Plant Anatomy PDF

ANATOMY Learning Objective: 1.Differentiate between simple tissues 2. Describe the functions of five (5) complex tissues  WHAT IS ANATOMY? Studies of internal plant structure: cell and tissue Cell : Single unit of living organisms, which divides repeatedly to form tissue until d...

ANATOMY Learning Objective: 1.Differentiate between simple tissues 2. Describe the functions of five (5) complex tissues  WHAT IS ANATOMY? Studies of internal plant structure: cell and tissue Cell : Single unit of living organisms, which divides repeatedly to form tissue until develops into organism Tissue : Aggregate or clump of cells, form differentiated organs PLANT CELL STRUCTURE What is the functions of each organelles?  Apical meristem : ❖Found at, or near the tips of root and shoot ❖Increase in cell, the plant elongates ❖Primary growth ❖From apical meristem, three primary meristem also called primary tissue ❖Primary tissue : Protoderm, ground meristem and procambium 2. Lateral meristem Produces tissue that increase in width Secondary growth Vascular cambium and cork cambium  Phloem vascular cambium xylem TISSUE PRODUCED BY MERISTEMS After cells are produced by meristem, the cells become into various size related to their function. Simple and complex tissues.  SIMPLE TISSUE 1. PARENCHYMA Parenchyma has large vacuole, thin cell wall, may contain starch, oils, tannins, crystals or secretions Spherical (round) when new Chlorenchyma = parenchyma cell that contain chloroplast in leaf  Parenchyma tissue composed of parenchyma cells Most abundant and found in almost of the major parts of plants When increasing, pushed up against each other and become thin and flattened at point of contact  procambium phloem parenchyma xylem  2. Collenchyma Like parenchyma but cell wall are thicker and uneven in thickness Uneveness due to extra primary wall in the corners Usually occurs just beneath the epidermis Typically longer than wider Shoot tips and young petiole COLLENCHYMA CELLS Collenchyma cell in longitudinal in stem  3. Sclerenchyma Has both primary wall and a thick secondary wall that is usually lignified (contain lignin) Most sclerenchyma cell are dead at maturity Two type : sclereid and fibers Sclerenchymatous element : thick lignified secondary wall a. Sclereid Stone cells Randomly distribute Found in nut shell, pear, stony fruits like peaches Causes hardness b. Fibers Long, slender Thick wall sclerenchyma Usually occurring in strands or bundles Widely used for textiles, rope 1. Phloem fibers 2. Secondary xylem 3. Vascular cambium 4. Pith Leaf : Columnar sclereids. 1. Palisade mesophyl 2. Sclereids 3. Vascular sheath 4. Cuticle FIBER  TASK 1 1. Form groups that consist of 5 to 6 students. 2. In 10 minutes, differentiate between three simple tissues and share with your class. Be creative! COMPLEX TISSUE 1. XYLEM 2. PHLOEM 3. EPIDERMIS 4. PERIDERM 5. SECRETORY CELL  XYLEM 1.For water and mineral absorption 2.Consist of parenchyma cell, fibers, vessels, tracheid and ray cells a) Vessels : Long tube made up of individuals called vessel elements, open at each end b) Tracheids : like vessel element, but closed at each end  A) VESSELS : 1. Tube-like series of two to many vessel elements lying end to end 2. They are directly linked through their perforation plates 3. Tend to be shorter but wider than tracheids  B) TRACHEIDS: 1. Derived from a single cell and has no perforations 2. Elongated with tapering end  PERFORATION PLATE: 1. With single large pores which are commonly scalariform 2. In compound plates a number of elongated pores TYPE OF VESSELS 1. Wide vessels 2. Narrow vessels 3. Thick walled fibres 4. Fibres tracheids 5. Rays 1. Parenchyma 2. Multiseriate rays 3. Vessels TRACHEIDS There are a pair of pits present wherever two tracheids are in contact with each other  2. PHLOEM 1. Transport dissolved food materials, mainly sugars produced by photosynthesis 2. Two type of cells, both without secondary wall a. Sieve tube members b. Sieve plate  A. SIEVE TUBE MEMBERS 1. Cylindrical, companion cell which are narrower 2. Also includes rays, parenchyma and fibers 3. Laid end to end  B. SIEVE PLATE 1. Two ends of the sieve tube 2. Sieve tube have no opening but closed by sieve plate 3. Wall with pores SIEVE TUBE MEMBERS  3. EPIDERMIS The outermost layer of cells of plant organs Direct contact with the environment Usually one cell thick Secrete fatty substance called cutin within and surface of outer wall Cutin formed a protective layer called cuticle Leaf epidermis : hairs or trichomes : pores called stomata  4. PERIDERM 1. In woody plants, epidermis is replaced by a periderm 2. Outer bark that consist of boxlike cork cells which are dead at maturity 3. Cork cells can secrete fatty substance called suberin to be water proof 4. Some part of cork cambium from pockets of loosely arranged parenchyma cell called LENTICEL Cork cell  5. SECRETORY CELLS 1. Derived from parenchyma cells 2. Secrete oils (citrus), nectar (flower), mucilage (sundew), latex (rubber), resin  Nectar secreting cell Mucilage in cell of cacti KAHOOT TIME!!