in light face roman; Recommended Practices have been printed in light face italics, the status being indicated by the prefix Recommendation; Notes have been printed in light face italics, the status being indicated by the prefix Note. It is to be noted that in the English text the following practice has been adhered to when writing the specifications: Standards employ the operative verb “shall”, while Recommended Practices employ the operative verb “should”. The units of measurement used in this document are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) as specified in Annex 5 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Where Annex 5 permits the use of non-SI alternative units these are shown in parentheses following the basic units. Where two sets of units are quoted it must not be assumed that the pairs of values are equal and interchangeable. It may, however, be inferred that an equivalent level of safety is achieved when either set of units is used exclusively. Any reference to a portion of this document which is identified by a number includes all subdivisions of that portion. In order to maintain a comprehensive edition of this Annex, the latest amendments have been consolidated in a new edition of the Annex. In so doing, provisions with particular applicability dates have been adjusted editorially, as appropriate. (xi) 8/11/18 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Foreword Table A. Amendments to Annex 11 Adopted/approved Effective Amendment(s) Source(s) Subject(s) Applicable 1st Edition Rules of the Air and International Standards and Recommended Practices — Air Traffic Services. 18 May 1950 Air Traffic Control (RAC) 1 October 1950 Division, Third Session 1 June 1951 (1948) 1 to 6 Rules of the Air and Aerodrome traffic; transfer of control; contents of clearance; distress phase; 27 November 1951 (2nd Edition) Air Traffic Control (RAC) requirements for communications; upper flight information regions and 1 April 1952 Division, Fourth upper control areas; vertical separation. 1 September 1952 Session (1950) 7 Air Navigation Deletion of guidance material on the dissemination of information on ATS 22 February 1956 Commission facilities. — — 8 Second Air Navigation Definitions; establishment of authority; designations of airspace; separation 11 May 1956 (3rd Edition) Conference (1955) of aircraft; requirements for communications; requirements for 15 September 1956 meteorological information; determination and establishment of controlled 1 December 1956 airspaces; diagrams of communications. 9 Rules of the Air, Air Traffic Definitions; objectives of air traffic services; designations of airspace and 8 December 1959 (4th Edition) Services and Search and controlled aerodromes; specifications for airspace; air traffic control service; 1 May 1960 Rescue (RAC/SAR) alerting service; requirements for communications; determination and 1 August 1960 Divisions (1958) establishment of controlled airspaces, naming of reporting points; automation of air traffic control. 10 Panel for Coordinating SIGMET information; delegation and application of flight information 2 December 1960 Procedures Respecting the service; requirements for meteorological information. 1 April 1961 Supply of Information for 1 July 1961 Air Operations (1959) 11 Air Navigation Deletion of guidance material illustrating the depiction on charts of air 26 June 1961 Commission traffic services information. — — 12 Air Navigation Guidance material relating to the selection of designators for routes within 15 December 1961 Commission controlled airspace. — — 13 Air Navigation Notification of rescue coordination centres during uncertainty, alert and 13 April 1962 Commission distress phases. 1 August 1962 1 November 1962 14 Air Navigation Requirements for other aircraft in the vicinity of an aircraft in a state of 19 June 1964 Commission emergency to be informed of the nature of emergency. 1 November 1964 1 February 1965 15 Rules of the Air, Air Application of vertical separation for flights above FL 290; provision of air 17 March 1965 (5th Edition) Traffic Services/ traffic control service to VFR flights; delineation of airspace; vertical limits 29 March 1966 Operations (RAC/OPS) of flight information regions; ATS routes and reporting point designators; 25 August 1966 Divisional Meeting coordination with operators; methods of separation; requirements for (1963); Air Navigation communications; guidance material on the determination and establishment Commission of controlled airspace. 8/11/18 (xii) Foreword Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Adopted/approved Effective Amendment(s) Source(s) Subject(s) Applicable 16 Air Traffic Control Transfer of responsibility for control; control of air traffic flow. 7 June 1967 Automation Panel 5 October 1967 (ATCAP), Fifth Meeting 8 February 1968 (1966) 17 Fifth Air Navigation Air traffic services reporting office and its communication requirements; 23 January 1969 Conference (1967) clearances and separation; scope of the flight information service; 23 May 1969 communications for control of vehicles at aerodromes; ATS requirements 18 September 1969 for meteorological information; information on aerodrome conditions and operational status of navigation aids. 18 Sixth Air Navigation Definitions; terminology for designating controlled airspace; vertical limits 25 May 1970 (6th Edition) Conference (1969); Air of ATS airspaces; minimum flight altitudes; establishment and application 25 September 1970 Navigation Commission of separation minima; clearances and separation; standard departure and 4 February 1971 arrival routes; establishment and identification of reporting points and reporting lines; provision of flight information service to IFR flights over water areas; establishment of air-ground communications for ATS purposes. 