Wave of Immigration: American Growth and Development PDF

Wave of Immigration American Growth and Development  “Europe stretches to the Alleghenies; America lies beyond.” ~RWE Population shift America fourth most populous nation of Western World Hundreds of cities...

Wave of Immigration American Growth and Development  “Europe stretches to the Alleghenies; America lies beyond.” ~RWE Population shift America fourth most populous nation of Western World Hundreds of cities with 5000+ people 33 States by 1860  Irish German Immigration Why? Massive Why? Political Irish and German Flood famine in Ireland. instabilities in They wanted to get Germany. Also to a place where famine in Germany. they wouldn’t starve. Where? They go more west than the Where? They Irish because they moved from Ireland have a bit more to big cities in money. They are America because farming out west. they’re poor. Immigrant Effects Catholics: Germans and Irish bring Catholicism back to the US, which people aren’t happy about because we are Protestant and Anglican. Jobs: Irish start taking jobs which hurts economics in America. Rally together! Immigrants rally together, live together, etc. Ancient Order of Hibernians and Molly Maguires  Age old Story: The nativists formed the know nothing party. They wanted immigration restrictions, Nativism naturalization laws, and they didn’t want immigrants. The Know-Nothing Party Fears: they feared they would be outvoted and they would take over the school system. America could be run by the pope. Resonates?  Causation or CCOT https://news.gallup.com/poll/259103/new-high-say-immigration-important-problem.aspx Slavery in the South Antebellum South’s Economy and Society  King Cotton And The Plantation Southern Population Cotton Kings: Cotton become very important because of textiles. Half of cotton from the world and runs the southern economy. British get 75% of cotton from US. Farmer aristocracy in the south, which is undemocratic because it widened the gap between rich and poor and rich send their kids to high education. Small Farmers: They end up selling their plantations to big farmers because they couldn’t compete. Poor Whites: The poor people don’t get rid of slavery because they have admirations of being a slave owner. Slaves:  Purchased freedom: some owned slaves or property, and although they were free they were still looked down upon. Third Race: they were treated horribly, voting restrictions, schooling restrictions, job Free Blacks restrictions, prejudice, they can’t testify in court. A rock and a hard place No Escape: can’t escape because your born into it. Plantation Slavery Selling of Slaves International: 4 million slaves in the south and international slave trading is banned. Not really enforced and Americans are big smugglers. Domestic: they start being sold internally Family Life: Slaves getting raped so they can make more babies because demand was so high. Black Belt: region of the south where the soil is black and most intense slavery occurred here. Drivers and Breakers: they would oversee the work and use whips and force them to work. Breakers did intense punishments. Drovers drive work. Life for slaves: Slaves mostly lived on large plantations and family life isn’t bad here. They had own religious practices, which contained a merge of Christianity and African tradition. Origination of African American culture.  Two previous Rebellions? Nat Turner’s Rebellion: Slave Rebellion Attempting to Destroy the black preacher who planned an uprising who killed sleeping white men and was “Peculiar Institution” extinguished pretty quickly. "The insurrection of the blacks have made greate disturbance here every man is armd with a gun by his bed nights and in the field at work a greate many of the blacks have been shot there heads taken of stuck on poles at the forkes of rodes some been hung, some awaiting there trial in several countys, 6 in this county I expect to see them strecht ther trial nex week there is no danger of their rising again here." Authentic and impartial narrative of the tragical scene which was Wood engraving by William henry Shelton 1831 witnessed in Southampton Count. Unkown 1831 Comparison: Explain the different views of Nat Turner’s Rebellion Causation: Explain what kind of impact Turner’s Rebellion had on America  Market Revolution Economy and Industry of the Antebellum Period  Antebellum Prompt: To what extent and in what way did the Market revolution change America? How and how much did the market revolution change America? Today’s Thesis: America’s economy, infrastructure, and social life were forever changed as a result of the Market Revolution during the Antebellum period Contextualization America rely on itself following embargo acts. Immigration is at an all time high (jobs).  