Analytical microbiology-2.docx

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\- **149** -. **163** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | - \- **179** | | | | | | **201** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **1NTPODUCTIOn** **The term \*Analytical Microbiology\" describes the application of analytical chemistry to identification, structure ^elucidation,^ systematics, diagnosis, and detection in microbiology- The most widely applied instrwrentai chemical techniques have been the various forms of go~o~ chromatography (CC) and mass spectrometry (MS). These and other analytical techniques (e.g., high performance liquid chromatography, UPLC) and the \'hyphenated\' methods (including GC-MS, FIPLC-HS and MS-MS) can be used to detect trace levels and to identify monomers, oligomro, or polymers derived frommicroorganlems. Chemical information from these analyses can be of** **great benefit in medicine, ecology, biotechnology, as well as in the food *and* pharmaceutical industries. Classical microbiological or biochemical** **pro-cedurea ray not be sufficiently sensitive, selective, quantitative, or rapid in some instances. Instrumental approaches, hitherto considered the realm of the chemist, have found application in microbiological analysis. we perceive four major areas in analytical Microbiology ,,hero chromatography and rasa spectrometry are having impact.** **First, the monomeric composition of bac\'teria or secretion of unique metabolites may be used to identify and/or differentiate bacterial** **species.\" chrormatographi~c~ and mane spectr ~D~motric methods produce a profile of a selected group ofC-em. h i** **cal componentn from. the organism. in some cases. more traditional blochemicn1 tests are ~D~ither inadequate and/or the identification requires secondary ~gr~owth, which for slow-growing fastidious organisms can be tire consuming. An ample and repriDducible themotaxonomic profiling methods Are developed they can be applied to other core readily identified organisms. These m€ thuds may replace come of the hierarchical identification schemes involving batteries of conventional tests.** fr\...tipical Art abmir.: **ire Aorh** **\'shown** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **Ht ^,^&4** | **(C) cH0** | | | | | | | **0;o61** | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **HOCH** **rIOCH** **Table- 1. Chemical markers far microorganisms** **Compound** **Fatty acids Igtraight and branched, saturated and unsaturated)** **Huramic acid** **D-amino acids (D-alanlne, D-giutamic acid)** **Diaminopimelic acid** **Mycolic acido** **Heptosen ketodeoxyoctonic acid, and hydroxy fatty acids (e.g,, (fl-hydroxynyrintic acid)** **Phamnooe** **RhaTnose Aminodideoxyhexonen Glucitol** **Microbial Croup** **All bacteria (profiles differ among epeclea)** **Most eubacteria and not in** **eukaryotic cello** **Moat Gran negative and certain Gram positive bacteria** **Mycobacteria, corynebacteria, and nocardlae** ----------------------------------------------- **Lipopolyeaccharide Gram negative bacteria** ----------------------------------------------- **Certain Gram positive bacteria** **Actinomycetalea** --------------------------- -------------------- -- **Arabinitol Metabolite** *Candida albicans* --------------------------- -------------------- -- B. C. D. **(B) COM!** C\-- CFI, CFIt CCICFl **(C) Pt** **^1^{OOC^-^7Hcii,),^---^i^---^COOF4** **(B) D-glutarnic acid, (C) diaminopimelic acid.**