19 Air Navigation Authority over aircraft over the high seas; SIGMET information. 15 November 1972 Commission 15 March 1973 16 August 1973 20 Seventh Air Navigation Definitions; area navigation (RNAV); designators for ATS routes and 23 March 1973 Conference (1972) reporting points. 30 July 1973 23 May 1974 21 Council action in Practices to be followed by ATS units in the event that an aircraft is 7 December 1973 pursuance of Assembly subjected to unlawful interference. 7 April 1974 Resolutions A17-10 and 23 May 1974 A18-10 22 Technical Panel on Clearance for transonic acceleration and deceleration of supersonic flights; 4 February 1975 Supersonic Transport cooperation between military authorities and air traffic services and 4 June 1975 Operations (SSTP), requirements for communications. 9 October 1975 Fourth Meeting (1973); Air Navigation Commission 23 Air Navigation Use of SSR code 7500 in the event of unlawful interference; requirements 12 December 1975 Commission for communications between ATS units and meteorological offices. 12 April 1976 12 August 1976 24 Air Navigation Definitions; time-keeping accuracy. 7 April 1976 Commission 7 August 1976 30 December 1976 25 Ninth Air Navigation Definitions; VOR change-over points; identification of ATS routes; 7 December 1977 (7th Edition) Conference (1976) establishment and identification of significant points; flight information 7 April 1978 service; ATS requirements for information. 10 August 1978 26 Air Navigation Designation of standard departure and arrival routes. 3 December 1979 Commission 3 April 1980 27 November 1980 27 Air Navigation Coordination of activities constituting a potential hazard to flights of civil 4 March 1981 Commission aircraft; unmanned free balloons. 4 July 1981 26 November 1981 (xiii) 8/11/18 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Foreword Adopted/approved Effective Amendment(s) Source(s) Subject(s) Applicable 28 Air Navigation Requirements for communications between ATS units and military units. 1 April 1981 Commission 1 August 1981 26 November 1981 29 Operational Flight Provision of integrated AIS, ATS, MET and other pertinent operational 2 April 1982 Information Service information to aircraft in flight; composite separation; automatic recording 2 August 1982 (OFIS) Panel, Second of radar data; traffic information broadcasts by aircraft. 25 November 1982 Meeting (1980); Review of the General Concept of Separation Panel (RGCSP), Fourth Meeting (1980); Air Navigation Commission 30 ATS Data Acquisition, ATS requirements for communications; marking of surface wind indicators; 16 March 1983 Processing and Transfer surface movement guidance and control systems; units of measurement; 29 July 1983 (ADAPT) Panel, Third definitions. 24 November 1983 Meeting (1981); AGA Divisional Meeting (1981); Air Navigation Commission 31 Council; Air Navigation Civil-military coordination; in-flight contingencies involving strayed or 12 March 1986 Commission unidentified aircraft and/or interception of civil aircraft; requirements for 27 July 1986 communications; traffic information broadcasts by aircraft. 20 November 1986 32 Review of the General Definitions; Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); volcanic ash warnings; 18 March 1987 (8th Edition) Concept of Separation establishment of ATS routes defined by VOR; deletion of Attachments A, 27 July 1987 Panel (RGCSP), Fifth B, C, D, F and G. 19 November 1987 Meeting (1985); Air Navigation Commission 33 Secretariat; Visual Flight Operation of aircraft in mixed VFR/IFR; ATS requirements for NOTAM 12 March 1990 (9th Edition) Rules Operations Panel, action; surface movement guidance and control; and ATS responsibilities 30 July 1990 Third Meeting (1986); Air regarding acts of unlawful interference. 14 November 1991 Navigation Commission; amendments consequential to the adoption of amendments to Annex 6 34 Secondary Surveillance Definitions; provision of air traffic services irrespective of airborne collision 26 February 1993 Radar Improvements and avoidance system (ACAS) operation. 26 July 1993 Collision Avoidance 11 November 1993 Systems Panel, Fourth Meeting (SICASP/4) (1989) 35 Review of the General Definitions; reduced vertical separation minimum of 300 m (1 000 ft) 18 March 1994 (10th Edition) Concept of Separation vertical separation minimum above FL 290; integration of helicopter traffic 25 July 1994 Panel (RGCSP), Sixth with conventional aeroplane traffic; establishment of ATS routes defined by 10 November 1994 Meeting (1988), Seventh VOR and establishment of ATS routes for use by RNAV-equipped aircraft; Meeting (1990), Eighth required navigation performance; automatic dependent surveillance; Meeting (1993); Automatic provisions relating to the World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) Dependent Surveillance geodetic datum; transmission of information to aircraft on radioactive Panel (ADSP), Second material and toxic chemical “clouds”. Meeting (1992); Air Navigation Commission 8/11/18 (xiv) Foreword Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Adopted/approved Effective Amendment(s) Source(s) Subject(s) Applicable 36 Fourth Meeting of the Pressure-altitude reporting transponders; microwave landing system; 8 March 1996 Secondary Surveillance enroute obstacle clearance criteria. 