Factory, Cotton Gin, Singer, Morse, John Main Point: Deere and Cyrus McCormick: Economic Shift Eli Whitney created the cotton gin, which makes cotton profitable overnight. This also popularized slavery overnight. John Main points and OI Deere invented the first steel plow, which made plowing much more efficient especially in the west. Morse invented the telegraph which revolutionized communication. Singer invents sewing machine. McCormick made the mechanical reaper which made farming a lot more efficient. Main Point: Transportation Changes America Turnpike, Cumberland Road, Canal, Steam: Turnpikes were long toll roads that were safe roads for carriages to ride on. The Cumberland road was a road that connected Maryland to Illinois to Missouri (first interstate). New York creates the Erie Canal which connected Hudson River to Great Lakes. The steamboats made traveling both ways on the Mississippi efficient. Also railroads. Main Point: Social Life New worker and labor norm, Role of Women Changes Women able to get jobs in factories (factory girls). Cult of demosticity said that women now run the households because their husbands are away at work. Child labor becomes popular. Now unskilled laborers are working because all you have to do is push a button.  Analysis and Reasoning CCOT, Comparison, Causation Outside Theme  Culture Shock: Antebellum 2nd Great Awakening, Social Reform, and Transcendentalism Second Great Awakening 1790-1820 (but really 1820’s) Cause? The uncertainty of belief after industrial revolution. How? Roads and canals remove some regionalism and preachers can travel around. ○ Evangelicalism Peter Cartwright - Methodist who travelled preacher who converted thousands. Charles Finney - greatest revival preacher who spoke out against things like alcohol and slavery. ○ “Camp meetings”: Huge meetings of thousands of people that meet and preach the gospel. Role of Women: women are showing up big time at meetings and women feel they need to change society. Religious Sectionalism ○ Methodists and Baptists: reaped most of the conversions because north and south divide over slavery. ○ “Burned Over District”: In New York because many Puritans were angry at the sermonizers preachings. ○ Mormons: get persecuted. To what extent did religion impact the United States in the antebellum period? (1800–1860) Use the Document to support a main point...don’t forget to synthesize! “Let the churches of all denominations speak out on the subject of temperance, let them close their doors against all who have anything to do with the death-dealing abomination, and the cause of temperance is triumphant. A few years would annihilate the traffic. Just so with slavery…. It is a great national sin. It is a sin of the church. The churches by their silence, and by permitting slaveholders to belong to their communion, have been consenting to it…. The church cannot turn away from this question. It is a question for the church and for the nation to decide, and God will push it to a decision.” ~Charles Finney 1830  Comparison: The 1st and the 2nd “Let the churches of all denominations speak out on ““And yet some people actually imagine that But alas! how shall I address myself to the subject of temperance, let them close their doors the revelation in God’s Word is not enough to them? I fear excess of drinking has against all who have anything to do with the meet our needs. They think that God from time made them such mere Nabals, that death-dealing abomination, and the cause of to time carries on an actual conversation with there is no speaking to them. And many temperance is triumphant. A few years would them, chatting with them, satisfying their of God's servants have toiled all their annihilate the traffic. Just so with slavery…. It is a doubts, testifying to His love for them, life-time in dissuading them from this great national sin. It is a sin of the church. The promising them support and blessings. As a sin of drunkenness, yet they will not churches by their silence, and by permitting result, their emotions soar; they are full of forbear. However, at thy command, I slaveholders to belong to their communion, have bubbling joy that is mixed with will speak also, though they be a been consenting to it…. The church cannot turn self-confidence and a high opinion of rebellious house. Magnify thy strength, away from this question. It is a question for the themselves. The foundation for these feelings, O Lord, in my weakness, and grant that church and for the nation to decide, and God will however, does not lie within the Bible itself, I may speak with such demonstration of push it to a decision.” but instead rests on the sudden creations of the Spirit, and power, that from their imaginations. These people are clearly henceforward they may cease to act so Charles Finney 1830 deluded. God’s Word is for all of us and each unwisely, and this sin of drunkenness of us; He does not need to give particular may not be their ruin. messages to particular people.” George Whitefield 1740 Jonathan Edwards 1734  Rich Man’s Insurance: Rich people see paying taxes as making sure poor people are educated voters to prevent mobocracy since all males can vote now. Horace Mann: He was in favor of reforming the school system but a lot of what he wanted Education didn’t happen. He wants to have better teachers, funding, and consistent curriculum. Push for Public Schooling Noah Webster: Creates dictionary or American textbook for Americans to learn English. Higher Ed: some state funded colleges are showing up instead of private colleges like Harvard.  