Muscular System Anatomy PDF

ANAPHY REVIEWER Epimysium collagen fibers directly connect (MUSCULAR SYSTEM) to periosteum, creating...

ANAPHY REVIEWER Epimysium collagen fibers directly connect (MUSCULAR SYSTEM) to periosteum, creating  600 skeletal a seemingly direct Muscular system Muscles(striated muscles muscle-bone connection attached to bones) (e.g., intercostal Myology  Field study with muscles muscles). - Indirect Attachment:  Specialized to move a body Epimysium collagen part Muscle fibers extend as a  Converts chemical energy of tendon, merging with ATP to mechanical the periosteum, creating  Movement- enable us to a visible gap between move from place to place muscle and bone.  Stability- maintain posture  Parallel strands visible to by resisting the pull of Grain the naked eye gravity  Most skeletal muscles attach  Communication- Facial Muscle to different bones at each Functions of expressions, body language Attachment end, spanning at least one Muscles and speech joint.  Control of body openings  Typically results in and passages- Ringlike Muscle movement of one bone sphincter muscles, eyelids, Contraction while the other remains pupils etc. stationary.  Heat Production- 85%of  "origin" (stationary body heat attachment) and "insertion"  Composed of both muscular (moving attachment) for and connective tissue Origin and muscle attachments.  Connective Tissue Layers: Insertion  Alternative Terminology: Endomysium:  Procimal/Distal Surrounds individual  Superior/Inferior muscle fibers, allowing  influences muscle strength for blood vessel and and direction of pull. Muscle nerve fiber access.  Five Types: Composition Perimysium: Encases  Fusiform: Thick in the bundles of muscle middle, tapered at ends fibers (fascicles), (e.g., biceps brachii). visible as "grain" in  Parallel: Long, strap-like, meat. uniform width (e.g., Epimysium: Encloses rectus abdominis). the entire muscle,  Convergent: Fan-shaped, blending into fasciae. broad origin, narrow  Grouped bundles of Muscle Fascicle insertion (e.g., Fibers Orientation pectoralis major).  2 types of Fasciae:  Pennate: Feather-shaped, Deep Fasciae: Located fascicles insert between adjacent obliquely on a tendon: muscles. Unipennate: Superficial Fascia Fascicles Fascicles on one (Hypodermis): Found side of the tendon between muscles and (e.g., palmar skin. interosseous  two methods of muscle muscles). attachment: Bipennate: Direct (Fleshy) Fascicles on both Attachment:  sides of the tendon controlling finger (e.g., rectus movements). femoris).  refers to the nerve supply to Innervation Multipennate: an organ. Fascicles converge  Highlights the importance of on a single point understanding muscle (e.g., deltoid). Clinical innervation for diagnosing  Circular: Form rings Relevance nerve and spinal cord around body openings injuries and planning (e.g., orbicularis oculi). rehabilitation.  Movement produced by a  Size: Major, maximus, Muscle Action muscle. minor, minimus, longus,  muscles rarely act brevis. independently, but rather  Shape: Rhomboideus, work in groups to produce trapezius, teres, deltoid. coordinated joint  Location: Cervicis, movements. pectoralis, thoracis,  four classifications of intercostal, abdominis, Muscle Naming muscles based on their femoris, pollicis, carpi, Criteria actions: digitorum, superficialis,  Prime Mover (Agonist): profundus. The muscle producing  Number of Heads: Biceps, the most force during a triceps, quadriceps. Muscle Groups specific joint action.  Orientation: Rectus,  Synergist: Assists the transversus, oblique. prime mover, increasing  Action: Adductor, flexor, power and coordination. pronator, levator, depressor.  Antagonist: Opposes  Trapezius: Covers the the prime mover, upper back. moderating speed and  Latissimus Dorsi: Extends range of motions from the back to the arm.  Fixator: Stabilizes a  Erector Spinae: Runs along bone, allowing other the spine. muscles to act on it.  Gluteus Medius: Located  Identifies the roles of each beneath the gluteus muscle: maximus.  Biceps brachii:  Gluteus Maximus: The Synergist to the largest muscle in the brachialis. buttock. Muscle Roles  Brachialis: Prime mover  Hamstring Muscles: Group for elbow flexion. Muscle of three muscles on the back  Triceps brachii: Identification of the thigh. Antagonist to the  Iliac Crest: The bony ridge brachialis. of the hipbone.  Deltoid: Forms the rounded  stabilize bones to allow contour of the shoulder. Fixator Function other muscles to exert force  Pectoralis Major: Covers the on a different target. chest.  entirely contained within a  Rectus Abdominis: Runs Intrinsic specific region, with both vertically down the Muscles origin and insertion within abdomen. that region.  External Oblique: Located  acting on a specific region on the sides of the abdomen. Extrinsic Linea Alba: A fibrous band but originating elsewhere  Muscles running down the midline of (e.g., forearm muscles  the abdomen. Circulatory System:  Umbilicus: The navel. Blood flow, oxygen  Linea Alba: A fibrous band delivery, waste running down the midline of removal. the abdomen. Lymphatic and Immune  Biceps Brachii: Located on System: Lymph flow, the front of the arm. immune cell circulation.  Triceps Brachii: Located on Respiratory System: the back of the arm. Ventilation, oxygen  Brachioradialis: Located on intake, carbon dioxide the lateral side of the removal. forearm. Urinary System:  Extensor Carpi Radialis Urinary control, Longus: Located on the electrolyte balance. lateral side of the forearm. Digestive System:  Semitendinosus: Located on Chewing, swallowing, the medial side of the thigh. nutrient absorption.  Semimembranosus: Located Reproductive System: on the medial side of the Sexual function, thigh. childbirth.  Biceps Femoris: Located on  focusing on the visible surface anatomy the lateral side of the thigh. features of muscles.  Gracilis: Located on the medial side of the thigh.  Popliteal Fossa: A diamond- shaped area behind the knee.  Tensor Fasciae Latae: Located on the lateral side of the thigh.  Rectus Femoris: Located in the center of the thigh.  Vastus Lateralis: Located on the lateral side of the thigh.  Vastus Medialis: Located on the medial side of the thigh.  Peroneus Longus: Located on the lateral side of the leg.  Tibialis Anterior: Located on the anterior side of the leg.  interactions between the muscular system and: Integumentary System: Facial expressions, heat dissipation. Skeletal System: Movement, joint Interrelationships Nervous System: Muscle stimulation, motor control, sensory feedback. Endocrine System: Muscle growth, glucose regulation, electrolyte balance.