15 July 1996 Radar Improvements 7 November 1996 and Collision Avoidance Systems Panel (SICASP/4); Thirteenth and Fourteenth Meetings of the All Weather Operations Panel (AWOP/13 and 14); Tenth Meeting of the Obstacle Clearance Panel (OCP/10) 37 Air Navigation Commission; Aeronautical databases; AIRMET information; wind shear. 20 March 1997 (11th Edition) Amendment 70 to 21 July 1997 Annex 3 6 November 1997 38 Automatic Dependent Definitions; automatic dependent surveillance systems and procedures; data 19 March 1998 (12th Edition) Surveillance Panel, Fourth interchange between automated ATS systems; ATS applications for air- 20 July 1998 Meeting (1996); Review of ground data links; separation between aircraft; RNP and RNAV for en-route 5 November 1998 the General Concept of operations; requirements for the uplink of OPMET information to aircraft in Separation Panel, Ninth flight; volcanic ash advisories; Human Factors. Meeting (1996); Amendment 71 to Annex 3; Air Navigation Commission 39 Air Navigation Commission ATS airspace classifications; visual meteorological conditions; and 10 March 1999 minimum safe altitude warning. 19 July 1999 4 November 1999 40 Air Navigation Commission; Definitions; ATS safety management; ADS to indicate state of aircraft 12 March 2001 (13th Edition) Fifth Meeting of the emergency; flexible use of airspace; minimum flight altitudes; terrain 16 July 2001 Automatic Dependent clearance during radar vectoring; downstream clearance delivery service; 1 November 2001 Surveillance Panel transfer of responsibility for control; read-back of clearances; air traffic flow (ADSP/5); Thirty-ninth management; automatic terminal information service; VOLMET and Meeting of the European Air D-VOLMET; equipment in ATS units and criteria for indicators(s) for RVR Navigation Planning Group values; editorial amendments. (EANPG); Twelfth Meeting of the Obstacle Clearance Panel (OCP/12); Amendments 25, 20 and 7 to Annex 6, Parts I, II and III, respectively; Secretariat 41 Tenth meeting of the Review Spacing between parallel area navigation (RNAV) routes; and notification 21 February 2002 of the General Concept of of dangerous goods information to rescue coordination centres (RCCs). 15 July 2002 Separation Panel 28 November 2002 (RGCSP/10); Seventeenth meeting of the Dangerous Goods Panel (DGP/17) 42 Laser Emitters and Flight Laser beam emissions; language proficiency requirements; and air traffic 7 March 2003 Safety Study Group; contingency measures. 14 July 2003 Secretariat; the Proficiency 27 November 2003 Requirements in Common English Study Group; Air Navigation Commission (xv) 8/11/18 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Foreword Adopted/approved Effective Amendment(s) Source(s) Subject(s) Applicable 43 Secretariat; Aeronautical Definitions; use of surface movement radar; ATS requirements for 2 March 2005 Information communications; meteorology information; height-keeping performance by 11 July 2005 Services/Aeronautical Charts aircraft; ATS safety management; electronic terrain and obstacle data; 24 November 2005 (AIS/MAP) Divisional editorial amendments. Meeting (1998) 44 35th Session of the ICAO ATS safety management; recording devices. 14 March 2006 Assembly; Eleventh Air 17 July 2006 Navigation Conference; Air 23 November 2006 Navigation Commission 45 Air Navigation Commission Definitions and associated procedures for ADS-B, ADS-C and RCP; 26 February 2007 coordination procedures between ATS and other entities; name-code 16 July 2007 designators; introduction of wind shear alerts. 22 November 2007 46 Secretariat with the Definitions and Standards to align required navigation performance (RNP) 10 March 2008 assistance of the RNPSOR and area navigation (RNAV) terminology with the performance-based 20 July 2008 Study Group; Report of the navigation (PBN) concept; make use of the latest GNSS terminology. 20 November 2008 third meeting of the NSP Working Group of the Whole 47-A Secretariat; Instrument Amendment to definitions; waypoint naming convention; air traffic services; 2 March 2009 Flight Procedures Panel first and public health emergencies. 20 July 2009 working group of the whole 19 November 2009 meeting (IFPP-WG/WHL/1) 47-B Secretariat Amendment to definitions; safety management system. 2 March 2009 20 July 2009 18 November 2010 48 Secretariat; Separation and Amendment to definitions and an abbreviation; reduced vertical separation 7 March 2012 Airspace Safety Panel minimum (RVSM) monitoring; use of fully automatic observing systems for 16 July 2012 (SASP); AIG Divisional the provision of local reports; and enhanced protection of electronic 15 November 2012 Meeting (2008); Aerodrome aeronautical data sets. Meteorological Observation and Forecast Study Group (AMOFSG) 49 Secretariat; AIS to AIM Definitions; safety management system; integrity of aeronautical data; and 25 February 2013 Study Group (AIS-AIMSG); identification and delineation of prohibited, restricted and danger areas. 15 July 2013 Safety Management Panel 14 November 2013 (SMP) 50-A Second meeting of the Provisions concerning performance-based communication and surveillance 22 February 2016 (14th Edition) Operational Data Link Panel (PBCS); regulatory framework on instrument flight procedure design 11 July 2016 (OPLINKP/2); Twelfth service; and consequential amendment concerning aeronautical 10 November 2016 meeting of the Instrument meteorology. Flight Procedures Panel (IFPP/12); Meteorology (MET) Divisional Meeting (2014) (Recommendation 5/1 refers) 8/11/18 (xvi) Foreword Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Adopted/approved Effective Amendment(s) Source(s) Subject(s) Applicable 50-B Twelfth Air Navigation Provisions concerning fatigue management for air traffic controllers. 