Alberta Human Rights Act Overview PDF

In what manner may evidence be presented before a human rights tribunal? A. Strictly adhering to traditional courtroom procedures B. Only through written submissions C. In any manner the tribunal considers appropriate D. Only through expert witnesses ANSWER: C What can a human rights tribunal do if...

In what manner may evidence be presented before a human rights tribunal? A. Strictly adhering to traditional courtroom procedures B. Only through written submissions C. In any manner the tribunal considers appropriate D. Only through expert witnesses ANSWER: C What can a human rights tribunal do if a complaint is found to be without merit? A. Refer the matter to a higher court B. Compensate the accused party C. Dismiss the entire complaint D. Ask the complainant to pay costs ANSWER: C What must occur for a human rights tribunal to proceed with a hearing in someone's absence? A. Notice of the hearing must be properly served B. The person must submit a written excuse C. The tribunal must have unanimous agreement D. There must be witnesses present ANSWER: A Under what condition can a hearing be conducted in private by a human rights tribunal? A. If the tribunal considers it advisable due to confidentiality or potential adverse effects B. If the complainant requests it without justification C. If all parties agree to privacy D. If the hearing involves financial matters only ANSWER: A What is one of the orders a human rights tribunal can make if it finds a complaint has merit? A. Compensate the person denied rights B. Require public apologies from the accused C. Dismiss the merits of the claims D. Populate the tribunal with more members ANSWER: A What is recognized as a fundamental principle in Alberta regarding all persons? A. They are equal in dignity, rights, and responsibilities. B. They are entitled to preferential treatment based on income. C. They are to be judged by their cultural background. D. They are entitled to public assistance. ANSWER: A Which of the following is NOT a protected ground under the Alberta Human Rights Act? A. Socio-economic status B. Physical disability C. Sexual orientation D. Gender identity ANSWER: A What significant day is observed annually on the first Monday in August in Alberta? A. Alberta Heritage Day B. Alberta Equality Day C. Alberta Freedom Day D. Alberta Diversity Day ANSWER: A Under what condition can a law in Alberta operate notwithstanding the Human Rights Act? A. If it is expressly declared by an Act of the Legislature. B. If it pertains to public safety. C. If it is supported by a community referendum. D. If it is a federal law. ANSWER: A Which statement aligns with the provisions of the Alberta Human Rights Act regarding expression? A. No opinions can be expressed publicly. B. Expression of opinion is unrestricted even if it may expose others to hatred. C. Free expression of opinion is maintained, provided it does not cause harm. D. Only opinions in support of diversity are allowed. ANSWER: C What is meant by 'multiculturalism' in the context of Alberta's principles? A. A policy to restrict immigration. B. Normalization of cultural assimilation. C. Recognition of Alberta’s diverse racial and cultural composition. D. The promotion of one dominant culture. ANSWER: C Which of the following indicates discrimination according to the Alberta Human Rights Act? A. An intention to expose a person to contempt. B. Lobbying for changes in legislation. C. Assigning different roles in a workplace. D. Disagreement with a person's opinions. ANSWER: A What does the Alberta Human Rights Act imply about the importance of diversity? A. Diversity enhances the richness of life in Alberta. B. Diversity can be disregarded if it conflicts with tradition. C. Diversity must be limited to certain groups. D. Diversity is a legal obligation but lacks cultural significance. ANSWER: A What is prohibited in terms of membership according to the Act? A. Offer discounted membership to certain groups B. Exclude any person from membership C. Promote membership drives for specific demographics D. Grant lifetime membership without conditions ANSWER: B Which of the following actions is specifically prohibited regarding complaints? A. Making a complaint under the Act B. Planning to file a complaint C. Discussing a complaint with others D. Retaliating against someone for making a complaint ANSWER: D Which of the following does NOT count as a protected ground under the Act? A. Housing status B. Sexual orientation C. Gender identity D. Marital status ANSWER: A Under what condition is a contravention deemed not to have occurred? A. If it was reasonable and justifiable B. If no complaints were filed C. If the violation was unintentional D. If there is public support for the action ANSWER: A Which of the following is true about ameliorative policies? A. They aim to improve conditions for disadvantaged groups B. They must only benefit the privileged C. They are strictly prohibited by the Act D. They require government approval for implementation ANSWER: A Which group is bound by the prohibitions in this Act? A. Individuals only B. Only private businesses C. Only non-profit organizations D. The Crown in right of Alberta ANSWER: D Which of the following is a consequence of participating in a proceeding under this Act? A. Being safe from retaliation B. Gaining financial benefits C. Receiving immunity from all legal actions D. Automatically winning the case ANSWER: A What is considered a valid reason for deviation from the Act's provisions? A. Economic stability B. Personal gains C. Public opinion D. Reasonable and justifiable circumstances ANSWER: D Which of the following is not included as a condition of disadvantage under the Act? A. Age B. Educational