Anatomy 121 Lecture 1 (History) PDF

ANATOMY 121 | GROSS ANATOMY o Showed that urine is formed by the INTRODUCTION | LECTURE 1 kidneys and showed that cutting of spinal cord leads to paralysis....

ANATOMY 121 | GROSS ANATOMY o Showed that urine is formed by the INTRODUCTION | LECTURE 1 kidneys and showed that cutting of spinal cord leads to paralysis. VETERINARY ANATOMY Andreas Vesalius (1515- 1564) The science that deals with the study of the o Introduces modern era of anatomy structure of animals (macroscopic and o Animal Anatomy vs Human Anatomy microscopic) o More accurate studies Derived from the Greek word anatemnein o De humani corposis fabrica (On the meaning to dissect fabric of human body) Essential guide to surgery, pathology, and William Harvey (1578-1657) radiography. o He traced the flow of blood from the ANATOMY IS SUBDIVIDED INTO: left side to the right side of the heart Macroscopic Anatomy (Gross) to blood vessels, capillaries, etc. o describes structures organs, muscles, TERMINOLOGY bones etc. which are visible to the Gross Anatomy- Deals with the study of naked eye structures through visual examination and Microscopic Anatomy observation. o “study of tissues“ = histology – Applied Anatomy- Refers to the application Requires an optical magnification in of the knowledge acquired for the treatment order to evaluate microscopic and diagnosis of a pathological and surgical structures (microscope) condition. DOG Topographic Anatomy- The study of Order : Carnivora anatomy based on regions or divisions of the Family: Canidae body and emphasizing the relations between Genus: Canis various structures (muscle and nerves and Species: familiaris arteries, etc.) in the region. o Cheaper and easier to acquire Microscopic Anatomy- the study of minute o Used for hunting, sleigh, recreations, structure of the aid of microscope. and serves as companion; man’s best Ultrastructural Anatomy-The study of parts friend of minute in structure using the electron o First domesticated canid: Grey wolf microscope. EARLY HISTORY OF ANATOMY Pathology- the study of structures which Aristotle (384-322 BC) deviate form normal morphology and o Founder of biological science function. o First scientist to attempt to study Embryology- study of development of anatomy by dissecting plants and individual from the fertilized oocyte to birth. animals. Developmental Anatomy- study of Herophilus (335-280 BC) development of the individual from zygote o Established that the brain is the to adult. center of nervous system and the Ontogeny- refers to the description of the seat of intelligence: study blood flow entire development of the individual (both and childbirth. physical and psychological) Erasistratus (310-250 BC) Comparative Anatomy- Describe and o Study the circulatory system compares the diff structures of animal Claudius Galen (200-131 BC) species.  Special Anatomy- Specializes in the structure of a single type of species. Veterinary Anatomy- deals with the form and structure of the principal domesticated animals. Teratology- study of abnormal development DIVISION OF THE SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY Osteology- the description of the skeleton Syndesmology- joints Myology- muscles Splanchology- viscera Angiology- organs of circulation Nurology- description of the Nervous System Dermatology- Study of the skin/common integument Esthesiology- study of sense organs Endocrinolgy- study of endocrine system ANATOMICAL POSITION AND DIRECTIONAL PLANES OF REFERENCES: Frontal Plane: ventral plane divides the body into an anterior/ventral or posterior/ dorsal portions. Sagittal plane: ventral plane divides the right and left sides. Transverse Plane: divides the body superior and inferior DICRECTIONAL TERMS Superior/Cranial: upper/head Inferior/Caudal: lower part Anterior/ Ventral: stomach side Posterior/dorsal: back of the body Medial; nearer to midline Lateral: father away from midline Proximal: attachment of limb to trunk Distal: away from trunk Superficial: toward surface of the body Deep: away form the body