AGRO-112 (New) Introductory Agro-Meteorology & Climate Change PDF

Karmaveer Kakasaheb Wagh Education Society’s K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTRURE, Saraswatinagar Nagar, Panchavati, Nasik-422003 Department Of Agronomy Theory Notes of Ist Semester Course No: AGRO-112 Course Title: Introductory Agro-Meteorology &...

Karmaveer Kakasaheb Wagh Education Society’s K. K. WAGH COLLEGE OF AGRICULTRURE, Saraswatinagar Nagar, Panchavati, Nasik-422003 Department Of Agronomy Theory Notes of Ist Semester Course No: AGRO-112 Course Title: Introductory Agro-Meteorology & Climate Change Credit: 2(1+1)  Introduction to Meteorology 1.Aristotle [384-322B. C.] defined Meteorology as a study of lower atmosphere. [Meteor- Lower atmosphere and logus- means science] 2. It is also defined as the science of atmosphere and its phenomena, especially those phenomena which we call collectively as weather and climate. 3. Meteorology can be defined as the Science of atmosphere which deals with the physics, chemistry and dynamics of atmosphere and also their direct and indirect effects upon the earth surface, oceans and thereby Life in general Study of weather elements comes under Meteorology and this Science and with Animals Science also. Climatology:- It is defined as a scientific study of climate. It discovers, describes, & interprets the climate on the basis of causes processes that generate them or Climatology is the science which studies average condition of weather or the state behavior of the atmosphere over a place or region for a long period of time. Ecology:- 1. According to Taylor 1936. Ecology is the science of all relation of all organisms to all their environment. 2. According to 1957. Ecology concerned itself with the inter relationship of Living organisms and their environment. 3. In general ecology is a branch of biology that deals with the relation of living things to their surroundings. Agricultural Meteorology and Its Levels 1. J.W. Smith (1916) has defined Agricultural Meteorology as “Meteorology in its relation to agriculture” 2. It can be defined as the science investigating Meteorology, climates and hydrologic condition, which are significant to agriculture. 3. In short Agril. Meteorology is the applied branch of meteorology, which deals with the relationship between climates, weather and life and growth of the cultivated plants and animals. Levels of Study of Meteorology: Study of meteorology is organized at three levels. 1. Micro scale: A process operating within vegetation canopies near earth surface its size is in few cm and Life span is few seconds. 2. Mesoscale: The systems are approximately 10km in size and a lifetime is of few hours [up to5 hrs] eg. Thunder storm. 3. Macro scale: It is divided into two scales. A) Synoptic scale: These systems have a diameter of few thousand km. and life time of about 5 days Eg. Tropical storm, cyclones. B) Planetary scale: These systems have a diameter of 5000 to 10000 km and persist for several weeks Eg. Waves in the atmosphere circulation. Importance and Scope of Meteorology in Agriculture Weather and climate is a resource and considered as basic input or resources in agricultural planning, every plant process related with growth development and yield of a crop is affected by weather. Similarly every farm operation such as ploughing harrowing, land preparation, weeding, irrigation, manuring, spraying, dusting, harvesting, threshing, storage and transport of farm produce are affected by weather. The scope of Agril Meteorology can be illustrated through the following few applications. 1. Characterization of agricultural climate for determining crop growing season: solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity etc. are important climatic factors on which the growth, development and yield of a crop depends Agro-meteorology considers and assess the suitability of these parameters in a given region for maximum crop production and economical benefits. 2. Crop planning for stability in production: To reduce risk of crop failure on climatic part, so as to get stabilized yields even under weather adversity, suitable crops/cropping patterns/contingent cropping planning can be selected by considering water requirements of crop, effective, rainfall and available soil moisture. 3. Crop management: Management of crop involves various farm operations such as, sowing fertilizer application. Plat protection, irrigation scheduling, harvesting etc. can be carried out on the basis of specially tailored weather support. For this the use of operational forecasts, available from agro met advisories is made e.g. 1) Weeding harrowing, mulching etc are undertaken during dry spells forecasted. 2) Fertilizer application is advisable when rainfall is not heavy wind speed is