background C. Color D. Race ANSWER: B Which of the following actions is NOT allowed in response to a disclosure made under this Act? A. Investigation of the disclosure B. Retaliation against the disclosing party C. Assisting in the investigation D. Providing support to the whistleblower ANSWER: B What is a key characteristic of an organization that can display or publish certain materials? A. It must serve a private profit motive. B. It primarily consists of individuals with similar political or religious beliefs. C. It is required to have a minimum age for membership. D. It should be composed of individuals with diverse beliefs. ANSWER: B Which action is prohibited regarding goods, services, and accommodation? A. Denying access to customarily available goods or services. B. Offering unique services to seniors. C. Restricting services based on community funding. D. Providing extended services to minors. ANSWER: A Which of the following statements about age discrimination is true? A. The law applies equally to all age groups without exceptions. B. Minors receive benefits without restrictions. C. There are exemptions for age-based classes of minors. D. Those over 55 can be excluded from certain benefits. ANSWER: C What conditions must be met when establishing a minimum age for occupancy? A. It must prevent occupancy by anyone under that age. B. It may only permit occupancy by individuals of a specific age. C. It can be applied without considering any exceptions. D. It should not exclude certain classes of individuals. ANSWER: D What happens to individuals who were residents before a minimum age for occupancy was adopted? A. They will automatically qualify for an exemption. B. Their continued occupancy is not considered non-compliant. C. They are required to reapply for residency. D. They must vacate the premises immediately. ANSWER: B Which of the following best describes the implications of a minimum age for occupancy? A. It can allow certain individuals to occupy despite a minimum age being set. B. All age groups are automatically excluded from those accommodations. C. Only senior citizens can reside in certain accommodations. D. People under the minimum age are always excluded. ANSWER: A What does the law say about providing benefits based on age? A. All individuals, regardless of age, are entitled to the same benefits. B. Certain age groups can be specifically targeted for benefits. C. There are no exceptions for individuals under a specified age. D. Benefits must be provided irrespective of age. ANSWER: B Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the term 'customarily available' in the context of services? A. Services limited to individuals employed by the organization. B. Services specifically tailored for seniors only. C. Services offered exclusively to adults. D. Services available to the general public without restrictions. ANSWER: D In terms of legal provisions regarding discrimination, which of the following is NOT a protected group? A. Individuals based on their ancestry. B. Those of a certain religious affiliation. C. People with disabilities. D. Classes of persons with a specific political belief. ANSWER: D Under which circumstances can discrimination occur regarding service access? A. Providing services only to community members. B. Denying services based on religious beliefs. C. Disallowing services based on personal choices. D. Denying services to a specific age group. ANSWER: D Which of the following protected grounds are specifically mentioned in the text regarding employment applications and advertisements? A. Race, religion, colour, gender, gender identity and gender expression, physical disability, mental disability, age, ancestry, place of origin, marital status, source of income, family status, and sexual orientation. B. Race, religion, colour, gender, gender identity, gender expression, physical disability, mental disability, age, ancestry, place of origin, marital status, source of income, family status. C. Race, religion, colour, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, ancestry, place of origin, marital status, family status. D. Race, color, religion, national origin, sex, and disability. ANSWER: A What is the purpose of the section about 'applications and advertisements re employment'? A. To prevent employers from enforcing hiring quotas that favor certain groups. B. To protect workers from being unfairly demoted and from other discriminatory actions. C. To prohibit employers from asking applicants about their salary history. D. To ensure that job applications are reviewed and accepted based on merit rather than discriminatory factors. ANSWER: D Which of the following is NOT a protected ground mentioned in the text? A. Sexual preference B. Source of income C. Family status D. Political affiliation ANSWER: D What happens when an employee is paid less than the rate of pay to which they are entitled? A. The employee can file a complaint with the Commission and the employer can be fined. B. The employee can sue the employer to recover the difference in wages, but only if the employer has been warned about the underpayment before. C. The employee can sue the employer to recover the difference in wages, but only if the underpayment occurred within the last twelve months. D. The employee can sue the employer to recover the difference in wages, but only if the employee has already filed a complaint with the Commission. ANSWER: C What is the purpose of the statement: 'Subsection (1) does not apply with respect to a refusal, limitation, specification or preference based on a bona fide occupational requirement'? A. To allow employers to exclude certain people from specific roles based on their gender, for example. B. To prevent employers from