New Harmony and Oneida: these are examples of cooperative communities which were created to reform against corrupt society. Utopia Social Reform on a smaller scale Purpose? Create perfect society and reform against slavery and alcohol.  Causation Choose ONE Education Utopias How might they be seen as an EFFECT of previous social change/events! The problems addressed during the second great awakening brought about a desire to reform society as a whole. They struggled to reform society so they created cooperative communities like New Harmony Oneida and called utopias. Women Take the Lead Prison Reform: reformatories, penitentiaries, correction facilities. Prisons aren’t actually trying to reform people, they were just abusive. Led by Dorothea Dix. American Peace Society: Formed to combat war but was very short lived. American Temperance Society (1826): Formed in Boston and many local groups tried to make people not drink as much alcohol. (Drinking is a big problem like no money, dangerous etc.) ○ Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There (1854): popular book and displays evils of alcohol. ○ Maine Law of 1851: prohibited the manufacture and consumption of alcohol in Maine, many states follow but quickly repealed.  Reminder: “Cult of Domesticity” 1. Lucretia Mott * 2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton * 3. Susan B. Anthony * 4. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell 5. Lucy Stone 6. Sarah and Angelina Grimké The Role of Women Early Feminist Movements 7. Amelia Bloomer Seneca Falls Convention (1848): women’s rights convention in New York. They made declaration of sentiments that all men and women are created equal.  MC Practice Find the distractor AND the answer!  MC Practice Find the distractor AND the answer! Antebellum Art: romanticism and minstrel shows. Transcendentalism (1830-1860) Individualism: rejected the idea that knowledge comes from outside of you. Knowledge comes from within oneself. Self-Reliance Truth transcends reality (God) Ralph Waldo Emerson - The American Scholar Henry David Thoreau - Civil Disobedience/Resistance to Civil Government: Margaret Fuller - Woman in the Nineteenth Century Walt Whitman - Leaves of Grass  The others Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Edgar Allan Poe John Greenleaf Whittier Nathaniel Hawthorne James Russell Lowell Herman Melville Louisa May Alcott Historians of America Emily Dickinson Pick 1! How well do they fit the definition of “transcendentalism” Abolition and Competition The Abolition Movement and Resistance  Early Efforts Quakers: didn’t take oaths, didn’t like slavery, pacifists. American Colonization Society: sends slaves to Africa to Liberia. They don’t want to go and it didn’t solve the problem it just moved it. Second Great Second great Awakening: Awakening Theodore Dwight Weld: inspired by finney and wrote the pamphlet “American Slavery”. Inspiration for Abolition Lyman Beecher: professor who got fired for talking about antislavery. Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Tom’s Cabin: wrote uncle toms cabin.  The Debate over Slavery Compare and Contrast  Radical Abolition An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World: David Walker said that blacks and whites are equal in America. ○ “America is as much our country as it is yours.” The Liberator: Garrison published his newspaper, which was an abolitionist newspaper that was around for a while and he fought for it to stay around. ○ “I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—and I WILL BE HEARD! ○ American Anti-Slavery Society: founded by Garrison and a bunch of other abolitionists. Liberty Party(1840)/Free Soil Party (1848): parties that supported freedom of slaves. Prominent Abolitionist Sojourner Truth: woman who fought for abolition and women’s sufferage. The Voices of the Movement Frederick Douglass: published his newspaper the North Star and was a former slave himself, very influential. On the slave and the poor - “One is owned by one master, the latter by all masters”  What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy — a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us? ~ Frederick Douglass 1852 HIPP! What would a typical southerner think about this? (A&R)  Reaction from the South Abolition Suppression: people get jailed if they get caught with this material. Gag Resolution: Congress can’t even talk about slavery. Freedom of the Press: were not letting people print what they want in the south. Can’t we Compromise? Debt: owed 350million Martyr of Abolition: Free- Soilers: people go west and people argue whether new states are free or slave.