22 February 2016 Conference (AN-Conf/12, 11 July 2016 Recommendation 6/4) and 5 November 2020 the Secretariat, with the assistance of the Fatigue Risk Management System Task Force (FRMSTF) 51 Twelfth meeting of the Consequential amendment resulting from proposed changes to Annex 15 9 March 2018 (15th Edition) Aeronautical Information and the introduction of PANS-AIM (Doc 10066) concerning change of 16 July 2018 Service (AIS) Aeronautical references, data quality requirements and performance-based data error 8 November 2018 Information Management detection requirements. (AIM) Study Group (AIS-AIMSG/12) 52 Various sources, including Amendment concerning: 9 March 2020 the Task Force on Risks to 20 July 2020 Civil Aviation arising from a) conduct of safety risk assessments for activities potentially hazardous 5 November 2020 Conflict Zones (TF RCZ) to civil aircraft. (C-DEC 203/1) and the Secretariat, and the PANS- b) read-back by drivers of operational vehicles. Aerodromes Study Group (PASG) _____________________ (xvii) 5/11/20 8/11/18 No. 52 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS Note 1.— Throughout the text of this document the term “service” is used as an abstract noun to designate functions, or service rendered; the term “unit” is used to designate a collective body performing a service. Note 2.— The designation (RR) in these definitions indicates a definition which has been extracted from the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (see Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation including statement of approved ICAO policies (Doc 9718)). When the following terms are used in the Standards and Recommended Practices for Air Traffic Services, they have the following meanings: Accepting unit. Air traffic control unit next to take control of an aircraft. Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which: a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of: — being in the aircraft, or — direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft, or — direct exposure to jet blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which: — adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and — would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to a single engine, (including its cowlings or accessories), to propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens, the aircraft skin (such as small dents or puncture holes), or for minor damages to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, landing gear, and those resulting from hail or bird strike (including holes in the radome); or c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible. ANNEX 11 1-1 8/11/18 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 1 Note 1.— For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date of the accident is classified, by ICAO, as a fatal injury. Note 2.— An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated and the wreckage has not been located. Note 3.— The type of unmanned aircraft system to be investigated is addressed in Annex 13, 5.1. Note 4.— Guidance for the determination of aircraft damage can be found in Annex 13, Attachment E. ADS-C agreement. A reporting plan which establishes the conditions of ADS-C data reporting (i.e. data required by the air traffic services unit and frequency of ADS-C reports which have to be agreed to prior to using ADS-C in the provision of air traffic services). Note.— The terms of the agreement will be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft by means of a contract, or a series of contracts. Advisory airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions, or designated route, within which air traffic advisory service is available. Advisory route. A designated route along which air traffic advisory service is available. Aerodrome. A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft. Aerodrome control service. Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic. Aerodrome control tower. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic. Aerodrome traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome. Note.— An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in, entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit. Aeronautical fixed service (AFS). A telecommunication service between specified fixed points provided primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular, efficient and economical operation of air services. Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). A publication issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation. Aeronautical mobile service (RR S1.32). A mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate; emergency position-indicating radio beacon stations may also participate in this service on designated distress and emergency frequencies. Aeronautical telecommunication station. A station in the aeronautical telecommunication service. Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which operates independently of ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders. Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface. 8/11/18 1-2 Chapter 1 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Air-ground communication. Two-way communication between aircraft and stations or locations on the surface of the earth. AIRMET information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations and which was not already included in the forecast issued for low-level flights in the flight information region concerned or sub-area thereof. Air-taxiing. Movement of a helicopter/VTOL above the surface of an aerodrome, normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally less than 37 km/h (20 kt). Note.