unfairly discriminating against people based on their marital status. C. To allow employers to exclude certain people from specific roles if a particular job requires a specific skill or characteristic. D. To protect employers from liability when they refuse to hire people based on their religious beliefs. ANSWER: C What is the main purpose of the section (1) that relates to age and marital status in the text? A. To make it easier for employers to design retirement and pension plans that are fair and equitable. B. To prevent companies from offering lower salaries to employees who are married or over a certain age. C. To allow employers to discriminate against people based on age and marital status as long as it is part of a bona fide retirement or pension plan. D. To prevent employers from discriminating against people over a certain age or those who are married. ANSWER: D Which of the following actions is prohibited by the 'applications and advertisements re employment' section? A. Offering a salary range for the job position during the interview. B. Asking job applicants about their race or gender. C. Asking a job applicant about their prior work experience. D. Requiring job applicants to submit a resume and cover letter. ANSWER: B What is a 'bona fide occupational requirement' in the context of employment discrimination? A. A requirement that is related to an employer's desire to create a diverse and inclusive workplace. B. A requirement that is based on an employer's desire to avoid hiring people who are likely to unionize. C. A requirement that is necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the workplace, even if it may seem discriminatory on the surface. D. A requirement that is based on an employer's personal opinion about what characteristics are important for a job. ANSWER: C Which of the following is NOT a factor that an employer can consider when making hiring decisions, according to the text? A. The applicant's ability to perform the essential duties of the job. B. The applicant's qualifications for the job. C. The applicant's experience in a similar role. D. The applicant's religious beliefs. ANSWER: D Based on the text, which of the following is a potential legal recourse for an employee who has been underpaid? A. The employee can appeal to the employer's human resources department to request a raise to correct the underpayment. B. The employee can sue the employer to recover the difference in wages, along with costs. C. The employee can file a formal complaint with the government's labour department, which may investigate the employer and impose penalties. D. The employee can file a criminal complaint against the employer with the local police department. ANSWER: B In the context of the Alberta Human Rights Act, what does 'multiculturalism' represent? A. The diverse racial and cultural composition of Alberta's society. B. The suppression of minority cultures in favor of the majority culture. C. The political ideology promoting a single dominant culture. D. The cultural homogeneity of Alberta's society. ANSWER: A Which of the following actions could be considered discriminatory under the Alberta Human Rights Act? A. Refusing to serve a customer because they are wearing a religious head covering. B. Providing a language interpreter for a meeting involving a non-native English speaker. C. Hiring a person with a disability for a job that requires specific physical abilities. D. Offering a discount for a senior citizen on a public transportation pass. ANSWER: A What does the Alberta Human Rights Act state about the importance of diversity in Alberta? A. Diversity is tolerated but not actively promoted. B. Diversity is discouraged and viewed as a source of tension. C. Diversity is seen as a threat to the cultural fabric of Alberta. D. Diversity is recognized as a valuable aspect of Alberta's society and enriching to its quality of life. ANSWER: D The Alberta Human Rights Act states that every law in Alberta is inoperative to the extent that it authorizes or requires the doing of anything prohibited by this Act. What does this mean? A. The Human Rights Act overrides any law in Alberta if there is a conflict. B. The Human Rights Act is subordinate to all other laws in Alberta. C. The Human Rights Act only applies to certain specific laws in Alberta. D. All laws in Alberta must be reviewed for potential conflicts with the Human Rights Act. ANSWER: A Which of the following statements BEST reflects the Human Rights Act's stance on freedom of expression? A. There are no restrictions on freedom of expression. B. The Human Rights Act does not address freedom of expression. C. Freedom of expression is absolute and cannot be limited. D. Freedom of expression is protected, but discriminatory or hateful speech is prohibited. ANSWER: D According to the Alberta Human Rights Act, what is the purpose of observing Alberta Heritage Day on the first Monday of August? A. To recognize and appreciate the diverse cultural heritage of Alberta. B. To mark the beginning of the summer tourism season in Alberta. C. To commemorate the establishment of the Alberta Human Rights Act. D. To celebrate the historical achievements of prominent Albertans. ANSWER: A What is a human rights tribunal permitted to do if it finds a complaint has merit in whole or in part? A. Order the person who made the complaint to cease the contravention complained of. B. Order the person against whom the complaint was made to compensate the person dealt with contrary to this Act for any wages or income lost. C. Order the person against whom the complaint was made to refrain in the future from committing the same or any similar contravention. D. All of the above. ANSWER: D Which of the following is NOT a power