Anatomy of the Renal System PDF

Urinary system- micturition = act of urinating -​ Body’s “water treatment plant” -​ Composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Waste products -​ Produced from all cells of the body end up in the blood -​ Filtered from the blood by kidneys -​ Form urine- eliminated fro...

Urinary system- micturition = act of urinating -​ Body’s “water treatment plant” -​ Composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Waste products -​ Produced from all cells of the body end up in the blood -​ Filtered from the blood by kidneys -​ Form urine- eliminated from body by ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Components of urinary system -​ Kidneys(outside of peritoneal), filter blood -​ Remove waste products and convert filtrate into urine -​ Ureters, transport urine -​ From kidneys to urinary bladder -​ Bladder, expandable muscular sac -​ Stores as much as 1 L urine -​ Urethra -​ Eliminates urine from body Introduction to urinary system- processes that occur as filtrate is converted to urine: -​ Elimination of metabolic wastes -​ Regulation of ion levels (Na+ K+ Ca2+) -​ Regulation of acid-base balance- alters levels of H+ and HCO3- -​ Regulation of blood pressure -​ Elimination of biologically active molecule- hormones, drugs -​ Other functions of kidney: -​ Formation of calcitriol- active form of vitamin D, increases uptake of calcium from blood -​ Production and release of erythropoietin (in response to low blood oxygen)- stimulates red bone marrow to increase erythrocyte production -​ Regulation of ion levels and acid base balance -​ Helps control blood’s inorganic ion balance -​ Aids in maintaining acid base balance, alters levels of H+ and HCO3- -​ Regulation of blood pressure -​ Alters amounts of fluid lost in urine -​ Helps regulate blood volume -​ Releases renin enzyme, requires for production of angiotensin II which increases blood pressure -​ Potential to engage in gluconeogenesis -​ During prolonged fasting or starvation, produces glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, maintain glucose levels Gross anatomy of kidneys -​