— The actual height may vary, and some helicopters may require air-taxiing above 8 m (25 ft) AGL to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clearance for cargo slingloads. Air traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome. Air traffic advisory service. A service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans. Air traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit. Note 1.— For convenience, the term “air traffic control clearance” is frequently abbreviated to “clearance” when used in appropriate contexts. Note 2.— The abbreviated term “clearance” may be prefixed by the words “taxi,” “take-off,” “departure,” “en route,” “approach” or “landing” to indicate the particular portion of flight to which the air traffic control clearance relates. Air traffic control service. A service provided for the purpose of: a) preventing collisions: 1) between aircraft, and 2) on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic. Air traffic control unit. A generic term meaning variously, area control centre, approach control unit or aerodrome control tower. Air traffic controller schedule. A plan for allocating air traffic controller duty periods and non-duty periods over a period of time, otherwise referred to as a roster. Air traffic flow management (ATFM). A service established with the objective of contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring that ATC capacity is utilized to the maximum extent possible and that the traffic volume is compatible with the capacities declared by the appropriate ATS authority. Air traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control service). 1-3 5/11/20 8/11/18 No. 52 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 1 Air traffic services airspaces. Airspaces of defined dimensions, alphabetically designated, within which specific types of flights may operate and for which air traffic services and rules of operation are specified. Note.— ATS airspaces are classified as Class A to G as described in 2.6. Air traffic services reporting office. A unit established for the purpose of receiving reports concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted before departure. Note.— An air traffic services reporting office may be established as a separate unit or combined with an existing unit, such as another air traffic services unit, or a unit of the aeronautical information service. Air traffic services unit. A generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office. Airway. A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor. ALERFA. The code word used to designate an alert phase. Alerting service. A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required. Alert phase. A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants. Alternate aerodrome. An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing where the necessary services and facilities are available, where aircraft performance requirements can be met and which is operational at the expected time of use. Alternate aerodromes include the following: Take-off alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the aerodrome of departure. En-route alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land in the event that a diversion becomes necessary while en route. Destination alternate. An alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft would be able to land should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended landing. Note.— The aerodrome from which a flight departs may also be an en-route or a destination alternate aerodrome for that flight. Altitude. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level. Approach control service. Air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights. Approach control unit. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes. Appropriate ATS authority. The relevant authority designated by the State responsible for providing air traffic services in the airspace concerned. Apron. A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance. 8/11/18 1-4 Chapter 1 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Apron management service. A service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on an apron. Area control centre. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction. Area control service. Air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas. Area navigation (RNAV). A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these. Note.— Area navigation includes performance-based navigation as well as other operations that do not meet the definition of performance-based navigation. Area navigation route. An ATS route established for the use of aircraft capable of employing area navigation. ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services. Note 1.— The term “ATS route” is used to mean variously, airway, advisory route, controlled or uncontrolled route, arrival or departure route, etc. Note 2.— An ATS route is defined by route specifications which include an ATS route designator, the track to or from significant points (waypoints), distance between significant points, reporting requirements and, as determined by the appropriate ATS authority, the lowest safe altitude. Automatic dependent surveillance — broadcast (ADS-B). A means by which aircraft, aerodrome vehicles and other objects can automatically transmit and/or receive data such as identification, position and additional data, as appropriate, in a broadcast mode via a data link. Automatic dependent surveillance — contract (ADS-C). A means by which the terms of an ADS-C agreement will be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft, via a data link, specifying under what conditions ADS-C reports would be initiated, and what data would be contained in the reports. Note.