granted to a human rights tribunal? A. To order the person against whom the complaint was made to take any other action the tribunal considers proper to place the person dealt with contrary to this Act in the position they would have been in but for the contravention. B. To order the person against whom the complaint was made to make available to the person dealt with contrary to this Act the rights, opportunities or privileges that person was denied. C. To hold a hearing in private if the confidential nature of the matter necessitates it. D. To determine the validity of existing legislation based on its potential infringement of human rights. ANSWER: D A human rights tribunal can proceed with a hearing in the absence of the person against whom the complaint was made if: A. The person against whom the complaint was made has been provided with an opportunity to present their case in writing. B. The person against whom the complaint was made has been properly notified of the hearing. C. The tribunal considers the absence to be justified based on the nature of the complaint. D. The person against whom the complaint was made has admitted to the allegations in the complaint. ANSWER: B Which of the following is a factor that may be considered by a human rights tribunal when deciding whether to hold a hearing in private? A. The age of the person against whom the complaint was made. B. The availability of witnesses to testify at the hearing. C. The potential adverse effect on any of the parties, other than the person against whom the complaint was made. D. The severity of the alleged contravention. ANSWER: C Which of the following actions can a human rights tribunal NOT take regarding costs? A. Making any order as to costs that it considers appropriate. B. Ordering the person who made the complaint to pay a portion of the costs if their claim is found to be frivolous or vexatious. C. Ordering the person against whom the complaint was made to pay the costs of the tribunal. D. Requiring the person against whom the complaint was made to pay compensation for any financial hardship caused by the complaint. ANSWER: D What is the primary purpose of the section about 'applications and advertisements re employment' in the text? A. To define the acceptable reasons for refusing employment based on a person's protected grounds. B. To encourage employers to consider a diverse range of candidates for job roles. C. To outline the specific actions that an employer can legally take when recruiting. D. To ensure that employers do not use discriminatory practices when hiring. ANSWER: D Which of the following is a valid reason for deviation from the Act's provisions? A. A strong business case that prioritizes economic interests. B. A clearly established justification based on reason and circumstance. C. A compelling personal interest that outweighs the rights of others. D. A demonstrable need to uphold societal moral values. ANSWER: B Which protected ground is NOT explicitly mentioned in the 'applications and advertisements re employment' section, but is implied by the section's overall purpose? A. Religious Beliefs B. Place of Origin C. Family Status D. Sexual Orientation ANSWER: C Which of the following is NOT prohibited by the section that governs 'applications and advertisements re employment'? A. Asking an applicant about their experience working with people of diverse backgrounds B. Circulating a job application form that explicitly excludes candidates based on race C. Asking an applicant about their marital status D. Publishing a job advertisement that states a preference for a specific religious group ANSWER: A Concerning the section on 'applications and advertisements re employment,' this indicates the intent of the Human Rights Act to: A. Ensure fair and equal opportunities in employment B. Regulate the advertising practices of employment agencies C. Protect the personal information of job applicants D. Promote a positive work environment for diverse employees ANSWER: A Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of the provision stating 'Subsection (1) does not apply with respect to a refusal, limitation, specification or preference based on a bona fide occupational requirement'? A. It allows employers to discriminate based on any factor if it's deemed essential for the job B. It emphasizes that employers must demonstrate clear and significant reasons for any hiring preference C. It protects employers from legal repercussions for any employment decision D. It provides an exception to the general prohibition of discrimination when justified by the nature of the work ANSWER: D Which of the following scenarios accurately describes the application of 'bona fide occupational requirement'? A. A restaurant refuses to hire a cook who is allergic to nuts, as the menu includes many nut-based dishes B. A construction company prefers hiring men for physical labor roles due to perceived physical strength C. A retail store only hires employees who are 18 years or older, citing the need for mature individuals to handle customer interactions D. A school requires teachers to be fluent in English, even though the majority of students are from non-English speaking backgrounds ANSWER: A Which of the following is NOT a protected ground under the Alberta Human Rights Act, as directly stated in the provided text? A. Disability B. Family Status C. Political Affiliation D. Sexual Orientation ANSWER: C Based on the text provided, what legal recourse does an employee have if they are paid less than the rate to which they are entitled? A. They must first file a complaint with the Commission before taking legal action B. They can demand a higher wage at any time without any legal restrictions C. They can only seek legal