Sitaw Production Guide PDF

SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide  1 SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide S itao (pole and bush type) are vegetable legumes COST AND RE...

SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide  1 SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide S itao (pole and bush type) are vegetable legumes COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS widely grown in the PARTICULARS BUSH SITAO POLE SITAO country. These crops Estimated /Ha 10,000 15,000 provide good source Estimated Gross Income 80,000.00 15,000.00 of income and cheap Estimated Gross Margin 26,691.75 91,516.75 substitutes of animal Return on Investment (ROI) 50.07% 156.48% protein. Aside from their Breakeven Price (kg) 5.33 3.90 food value, dried seeds of sitao can serve as raw materials for the preparation of animal feeds. They are also valuable to agriculture because of their ability REFERENCES to improve soil condition through nitrogen fixation. 1. Technopackage for Vegetable Legumes. Agricultural Pilot Center, DA-CVLMROS, Sitao is easy to grow and it takes only about one and half months Iguig, Cagayan. to harvest. 2. Bush Sitao Production Guide. Agricultural SOIL AND CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS Communication Section, Department of Agriculture Regional Field Unit No. 02, S itao are non-sesonal crop. It can be grown throughout Tuguegarao City the year. They can thrive in various types of soil. However, a fertile, friable, well-drained soil with high organic matter and pH 3. Gintong Ani Production Guide for Bush Sitao. Department of Agriculture Regional Field Unit No. value between 5.5 to 6.8 is the best soil suitable for successful o 02, Tuguegarao City growing. The temperature range for optimum growth is 20 to 35 C. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Selection of Varieties Select varieties that are high yielding, resistant to pests and diseases, non-seasonal, adapted to local climatic conditions and acceptable to the consumers to gain optimum yield and profit. Several improved varieties are listed in the Guide in Selecting Lowland Vegetable Varieties included in this kit for your reference.  9 SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide 2 Test the viability of the seeds before planting. Land Preparation S tart preparing the land 3 to 4 weeks before planting. Plow the field to a depth of at least 20 cm. For better plant growth COST AND RETURN ANALYSIS FOR SITAO and development, plow and harrow the field 2 to 3 times at one week interval. Per Hectare Basis for CY 2008 BUSH SITAO POLE SITAO When the soil moisture is just right for planting, make furrows at 20 cm deep with the following recommended row spacing: PARTICULARS UNIT TOTAL UNIT QTY COST COST UNIT QTY UNIT TOTAL (P) (P) COST COST A. LABOR INPUTS Type Spacing (cm) 1. Land Preparation a. 1st Plowing MAD 7 300 2,100 7 300 2,100 b. 1st Harrowing MAD 6 300 1,800 6 300 1,800 Pole Type 100 c. 2nd Plowing MAD 6 300 1,800 6 300 1,800 d. 2nd Harrowing MAD 3 300 900 3 300 900 Bush Type 75 f. Furrowing MAD 3 300 900 3 300 900 2. Basal Fertilizaiton MD 4 150 600 MD 4 150 600 3. Planting MD 8 150 1200 MD 8 150 1200 4. Staking MD 12 150 1,800 Soil and Fertilizer Management T 5. Weeding/cultivation MAD 15 150 2,250 MAD 15 150 2,250 6. Control of Pest and MD 8 150 1,200 MD 8 150 1,200 o achieve optimum yield, apply the right kind and amount of Diseases fertilizer at the right time. Although leguminous crops can fix 7. Harvesting (4x) MD 12 x 4 150 7,200 MD 14 x 4 150 8,400 8. Sorting and Packing MD 4 x 2 150 1,200 MD 4 x 2 150 nitrogen, they also need other elements aside from nitrogen 1,200 9. Hauling (4x) MD 4 150 600 MD 4 150 600 in order to survive. To determine this, have your soil analyzed at Sub-total 21,750 24,750 the Soil Laboratory nearest you. B. INPUTS In the absence of soil analysis, apply three bags of complete 1. Seeds (OPV) kg 25 300 7,500 kg 20 420 8,400 fertilizer (14-14-14) and 20 bags of organic fertilizer or compost 2. Fertilizer per hectare at basal during the dry season. Apply this amount - Complete (14-14-14) bag 3 5,700 bag 3 1,900 5,700 uniformly into the furrows just before planting. Cover the fertilizer - Organic Fertilizer bab 20 4,000 bab 20 200 4,000 - Foliar Fertilizer box 9 1,755 box 9 195 1,755 with 2 to 3 cm fine soil before planting to protect the seeds from 3. Insecticide liter 3 2,550 liter 3 850 2,550 getting in contact with the fertilizer. Supplement with foliar fertilizer 4. Fungicide kg 2 1,100 kg 2 550 1,100 during flowering stage. For wet season planting, apply only foliar 5. Polyethylene sack 100 500 sack 100 5 500 fertilizer during flowering stage. 6. Miscelaneous 1,500 1,500 Sub-total 24,605 25,505 Planting Sub-total (A&B) 46,355 50,255 Contingency (15% of the total labor and material inputs) GRAND TOTAL Le guminous vegetables vary in their growth habits, hence they are planted at different methods and spacing. MD - man days  3 SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide 8 For pole and bush sitao, the following spacing, plant population SEED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY and seed requirement per hectare is recommended: C ertified seeds of vegetables are expensive. However, the purity is guaranteed. For commercial scale production, Spacing (cm) Plant Seed Type using certified seeds every planting season is more Population/ Requirement/ Row profitable. For home gardens, it is advisable to produce your own Hill ha ha (kg) planting materials from certified seeds. Pole Type 100 50 40,000 10 - 20 To produce good seeds, follow these steps to minimize degeneration of the variety: Bush Type 75 25 - 30 1 25 53,333 Select a site for seed production preferably at the center of the field. Methods of Planting: 2 Plant one seed per hill following the recommended distance for sitao. Follow the recommended cultural management practices for the crop. 1. Drill Method. Plant 18 to 20 seeds per linear meter. Distribute the 3 Evaluate the performance of each hill as to productivity and reaction to insect pests and diseases. Rogue hills that are not productive, susceptible to insect-pests and diseases and not true- seeds uniformly in the furrows. Cover the seeds to-type. lightly with 3 to 4 cm fine soil. 4 Use only the harvest from the first and second priming for seed purposes. 