Animal Form & Function PDF

ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION HUSHLEY R. RENON Instructor, CAS-DMNS Observe the forms and shapes of each picture. Make sure to identify their symmetry. Classify the animal in the picture according to forms.  GROUP CHAT BASIS: Classification 1 SYMMETRY of...

ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION HUSHLEY R. RENON Instructor, CAS-DMNS Observe the forms and shapes of each picture. Make sure to identify their symmetry. Classify the animal in the picture according to forms.  GROUP CHAT BASIS: Classification 1 SYMMETRY of Asymmetrical: No plane divides the organism into two equal halves (e.g., sponges). Animals Radial Symmetry: Any plane passing through the central axis divides the organism into identical halves (e.g., coelenterates, ctenophores, echinoderms). Bilateral Symmetry: Only one plane divides the body into 2identical left and right halves (e.g., annelids, arthropods).  RECAL!!!! The improvement of the human body involves development EMBRYONIC from a one-celled zygote to a grown-up person. Sperm cell enters and breaks with an egg cell (ovum) DEVELOPMENT The hereditary material of the sperm and egg then, at that point, consolidates to shape a solitary cell called a zygote and the germinal progressive phase commences. Embryonic improvement in the human covers the initial two months of advancement; toward the start of the 10th week, the undeveloped organism is named a fetus. The germinal stage takes around 10 days. During this stage, the zygote starts to partition, in a cycle called cleavage.  RECAL!!!! EMBRYONIC The germinal stage takes around 10 days. During this stage, the zygote starts to partition, in a cycle called cleavage. DEVELOPMENT Embryogenesis goes on with the following phase of gastrulation, when the three microbe layers of the incipient organism structure in a cycle called histogenesis, and the cycles of neurulation and organogenesis follow. The whole course of embryogenesis includes facilitated spatial and transient changes in gene expression, cell development, and cell separation.  DIPLOBLASTIC & Classification 2 TRIPLOBLASTIC Diploblastic: Animals with two embryonic of layers—ectoderm (outer) and endoderm (inner). An undifferentiated layer called mesoglea is present Animals between these layers (e.g., coelenterates). Triploblastic: Animals with three germinal layers—ectoderm, mesoderm (middle), and endoderm (inner). These layers form during embryonic development (e.g., all more complex 5animals).  Consist of jelly-like noncellular mesenchyma or coagulated mesoglea in the middle among ectoderm and endoderm. FEATURES OF radial symmetry, biradial, or rotational symmetry lesser degree of specialization DIPLOBLASTI no proper transport system absence of coelom C ANIMALS No CNS sac-like digestive system and gastrovascular cavity cell types that serve different capabilities endoderm of diploblastic animals has true tissues and intestines Mesoglea helps in protecting the gut lining and body. These animals do not develop organs.  They show grade bilateria Great degree of specialization Consist of specialization FEATURES OF They consist of a special transport system i.e blood vascular system TRIPLOBLASTI The endoderm gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract (including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas C ANIMALS Ectoderm develops into the outer epithelial covering of the body surface, the central nervous system The mesoderm is the third germ layer that forms between the endoderm and ectoderm. This germ layer gives rise to all specialized muscle tissues (including the cardiac tissues and muscles of the intestines). More complex and have true organs such as the heart, kidney, and lungs Diploblastic And Triploblastic Organization POINTERS: Animalia is additionally arranged into Phyla, Class, Order, Family, and Genus in view of their fundamental and characteristic features. Human embryogenesis is the turn of events and arrangement of the human undeveloped organism (embryo). The four stages of embryonic development are morula, blastula, gastrula, and organogenesis.  GROUP CHAT 3 COELOM Classification Coelomates: Animals with a body cavity (coelom) of fully lined by mesoderm (e.g., annelids, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms, hemichordates, chordates). Animals Pseudocoelomates: Animals with a body cavity not fully lined by mesoderm, instead having scattered pockets of mesoderm (e.g., aschelminthes). 2 Acoelomates: Animals without a body cavity (e.g., platyhelminthes).  4 NOTOCHORD Chordates: Animals with a notochord, a Classification mesodermally derived rod-like structure formed of on the dorsal side during 4 development (e.g., all vertebrates). embryonic Animals Non-chordates: Animals that do not form a notochord (e.g., porifera, cnidaria, echinoderms). 5 Importance of Level of Organization in Animals The level of organization in animals teel us about their complexity and biological functions. It ranges from cellular (basic units of life) to tissue (group of cells with similar functions), organ (structures composed of tissues performing specific tasks), organ system (multiple organs working together), and organismal levels (complete individual). Each level is essential for the organism’s survival, with higher levels coordinating and regulating functions of lower levels. Cellular level enables fundamental processes like metabolism and reproduction. Tissue level facilitates specialization and efficient functioning of cells. Organ level allows for the performance of specific functions important for survival. Organ system level ensures coordination among different organs to maintain homeostasis and support life. Overall, the level of organization enables animals to carry out vital functions, adapt to their environment, and thrive within ecosystems. Thank you!