recourse if they have proof of discrimination based on a protected ground D. They can sue their employer for the difference in wages, with a time limit of 12 months ANSWER: D Which of the following actions is explicitly prohibited by the 'applications and advertisements re employment' section? A. Publishing a job advertisement that requires a specific level of education B. Asking an applicant about their salary expectations C. Using a job application form that asks for the applicant's date of birth D. Using a job application form that asks for the applicant's gender identity ANSWER: D Which of the following is NOT a protected ground specifically mentioned in the context of 'applications and advertisements re employment'? A. Marital Status B. Religious Beliefs C. Political Affiliation D. Source of Income ANSWER: C Which of the following is the primary purpose of the statement: 'Subsection (1) as it relates to age and marital status does not affect the operation of any bona fide retirement or pension plan or the terms or conditions of any bona fide group or employee insurance plan?' A. To clarify that age and marital status are not always relevant factors in workplace policies B. To exempt certain employer practices from the general prohibitions against discrimination based on age and marital status C. To ensure that employers can offer benefits based on age and marital status D. To emphasize that employees have the right to choose their retirement and insurance plans ANSWER: B What is the main purpose of the section related to 'applications and advertisements re employment'? A. To ensure that all employment applications and advertisements are written in a clear and concise manner. B. To establish a standard format for all employment applications and advertisements nationwide. C. To promote equality in employment opportunities. D. To prevent discrimination in the hiring process based on protected grounds. ANSWER: D Which of the following is a protected ground mentioned in the text regarding employment applications and advertisements? A. Marital status B. Sexual orientation C. Religious beliefs D. All of the above. ANSWER: D The text states a minimum age for occupancy does not apply to individuals who were residents before that minimum age was adopted. What does this mean? A. Past residents who moved out cannot return to the property even if the minimum age is waived for them. B. Current residents are exempt from the new minimum age requirement. C. The law encourages existing residents to leave if they do not meet the new minimum age criteria. D. The minimum age rule only applies to new residents, not those already living there. ANSWER: B Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a protected ground under the Alberta Human Rights Act in the provided text? A. Place of Origin B. Gender identity C. Disability D. Ancestry ANSWER: B Which of the following scenarios would be considered a violation of the Alberta Human Rights Act, specifically related to the provision about goods, services, accommodation, and facilities? A. A grocery store denying a customer the right to enter without a face mask during a pandemic. B. A retail store refusing service to a group of individuals based on their religious beliefs. C. A restaurant refusing service to a customer who is wearing inappropriate clothing. D. A hotel charging a higher rate for rooms with a view. ANSWER: B What is the primary purpose of the provision in the text regarding 'applications and advertisements re employment'? A. To make the hiring process more efficient by standardizing applications and advertisements. B. To ensure that all job postings are written in a clear and concise manner. C. To prevent employers from discriminating against potential employees on the basis of protected grounds. D. To allow employers to screen out unqualified or unsuitable candidates. ANSWER: C Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that must be met for an organization to be exempt from the restrictions regarding displays and publications? A. The organization must operate solely for private profit. B. The organization must not be operated for profit. C. The organization must primarily consist of individuals who share the same religious beliefs. D. The organization must primarily consist of individuals who share the same political views. ANSWER: A What is the most accurate interpretation of the term 'customarily available' in relation to goods, services, accommodation, and facilities? A. Goods, services, accommodation, and facilities that are available at a reasonable price. B. Goods, services, accommodation, and facilities that are commonly accessible to the general public. C. Goods, services, accommodation, and facilities that are considered essential for survival. D. Goods, services, accommodation, and facilities that are offered by a specific individual or group. ANSWER: B What is the impact of the provision that the 'conferring of a benefit on individuals who have reached a specified age not less than 55' is not subject to the age-related provisions of Section 4? A. It permits discrimination against individuals above 55 years of age in all areas of life. B. It exempts organizations from providing benefits to individuals under 55 years of age. C. It allows for age-based benefits to be granted to individuals 55 years of age and older. D. It prohibits any age-based discrimination for individuals above 55 years of age. ANSWER: C Which of the following is a protected ground based on the text? A. Citizenship B. Gender C. Political Belief D. Sexual Orientation ANSWER: C An employer refuses to hire an applicant because they believe the applicant's religious beliefs would conflict with the company's values. Which protected ground is most