An Introduction to Physics (PDF)

WHY PHYSICS Dr. ABDULWAHAB ELKUWAFI Email: abdulwahhab.elkuwafi@limu.edu.ly [email protected] AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS Dr. ABDULWAHAB ELKUWAFI Email: abdulwahhab.elkuwafi@limu.edu.ly [email protected] Objecti...

WHY PHYSICS Dr. ABDULWAHAB ELKUWAFI Email: abdulwahhab.elkuwafi@limu.edu.ly [email protected] AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS Dr. ABDULWAHAB ELKUWAFI Email: abdulwahhab.elkuwafi@limu.edu.ly [email protected] Objectives Understanding the importance of units and dimensions and skeletal mechanics Understanding Medical Imaging Techniques Exploring Electron Scanning Microscope (SEM) Ultrasound Examination  Units and Blood Analysis The Importance of Units in Medicine What Are Units? Units are like labels for numbers. They tell us what the number means. Example: 5 mg (milligrams) means 5 tiny pieces of something. Why Are Units Important? Units help us understand measurements. They make sure everyone speaks the same language in medicine. Example: Medicine Dosage If you’re sick, you might need medicine. The doctor will say “Take 200 mg.” Without “mg,” we wouldn’t know how much medicine to take. Example: Blood Sugar Your blood sugar level tells if you’re healthy. A level of “120 mg/dL” means it’s too high. “mg/dL” tells us it’s milligrams per deciliter of blood. Units Prevent Mistakes Imagine if a doctor said “Take 5” without units. You could take 5 spoons or 5 bottles by mistake! Units in Different Countries Units help doctors from different countries understand each other. In the U.S., blood pressure might be “120/80 mm Hg.” In other places, they might use “16/11 kPa.” Example: Height and Weight Your height might be “150 cm” (centimeters). Your weight might be “40 kg” (kilograms). “cm” and “kg” are units that help describe you. Summary Units are important because: They keep us safe from taking the wrong amount of medicine. They help doctors know if we’re healthy or sick.  Units and Blood Analysis Deciliter (dL): Often used to express the volume of blood. Gram per deciliter (g/dL): A common unit for measuring the concentration of substances like hemoglobin and proteins in the blood. Millimole per liter (mmol/L): Frequently used to report blood glucose levels BAVIN_27 Expanded Numerical Form and Scientific Notation Expanded Numerical Form: Writes out every digit for clear, exact value. Scientific Notation: Shrinks big or tiny numbers to a base and 10’s power. Expanded form Scientific notation form BAVIN_27 Expanded Numerical Form Mass of electron=0.000000000000000000000000000000911 kg Mass of Earth=5,980,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg BAVIN_27 Skeletal Mechanics  Skeletal Mechanics Raising the Arm Understanding skeletal mechanics is crucial for medical freshman students to diagnose and treat bone-related conditions and injuries effectively. Force exerted by deltoid muscle Force exerted by shoulders Weight of the arm Skeletal Mechanics Raising the Arm  Physics and Medical Instrumentation SEM & Spectrophotometer A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): A super magnifying glass that uses electron beams to show tiny details on stuff, like looking at a Bacteria up close! Spectrophotometer: A special light-measurer that helps doctors figure out what’s in our blood, like how much hemoglobin we have to carry oxygen.  Physics and Medical Instrumentation Electron Scanning Microscope A spectrophotometer. Microorganisms under ESM Blood cells under ESM Atoms and Molecules Thinking of the human body as atoms and molecules helps us understand its complex structure and how chemical processes control our health and functions Atoms and Molecules  X-ray X-rays are a type of high-energy electromagnetic radiation used in medicine to create images of the inside of the body, helping diagnose and monitor various medical conditions.  X-ray 1895 X-ray 1970 CT scan discovery CT = X-ray Computed Tomography Approximately 3.6 billion diagnostic medical X-ray examinations are performed worldwide every year, with the number continuing to grow.  X-ray One atom Millions of atoms  X-ray Production X-rays are produced when high-energy electrons strike a metal target in a device called an X-ray tube, resulting in the emission of X-ray photons used for medical imaging. X-ray (Diagnostic Radiation) X-ray (Diagnostic Radiation) Abdominal CT scan  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the inside of the body by aligning and measuring the magnetic properties of hydrogen atoms in tissues.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) This technique is based on the fact that hydrogen Nuclei in water molecules in our body are considered as magnets. Where 3/4 of the body is water. Imaging (MRI)  Imaging (MRI) (Diagnostic Technique)  Laser in Medicine A laser is a focused, intense beam of light that's used in medicine for precise surgeries, diagnostics, and therapies.  Laser in Medicine Laser is an abbreviation of "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation."  Vision correction Laser is used in vision correction to reshape the cornea, enhancing vision by correcting refractive errors like myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism.  1 L Ve te A sti m S bu Lo pu IK lu c re s em do ons m i ye co fa ei ect psu ng ci us et m lis m u is o r a do s ur ue la d t dip lor ge cu em i s p sc sit ry eg o in am et. r g e m Don elit, t, au e s 2 r c ed V is. es teFem m tibu Lo pu to lu co emr s la m d ns si co fa o ei ect ipsu ci us et m k ng lis m u d su is o r a o ue la d t dip lor cu em i rg s s si er eg po cin t am y et r. D g e e m on lit, t, au e s 3 r c ed V is. te eFsetim m btu L pu olu co orem s sm m vision by reshaping the cornea using a laser. d ns su icle fa o ei ect ipsu rg olna ci us et m lis m u er gsui is o r a do y ke Vision correction la d t dip lor ey cu em i s s s i e eg po cin t am et r. D g e e m on lit, t, au e s ris c ed. LASIK stands for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis," a surgical procedure to correct "What does each letter in the abbreviation 'LASIK' stand for in the context of vision correction, and can you provide the Arabic translations for each of these words?" rk wo m e H o Vision correction  Laser surgery A laser is a precise, high-energy light used in gastric cancer to target and destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue. People Wave Sound waves Sound waves Frequency Sound waves ound waves  Stethoscope A stethoscope amplifies and transmits sounds from within the body to help medical professionals listen to and diagnose various health conditions. Ultrasound for diagnosis & treatment Ultrasound in medicine uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal structures by bouncing off tissues, aiding in diagnosis without radiation. Ultrasound for diagnosis & treatment Pregnant Ultrasound  Elasticity and Deforming Force Bone elasticity refers to the ability of bones to deform and return to their original shape when subjected to external forces, ensuring flexibility and support in the body.  Plastic and Elastic Deformation Bone plastic deformation is the permanent change in the shape and structure of a bone due to excessive stress or force, typically resulting in fractures or deformities.  "What is the bone Elastic deformation?" Compare and contrast between elastic and plastic deformation? rk wo m e H o High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound HIFU