Analog and Digital Systems PDF

ANALOG AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS SUB: PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL ELECTRONICS UNIT-1 CHAPTER-1 Ms.Shruti Save Asst. Professor MLDC ELECTRONICS A...

ANALOG AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS SUB: PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL ELECTRONICS UNIT-1 CHAPTER-1 Ms.Shruti Save Asst. Professor MLDC ELECTRONICS A branch of engineering that deals with the design, fabrication, and operation of circuits, electronic devices, and systems. There are two branches: ▪ Analog ▪ Digital  ANALOG AND DIGITAL DATA Data can be Analog or Digital. The term Analog data refers to information that is continuous. Digital data refers to information that has discrete states. Analog data take on continuous values. Digital data take on discrete values. Analogy : Real numbers vs Integer numbers ANALOG AND DIGITAL Note: Data can be analog or digital. Analog data are continuous and take continuous values. Digital data have discrete states and take discrete values. SIGNAL A signal is defined as any physical quantity(sound, light,voltage etc.) that carries information and varies with time, space or any other independent variable or variables. Information must be converted into an equivalent electrical form suitable for transmission. Electrical Signals In electronics, a signal is often a time-varying voltage that is also an electromagnetic wave carrying information. Analog Signal Digital Signal ANALOG SIGNAL A continuously varying signal is called Analog Signal. These kind of signals works with physical values and natural phenomena such as sound, temperature,pressure etc. can be represented by sine wave APPLICATIONS OF ANALOG SIGNAL Audio recording and reproduction Radio Signals Older video signal transmission technologies (VGA, S-Video, etc.) Live sound/amplification devices ANALOG SYSTEMS Systems that process the analog signals are called as Analog systems. The analog systems are being used for a long time. EXAMPLES ADVANTAGES OF ANALOG SYSTEMS Easier in processing higher density so that it can present more refined information Less bandwidth DISADVANTAGES OF ANALOG SYSTEMS 1) Less Accurate 2) Easily affected by the unwanted electrical disturbance called Noise 3) Performance of these systems degrade due to component ageing and change in temperature. 4) Less Reliable 5) Storage and Processing of data is not possible as analog systems do not have memory. 6) Complex designing  DIGITAL SIGNAL A signal that can have only two discrete values is called a digital signal. Discrete in nature. The transition of a digital signal from one value to other value is instantaneous. Represented by square wave. DIGITAL SIGNAL In digital signal, HIGH volage is represented by 1 and LOW voltage is represented by 0 DIGITAL SYSTEMS ▪ Systems that process the digital signals are called as Digital systems. ▪ The input signal to a digital system is digital and its output signal is also Digital. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS 1) Precision and Accuracy 2) Less affected by aging and variation in temperature 3) Less affected by noise 4) Designing is much easier 5) Have memory; information can be stored and processed. 6) Cost effective 7) Reliable 8) More versatile DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS Sampling may cause loss of information. A/D and D/A demands mixed-signal hardware It requires greater bandwidth Systems and processing is more complex. PERIODIC SIGNALS VS NONPERIODIC SIGNALS PERIODIC SIGNALS NONPERIODIC SIGNALS 3.18 Analog Signal Digital Signal 19 ANALOG SIGNAL DIGITAL SIGNAL An analog signal is a continuous signal Digital signal is discrete in nature It is denoted by sine wave. It is denoted by square wave. Analog signals are deteriorated by noise. Relatively a noise-immune signals. It is suited for audio and video transmission. It is suited for Computing and digital electronics.