likely at play in this scenario? A. Source of Income B. Marital Status C. Family Status D. Religious Beliefs ANSWER: D A company places an advertisement for a job that specifically states 'Must be a male between the ages of 25 and 35'. This advertisement is likely in violation of which provision of the Alberta Human Rights Act? A. Prohibition against refusing to employ someone based on a bona fide occupational requirement B. Prohibition against discrimination based on marital status C. Prohibition against using application forms or advertisements that indicate discrimination on specified grounds D. Prohibition against requiring an employee to retire at a specific age ANSWER: C A person is denied access to a public service due to their perceived gender identity. Which protected ground is being violated in this case? A. Gender B. Marital Status C. Gender Expression D. Gender Identity ANSWER: D An employer terminates an employee's employment based on their perceived sexual orientation. Which protected ground is implicated in this scenario? A. Sexual Orientation B. Place of Origin C. Family Status D. Religious Beliefs ANSWER: A A company refuses to hire an applicant because they are over 50 years old. They argue that younger employees are more adaptable to new technologies. What is a potential legal argument the applicant could use to challenge this decision? A. The company's policy violates the prohibition against age discrimination. B. The company's policy is justified by the need to maintain a diverse workforce. C. The company's policy can be challenged under the 'bona fide occupational requirement' exception. D. The company's policy is not discriminatory because it applies to all employees. ANSWER: A An employee is paid less than the minimum wage by their employer. What legal recourse does the employee have? A. The employee can demand their employer pay them the difference between the amount paid and the minimum wage. B. The employee can file a complaint with the Human Rights Commission. C. The employee can sue the employer for wage theft in civil court. D. The employee can report the employer to the Labor Standards Office. ANSWER: C A company requires all employees to be fluent in a specific language, citing the need for effective communication with a particular group of clients. This requirement is likely a 'bona fide occupational requirement' if: A. The company can prove that being fluent in the specific language is essential to performing the job effectively. B. The company can show that refusing to hire individuals who are not fluent in the language is not discriminatory. C. The company can demonstrate that the language requirement is necessary for maintaining a diverse workplace. D. The company can prove that the language requirement is a common industry standard. ANSWER: A An employer refuses to hire a person based on their ancestry. The employer claims the applicant's cultural background could lead to conflicts with existing employees. Which of the following is the MOST likely outcome of a human rights complaint regarding this incident? A. The employer will be required to pay a fine to the Human Rights Commission for violating the Act. B. The employer will be ordered to provide the applicant with compensatory damages for mental distress and lost wages. C. The employer will be required to participate in anti-discrimination training to address their prejudice. D. The employer will be ordered to hire the applicant as it is unlikely they will be able to prove a bona fide occupational requirement. ANSWER: D A company refuses to hire an applicant because their partner is in a wheelchair. The company claims that the applicant's partner's disability could create an unreasonable burden on the company. This refusal is likely based on which protected ground? A. Marital Status B. Disability C. Place of Origin D. Family Status ANSWER: D An employer posts a job advertisement that states 'Must be able to work weekends and holidays'. A person with a disability that restricts their ability to work these schedules is denied the job. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The employer is not obligated to provide reasonable accommodation for the applicant's disability because the job requires weekend and holiday work. B. The employer can argue that the 'ability to work weekends and holidays' requirement is a bona fide occupational requirement. C. The employer must provide reasonable accommodation for the applicant's disability, even if it means changing the job requirements. D. The employer can refuse to hire the applicant because their disability prevents them from meeting the job requirements. ANSWER: C Which of the following actions is NOT explicitly prohibited by the Alberta Human Rights Act in relation to membership in an organization? A. Expelling a member based on their sexual orientation. B. Refusing to grant membership to an individual based on their race. C. Requiring an individual to undergo a background check before granting membership. D. Discriminating against a member based on their source of income. ANSWER: C A human rights tribunal can order a person who has committed a contravention to make available to the person dealt with contrary to this Act the rights, opportunities, or privileges that person was denied. Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies this type of order? A. A landlord refuses to rent to a single mother because she has children, but the tribunal orders the landlord to provide her with a suitable apartment. B. A school board refuses to hire a teacher because of their religion, but the tribunal orders the board to reconsider the candidate and offer them the position. C. An employer discriminates against a job applicant because of their sexual orientation, but the tribunal orders the employer to pay the applicant lost wages. D. A store owner refuses service to a customer because of their race, but the tribunal orders the owner to apologize to the customer. ANSWER: B The Alberta Human Rights Act states that every law in Alberta is inoperative to the extent that it authorizes or requires the doing of anything prohibited by this Act. Which of the following situations exemplifies this principle? A. A law allowing for the denial of equal opportunities to people based on their race is deemed invalid under the Human Rights Act. B. A law requiring public schools to teach religious studies is deemed invalid under the Human Rights Act. C. A law restricting freedom of speech is deemed invalid under the Human Rights Act. D. A law allowing the police to detain individuals without cause is deemed invalid under the Human Rights Act. ANSWER: A The Human Rights Act mentions a 'bona fide occupational requirement' as an exception to discrimination in employment. Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates this exception? A. A restaurant hires only female waitresses because they believe women are better at serving customers. B. A construction company refuses to hire a worker who is over the age of 65, believing they are too old for physically demanding work. C. A fashion company refuses to hire models who are not a certain height or weight, citing industry standards as justification. D. A religious school hires only teachers who share their faith, arguing it's essential for maintaining the school's values. ANSWER: D The Alberta Human Rights Act allows for a human rights hearing to be held in private under certain conditions. Which of the following situations BEST illustrates a valid reason for a private hearing? A. The complainant is a public figure and fears negative media attention if their case is public. B. A witness in the case is afraid to testify publicly and requests anonymity. C. The respondent in the case is a prominent politician and fears potential harm to their reputation. D. The case involves sensitive medical information that could be potentially harmful to the complainant if made public. ANSWER: D The Human Rights Act states that a human rights tribunal 'is not bound by the rules of law respecting evidence in judicial proceedings.' What does this statement imply about evidence presented before a human rights tribunal? A. A tribunal can accept any form of evidence, regardless of its reliability or relevance. B. A tribunal has the flexibility to determine the appropriate form of evidence for each case. C. A tribunal can only accept evidence that would be admissible in a court of law. D. A tribunal is not required to follow established rules of evidence and can consider any information it deems relevant. ANSWER: D Which of the following scenarios would be considered an example of discrimination based on the provided text, regarding the denial of goods, services, accommodation, or facilities? A. A local restaurant refuses to serve a customer who is wearing a religious symbol, citing company dress code policies. B. A private school refuses to admit a student who is not of the same religious faith as the school's founders, despite the school's open admissions policy. C. A public library refuses to issue a library card to an individual who has unpaid fines from a previous library card. D. A landlord refuses to rent an apartment to a person who has a disability, but who can fulfill the lease requirements. ANSWER: D Which of the following is NOT a protected ground explicitly mentioned in the provided text regarding discrimination in the context of goods, services, and accommodation? A. Political Belief B. Race C. Sexual Orientation D. Marital Status ANSWER: C Based on the information provided, which of the following is a TRUE statement about the application of the minimum age for occupancy rules? A. Individuals who were residents before the minimum age for occupancy was adopted are exempt from the new rule. B. A minimum age for occupancy can only be applied to accommodation reserved exclusively for seniors. C. The minimum age for occupancy rules apply only to residential units, not to mobile homes. D. A minimum age for occupancy can be used to restrict occupancy to individuals over 55, but only if the unit is reserved for individuals who have reached that age. ANSWER: A The text states that "Section 4 as it relates to age does not apply with respect to... individuals who have reached a specified age not less than 55." Which of the following best reflects the implication of this statement? A. It is permissible to confer benefits based on age to individuals aged 55 or older, but not to individuals younger than 55. B. It is permissible to deny access to goods, services, accommodation, or facilities to individuals under the age of 55 based on the grounds of age. C. It is legal to discriminate against individuals aged 55 or older in the context of goods, services, accommodation, or facilities. D. It is legal to set a minimum age of 55 for occupancy in accommodation, regardless of the specific purpose of the accommodation. ANSWER: A Which of the following would be considered a legitimate reason for an organization to display or publish information that primarily targets individuals with specific political or religious beliefs? A. To express support for a specific social movement or cause related to the organization's mission. B. To promote the organization's services or products to a specific target audience. C. To communicate information relevant to the organization's activities to its members. D. To advocate for a particular political party or religious ideology. ANSWER: C Based on the information provided, which of the