— The abbreviated term “ADS contract” is commonly used to refer to ADS event contract, ADS demand contract, ADS periodic contract or an emergency mode. Automatic terminal information service (ATIS). The automatic provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft throughout 24 hours or a specified portion thereof: Data link-automatic terminal information service (D-ATIS). The provision of ATIS via data link. Voice-automatic terminal information service (Voice-ATIS). The provision of ATIS by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts. Base turn. A turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between the end of the outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track. The tracks are not reciprocal. Note.— Base turns may be designated as being made either in level flight or while descending, according to the circumstances of each individual procedure. 1-5 8/11/18 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 1 Calendar. Discrete temporal reference system that provides the basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day (ISO 19108*). Change-over point. The point at which an aircraft navigating on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary navigational reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of the aircraft. Note.— Change-over points are established to provide the optimum balance in respect of signal strength and quality between facilities at all levels to be used and to ensure a common source of azimuth guidance for all aircraft operating along the same portion of a route segment. Clearance limit. The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance. Conference communications. Communication facilities whereby direct speech conversation may be conducted between three or more locations simultaneously. Control area. A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth. Controlled aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic. Note.— The term “controlled aerodrome” indicates that air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic but does not necessarily imply that a control zone exists. Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Note.— Controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ATS airspace Classes A, B, C, D and E as described in 2.6. Controlled flight. Any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance. Controller-pilot data link communications (CPDLC). A means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications. Control zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit. Cruising level. A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight. Cyclic redundancy check (CRC). A mathematical algorithm applied to the digital expression of data that provides a level of assurance against loss or alteration of data. Danger area. An airspace of defined dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may exist at specified times. Data accuracy. A degree of conformance between the estimated or measured value and the true value. Data integrity (assurance level). A degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost or altered since the origination or authorized amendment. Data link communications. A form of communication intended for the exchange of messages via a data link. * All ISO Standards are listed at the end of this chapter. 8/11/18 1-6 Chapter 1 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Data quality. A degree or level of confidence that the data provided meets the requirements of the data user in terms of accuracy, resolution and integrity (or equivalent assurance level), traceability, timeliness, completeness and format. Datum. Any quantity or set of quantities that may serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities (ISO 19104*). Declared capacity. A measure of the ability of the ATC system or any of its subsystems or operating positions to provide service to aircraft during normal activities. It is expressed as the number of aircraft entering a specified portion of airspace in a given period of time, taking due account of weather, ATC unit configuration, staff and equipment available, and any other factors that may affect the workload of the controller responsible for the airspace. DETRESFA. The code word used to designate a distress phase. Distress phase. A situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require immediate assistance. Downstream clearance. A clearance issued to an aircraft by an air traffic control unit that is not the current controlling authority of that aircraft. Duty. Any task that an air traffic controller is required by an air traffic services provider to perform. These tasks include those performed during time-in-position, administrative work and training. Duty period. A period which starts when an air traffic controller is required by an air traffic services provider to report for or to commence a duty and ends when that person is free from all duties. Emergency phase. A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert phase or distress phase. Fatigue. A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting from sleep loss, extended wakefulness, circadian phase, and/or workload (mental and/or physical activity) that can impair a person’s alertness and ability to perform safety-related