Fish Farm Design PDF

Here is the transcription of the provided text and figures from your images. # FIS 314 # FISH FARM DESIGN The success of fish farming enterprise depends to a large extent on the proper selection of the site to be developed into a fish farm. Once a high potential site has been thoroughly analyzed an...

Here is the transcription of the provided text and figures from your images. # FIS 314 # FISH FARM DESIGN The success of fish farming enterprise depends to a large extent on the proper selection of the site to be developed into a fish farm. Once a high potential site has been thoroughly analyzed and found suitable for fish farming, it must be surveyed. Based on this detailed survey and the targeted production strategy, farm design plans and layout are then drawn up by an experienced aquaculture expert. The possible ways to design a farm are endless, but certain designs are definitely more efficient and effective than others. Farm design is always an exciting period, but it takes a skilled and experienced aquaculture expert (engineer) to put together the best fish farm design for a given site. It may look easy, but it is really a very involved and complicated process. The following factors are main features to be considered while selecting site for fish farms. In order to select a suitable site for aquaculture, ecological/physical factors, biological factors, economical and social factors have to be considered. ## ECOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL FACTORS **Topography:** The proposed site for a fish farm should not be too flat or hilly, a gentle slope is required. A good topography allows the pond to drain and fill properly. **Soil Suitability:** Soil is made up of organic particles of decayed plant and animal bodies. Mineral particles such as sand, clay, stones or gravel which were once parts of larger rocks. To make a success of freshwater fish farming, soil quality is important to the prospective farmer. The soil should be at least 30% clay for it to hold water and ensure there is little or no seepage. ### Water Quality and Quantity: **Water Quality:** Water is one of the most important and most precious natural resources. Good water quality is one of the most important aspects for fish farming. Water, irrespective of its origin, can be used provided it is of desirable quality and available in quantity. The quality of water source must be examined, if the source contains toxic materials can either kill fish directly or accumulate in fish body which smells and brings harm to people's health. In such a case, other fresh water sources should be considered. The most common sources of water used for aquaculture include (streams, springs, wells, borehole etc. water for culture should have a pH range of 6.8-8.9 **Water Quantity:** Water should be abundant with a stable level to meet the first-hand information on the variation of water level in different seasons. This is the principal consideration to design the area for fish pond. Water amount will influence the production potentials, so the relevant information as hydrology, meteorology, topographical feature and edaphic quality should be collected and then, the calculation could be conducted in conjunction with water depth needed by per unit area fish pond based on the flowing amount of different seasons so as to ensure adequate water supply for fish ponds and fields as well to establish a farm, thus, avoiding the draught through leakage in the dry season and the overflow in flooding seasons. For fish farm, water supply should be available within or near the farm site. A good water source will be relatively free of silt, aquatic insects, potential predators, and toxic substances, and it will have high concentration of dissolved oxygen. ### Vegetation Vegetation with grassland is the most suitable and preferred land with thick forest, large and high trees should be avoided to reduce cost of production and enhance productivity. ## BIOLOGICAL FACTORS During the survey for selection of fish farm site, the following consideration should be taken up. They are: * Species to be produced * Availability of stocking materials (fish fry, fingerlings, spawned fish) fish seed * Types of the plan such as small scale project or large scale project. * System/ management options which include extensive, semi-intensive, intensive farming, monoculture, polyculture and integrated farming. * Production target ## ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS The most important economic and social factors are as follows: * Development plans for the projected area * Proximity to road and connectivity * Availability of equipment, services and supplies needed for running the project. * Construction materials * Location of markets for the produce ## FISH FARM DESIGN AND LAYOUT Based upon the survey on topography, soil type, water supply, etc. the detail designing and layout of the ponds and structures will be done. The design of a fish farm is a function of the type of production to be carried out. There are different sections / production units of a fish farm they include: * **Hatchery/spawning Unit/section:** for breeding of fishes, fertilization of eggs and hatching of the eggs are done in this ponds * **Nursery unit/section:** for rearing of fish hatchlings to fish fry stage, for production and rearing of fish fry production. * **Grow out unit/section:** Those ponds that are used for table fish production. * **Processing unit/section:** where fish and fish products are processed * **Feed mill unit/section:** where feed production is done According to the use for specific purpose of farming activities ponds can be categorized into different types as follows: * **Spawning/Hatchery Pond:** for breeding of fishes, fertilization of eggs and hatching of the eggs are done in this ponds. * **Nursery Ponds:** for rearing of fish hatchlings to fish fry stage, for production and rearing of fish fry production. * **Grow out ponds:** Those ponds that are used for table fish production. * **Storage/ holding ponds:** Generally such ponds are used to keep fishes in temporary basis before marketing. * **Brood stock pond:** for rearing fish brooders for fish breeding operation in seed production. **Image Description:** The image is a hand-drawn sketch of a fish farm layout. Here's a breakdown of the key components: * **Admin Block:** Includes "Security House," "Toilet & Bathrooms," and "Offices." * **Water Source:** Labeled as "Bore hole." * **Hatchery Unit:** Section labeled as "Hatchery" with individual ponds or tanks. * **Holding Ponds:** Designated area for "Holding Ponds" with arrows to "Husery" * An arrow from "Holding Ponds" points to a "Nursery". * **Grow Out Ponds:** A section labeled "Grow Out Ponds" with multiple ponds. * **Processing Unit** * **Feed Mill** * **Store** * **Water Treatment Unit** * **Brood Stock Pond** The bottom right section is "Brood Stock Pond." * **Slope** A "Slope" and outward arrow is at the top, indicating direction. * **Return to earth** An arrow points from the Hatchery Unit to "Return to Earth." * **Gutter:** A "Gutter" outlines the Grow Out Ponds, the Feed Mill and the Brood Stock Pond to carry water through the farm.