following scenarios would be considered an example of permissible discrimination based on age? A. A restaurant offering a senior discount to individuals aged 65 and older. B. A retirement home denying admission to a resident who hasn't reached the minimum age requirement. C. A company refusing to hire an applicant over 55 years old for a physically demanding job. D. A city council refusing to appoint a candidate under 30 years old to a public office position. ANSWER: A What is the primary purpose of the section concerning "applications and advertisements re employment" in the text? A. To ensure that all employers advertise job openings in multiple media outlets. B. To require employers to include a specific statement regarding equal opportunity in all job advertisements. C. To establish a minimum age for applicants applying for specific job positions. D. To prevent employers from making discriminatory statements in job advertisements and applications. ANSWER: D Which of the following scenarios would NOT be considered a violation of the Human Rights Act, based on the provided information? A. A company offering a promotion based on seniority, which disproportionately benefits older employees. B. A landlord refusing to rent an apartment to a couple because they belong to a specific religious group. C. A school excluding a student from a scholarship program based on their race. D. An employer refusing to hire a candidate because they are pregnant. ANSWER: A The text mentions a "bona fide occupational requirement" in the context of employment discrimination. Which of the following BEST describes this concept? A. A requirement that must be met by all job candidates, regardless of their protected grounds. B. A requirement that is justified by the employer's need to promote diversity in the workplace. C. A requirement that is based on the employer's preference for a specific type of candidate. D. A requirement that is essential for performing the job safely and effectively, even if it may seem discriminatory. ANSWER: D Which of the following is a TRUE statement about permissible discrimination based on age, as described in the text? A. It is permissible to discriminate against individuals above the age of 55 when it comes to awarding benefits. B. Discrimination based on age is permissible in cases involving individuals under the age of 18. C. It is permissible to discriminate against individuals under the age of 55 in all circumstances. D. Setting a minimum age for occupancy in residential units applies only to units rented to individuals under 55. ANSWER: B Which of the following protected grounds is NOT explicitly mentioned in the preamble of the Alberta Human Rights Act? A. Source of Income B. Political Affiliation C. Gender identity D. Religious beliefs ANSWER: B According to the Act, which of the following actions could be considered a 'bona fide occupational requirement' that may justify discrimination? A. Requiring all employees to be members of a specific religious organization. B. Offering a higher salary to someone based on their gender, as a means of promoting gender equity in the workplace. C. Refusing to hire someone from a particular ethnic background, based on assumptions about cultural compatibility. D. Refusing to hire someone for a job due to their age, if the job requires physical strength. ANSWER: D The Alberta Human Rights Act states that 'every law of Alberta is inoperative to the extent that it authorizes or requires the doing of anything prohibited by this Act.' What does this statement imply about the relationship between the Act and other laws in Alberta? A. The Act overrides all other provincial laws, regardless of their content. B. The Act has no power to invalidate other laws in Alberta. C. The Act invalidates any other law that authorizes or requires discriminatory actions, even if those actions are not explicitly mentioned within the Act. D. The Act can only invalidate other laws if they explicitly contradict its provisions. ANSWER: C The Alberta Human Rights Act states that 'it is recognized in Alberta as a fundamental principle and as a matter of public policy that all persons are equal in: dignity, rights and responsibilities without regard to race, religious beliefs, colour, gender, gender identity, gender expression, physical disability, mental disability, age, ancestry, place of origin, marital status, source of income, family status or sexual orientation.' What does this statement imply about the Act's purpose? A. The Act aims to promote social harmony by encouraging individuals to treat each other with respect. B. The Act seeks to establish a legal framework that ensures equal access to opportunities and services for all individuals. C. The Act is focused on protecting the rights of individuals who are marginalized or discriminated against. D. All of the above. ANSWER: D According to the Alberta Human Rights Act, which of the following actions could be considered discriminatory? A. A restaurant refusing service to a customer who is wearing inappropriate clothing. B. A school refusing to hire a teacher due to their sexual orientation. C. A landlord refusing to rent an apartment to a family with children due to concerns about noise. D. An employer requiring all employees to undergo a background check. ANSWER: B What does the Alberta Human Rights Act state about the importance of observing Alberta Heritage Day on the first Monday of August? A. It encourages all Albertans to participate in cultural events and celebrations. B. It emphasizes the significance of recognizing and celebrating the diverse cultural heritage of Alberta. C. It symbolizes Alberta's commitment to promoting multiculturalism and respect for all cultures. D. All of the above. ANSWER: D