operational duties. Fatigue risk management system (FRMS). A data-driven means of continuously monitoring and managing fatigue-related safety risks, based upon scientific principles, knowledge and operational experience that aims to ensure relevant personnel are performing at adequate levels of alertness. Final approach. That part of an instrument approach procedure which commences at the specified final approach fix or point, or where such a fix or point is not specified, a) at the end of the last procedure turn, base turn or inbound turn of a racetrack procedure, if specified; or b) at the point of interception of the last track specified in the approach procedure; and ends at a point in the vicinity of an aerodrome from which: 1) a landing can be made; or 2) a missed approach procedure is initiated. Flight crew member. A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight duty period. * All ISO Standards are listed at the end of this chapter. 1-7 5/11/20 8/11/18 No. 52 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 1 Flight information centre. A unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service. Flight information region. An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight information service and alerting service are provided. Flight information service. A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. Flight level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum, 1 013.2 hectopascals (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals. Note 1.— A pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the Standard Atmosphere: a) when set to a QNH altimeter setting, will indicate altitude; b) when set to a QFE altimeter setting, will indicate height above the QFE reference datum; c) when set to a pressure of 1 013.2 hPa, may be used to indicate flight levels. Note 2.— The terms “height” and “altitude”, used in Note 1 above, indicate altimetric rather than geometric heights and altitudes. Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft. Note.— Specifications for flight plans are contained in Annex 2. When the expression “flight plan form” is used it denotes the model flight plan form at Appendix 2 to the PANS-ATM (Doc 4444). Forecast. A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or portion of airspace. Geodetic datum. A minimum set of parameters required to define location and orientation of the local reference system with respect to the global reference system/frame. Gregorian calendar. Calendar in general use; first introduced in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximates the tropical year than the Julian calendar (ISO 19108*). Note.— In the Gregorian calendar, common years have 365 days and leap years 366 days divided into twelve sequential months. Height. The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified datum. Human Factors principles. Principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance. Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. IFR. The symbol used to designate the instrument flight rules. IFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules. 8/11/18 1-8 Chapter 1 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services IMC. The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological conditions. INCERFA. The code word used to designate an uncertainty phase. Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation. Note.— The types of incidents which are of main interest to the International Civil Aviation Organization for accident prevention studies are listed in Annex 13, Attachment C. Instrument flight procedure design service. A service established for the design, documentation, validation, maintenance and periodic review of instrument flight procedures necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation. Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions. Note.— The specified minima for visual meteorological conditions are contained in Annex 2. Integrity classification (aeronautical data). Classification based upon the potential risk resulting from the use of corrupted data. Aeronautical data is classified as: a) routine data: there is a very low probability when using corrupted routine data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; b) essential data: there is a low probability when using corrupted essential data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; and c) critical data: there is a high probability when using corrupted critical data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe. International NOTAM office. An office designated by a State for the exchange of NOTAM internationally. Level. A generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level. Manoeuvring area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons. Meteorological office. An office designated to provide meteorological service for international air navigation. Movement area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s). Navigation specification. A set of aircraft and flight crew requirements needed to support performance-based navigation operations within a defined airspace. There are two kinds of navigation specifications: Required navigation performance (RNP) specification. A navigation specification based on area navigation that includes the requirement for performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNP, e.g. RNP 4, RNP APCH. Area navigation (RNAV) specification. A navigation specification based on area navigation that does not include the requirement for performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNAV, e.g. RNAV 5, RNAV 1. Note