2. Hill Method. Plant 2 to 3 seeds per hill using the specified distance 5 Sundry harvested pods for 2 to 3 days but not too long to expose to high heat intensity. Turn occasionally to ensure uniform drying. indicated in the table. 6 Cover the seeds lightly Shell the pods after drying. Separate abnormal and deformed with 3 to 4 cm fine soil. seeds from good ones. Dry the good seeds until they have reached 8 to 12 percent moisture content. During the wet season or cowpea in 30 cm high. in areas where drainage is poor, plant sitao and beds or ridges raised about 10 to 7 Treat the seeds with recommended insecticides to kill minute larvae of bean weevil. If fruits of hot pepper are available, slice the ripe fruit and mix with the seeds before drying. Water Management 8T reat the seeds with fungicide to prevent seed-born fungus diseases. I f soil moisture is not sufficient during planting time, water the field immediately after planting to ensure uniform germination. Frequency of irrigation depends on soil type and weather 9S tore the seeds in a glass jar, plastic bags, cotton or nylon net or any suitable container. Fill at least 10 percent of the container condition. Sandy loam soil need more frequent irrigation. Construct drainage canal if the area has poor drainage. with charcoal as desicant. Label the seeds and keep in a dry and  7 SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide 4 Practice furrow irrigation as soon as plants exhibit signs of water Sundry harvested pods immediately until they become stress. Wilting in the morning or evening indicates moisture stress. brittle. It is important to program the planting period so that moisture Thresh the pods using a mechanical thresher or manually stress or water logging will be avoided. with the feet or with a wooden flail. Staking Pole Type Sitao Clean the seeds by winnowing. Discard damaged and P immature seeds. rovide stakes for pole sitao when the plants Sundry the seeds begin to climb or to 10 to 12percent just after hilling up but not moisture content later than 25 days after (MC). Spread the emergence (DAE). seeds evenly on drying nets or Use ipil-ipil stems with canvas. Turn the a diameter of 1 to 2 cm, seeds every 30 stems of “talahib/runo” or minutes to attain splitted bamboo as staking uniform drying. It materials. takes 1 to 3 days at 3 to 4 hours Place 1.5 to 2 meters long Change picture stakes between plants within the furrows in slanting position so drying per day to that the top of the stakes intersects with the opposite stake in the dry the seeds adjacent furrow. Place bamboo slats or ipil-ipil stem horizontally depending on the on top of the intersection and tie the stakes to this. initial MC of the seeds and the Corn plants can also serve as biological trellis for pole sitao. Plant intensity of sunlight. corn and pole sitao alternately at a distance of 100 cm between furrows and 30 cm between hills. Bite the seeds to determine the dryness. If it gives a cracking sound, the seeds are dried. Another practical Train the pole sitao vines method of determining the dryness of the seeds is to place to climb the trellis as they one half kg seeds in a plastic bag. Tie the bag tightly and grow. expose under the sun. If water gathers in the plastic in 30 minutes to one hour, the MC of the seeds is still high. Store dried seeds in moisture-proof containers to prevent  5 SITAO Production Guide SITAO Production Guide 6 Care of the Plants Harvest green pods twice T hin the plants 5 to 7 a week, in the morning days after emergence or late in the afternoon (DAE) leaving 15 to when the temperature 18 plants per linear meter is low so in the drill method and that pods are fresh. 2 plants per hill in the hill method. Place the pods in a shaded areatominimize Keep the field weed-free deterioration. since they compete with the crop for light, moisture Clean the pods and sort and nutrients. Do interrow them according to size, cultivation at 10 to 15 DAE to control weeds. Hill-up at 25 to 30 color and maturity. days after emergence. Spot weed after hilling-up. Separate damaged, Bush and pole sitao are commonly attacked by cutworms, bugs, insect-infested or beanfly, aphids and pod borer. Observe the field at 3 to 10 DAE diseased pods. for occurence of beanfly. Apply appropriate control measures if infestation is severe. Common diseases include fusarium wilt, Pack the produce in suitable containers preferably crates, stem and root rot, bean rust, bean mosaic and powdery mildew. baskets or boxes lined with fresh banana leaves or For effective control, please refer to the Pest and Disease newspaper to maintain freshness and minimize damage Management Guide for Lowland Vegetables included in this kit. during transport. Harvesting and Postharvest Operation Refrigerate unconsumed or undisposed harvested pods or T keep them in a moistened clay jars to maintain its imely harvesting is necessary to attain good yield and quality freshness for about three days before marketing. harvest. Harvesting depends on the purpose of the grower whether it is for green pod or dry seed production. Bean Yield Production Green Pod Production Pods are ready for Harvest pods when harvest when these turn these are still green brown. Harvest the crop and immature. Do not by priming or hand allow the pods to picking the dried pods in become fibrous and the morning when the fully grown with prominent seeds before harvesting.