Basic Immunology Lecture Notes PDF

Basic immunology Done by Dr Radwa Mahmoud Elsharaby Assistant professor of clinical pathology Infection control specialist in Tanta university hospitals Faculty of medicine Tanta university  Cells and Tissues of the Immune Syste...

Basic immunology Done by Dr Radwa Mahmoud Elsharaby Assistant professor of clinical pathology Infection control specialist in Tanta university hospitals Faculty of medicine Tanta university  Cells and Tissues of the Immune System Learning outcomes Describe the different tissue of the immune system. Classify the cells of the immune system Enumerate the cells of immune system. Discus the function of immune cells Differentiate what cell is innate and other is acquired The lymphoid system is composed of The primary lymphoid organs Bone marrow Thymus The secondary lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Tonsils Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT) of the GIT and respiratory tract Cells of The Immune System  pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow soluble mediators (cytokines) mainly IL-7, IL-3 colony stimulating factors lymphoid or myeloid series A)Phagocytes 1- Neutrophiles Define Characters Polymorphonuclear leukocytes Mediate the earliest phases of inflammatory reactions. The most abundant population of circulating white blood 2- Mononuclear Phagocytes Monocytes Tissue resident macrophages Derived from precursors in the yolk sac and fetal liver during fetal life. Arise from a precursor cell of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow, circulate in the blood. Characters Recruited into tissues in inflammatory reactions, where they further mature into macrophages.  What are the receptor on the macrophages Function of macrophages Class I and II MHC Phagocytosis Antigen processing and presentation cell Receptors for Fc portion of IgG (APC) Complement component C3b. Cytokines production e.g.IL-1, IL-6, IL- 12 &TNF-α Complement synthesis Which one of the function of macrophage is innate and what is acquired? direct Innate Phagocytosis Innate Indirect Acquired Antigen processing and presentation cell (APC) Acquired (Innate & Cytokines production acquired). Complement synthesis Innate  3- Mast Cells, Basophils, and Eosinophils Mast cell Are bone marrow–derived cells present in the skin and mucosal epithelia. Contain abundant cytoplasmic granules filled with histamine. Basophile Eosinophile  B) Antigen- Presenting Cells Antigen-Presenting Cells Definition APCs are cells that capture microbial and other antigens, display them to lymphocytes, and provide signals that stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of the lymphocytes. Dendritic cells Dendritic cells Function: Dendritic cells are the most important APCs for activating naive T cells, and they play major roles in innate responses to infections and in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages Present antigens to helper T lymphocytes at the sites of infection, which leads to helper T cell activation and production of molecules that further activate the macrophages. B cells Present antigens to helper T cells, which is a key step in the cooperation of helper T cells with B cells for antibody responses to protein antigens. What is the main Ag presenting cells? A. Neutrophils B. Eosinophils C. Monocytes D. Dendritic Referances -Abbas A.K. and Lichtman A.H.: Basic Immunology, 5th edition, 2015, E1 Servier Sanders. -Abbas A.K. eta/.: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 9th edition, 2017, E1 Servier Sanders. - Abla M. El-Mishad: Manual of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, vol. II, 9th edition, 2019, El-Ahram Press, Egypt.