Basic Electronics - Introduction to Electronics PDF

BASIC ELECTRONICS Introduction to Electronics Definition, History and Application of Electronics PREPARED BY: Engr. Kennel L. Belas  OBJECTIVES Understand the Basics of Electronics – Define electronics, and recognize its significance in modern ap...

BASIC ELECTRONICS Introduction to Electronics Definition, History and Application of Electronics PREPARED BY: Engr. Kennel L. Belas  OBJECTIVES Understand the Basics of Electronics – Define electronics, and recognize its significance in modern applications. Explore the History of Electronics – Trace its key developments, highlight significant inventions and the impact of electronics and technology. Explore Practical Applications – Examine how electronics are used in everyday life, industries, and emerging technologies.  TABLE OF CONTENT 01 02 INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS ELECTRONICS 03 04 APPLICATION OF CONCLUSIONS ELECTRONICS "Aviation is proof that given the will, we have the capacity to achieve the impossible.“ - Eddie Rickenbacker  01 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS  1. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS 1.1 WHAT IS ELECTRONICS? a branch of physics that deals with the science that deals with the the emission, behavior, and effects behavior and control of electrons (as in electron tubes of electrons in vacuums and gases, and transistors) and and with the use of with electronic devices electron tubes, photoelectric cells, transistors, etc. - merriam-webster.com - collinsdictionary.com This branch of physics, known as electronics, focuses on the emission, behavior, and effects of electrons in different environments, including vacuum, gases, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. It plays a crucial role in the development and operation of electronic devices such as electron tubes, transistors, and photoelectric cells. As an interdisciplinary field, electronics bridges physics and engineering, enabling advancements in modern technology and electrical systems. 1.2 IMPORTANCE AND RELEVANCE OF ELECTRONICS IN MODERN SOCIETY 1.2.1 Essential to Daily Life Electronics are integrated into almost every aspect of daily activities. From smartphones to industrial machinery, they influence how we live and work. 1.2.2 Transformation of Industries Communication – Smartphones, the internet, and social media have revolutionized how people connect. Transportation – GPS systems, electric vehicles, and automated systems enhance efficiency. Healthcare – Medical devices, imaging technologies, and telemedicine improve patient care. Entertainment – Streaming services, gaming consoles, and digital media shape leisure activities. 1.2.3 Impact on Society and Economy Electronics drive innovation, boosting economic growth and job creation. They shape global markets, influencing trade, manufacturing, and technological advancements. Societies have become more interconnected through digital transformation. 1.2.4 Future Implications Continued advancements in electronics will further enhance automation, artificial intelligence, and smart technologies. They will play a crucial role in shaping future developments in sustainability and digital security.  Electronics are more than just tools; they are the foundation of modern progress. The ongoing evolution of electronics will continue to shape human life, culture, and technological growth. 1.2.5 Impact of Electronics on Society The impact of electronics on society has been substantial, shaping the way we live, work, and connect with one another. The widespread adoption of electronic devices has revolutionized communication, allowing people to stay connected across the globe and facilitating instantaneous information exchange. Furthermore, electronics have transformed the way we work, with automation and digital technologies streamlining processes and increasing efficiency in various industries. This has led to significant changes in the job market, creating new opportunities while also posing challenges for those whose skills are becoming obsolete. Additionally, the prevalence of electronics has had profound effects on entertainment and leisure activities, from the way we consume media to the emergence of new forms of digital entertainment. Moreover, electronics have played a crucial role in driving innovation and technological advancement across various sectors, from healthcare to transportation. The integration of electronics into medical devices has enabled groundbreaking developments in healthcare, improving diagnosis and treatment options. In the transportation industry, electronics have led to the development of electric vehicles and the implementation of advanced safety features, reducing environmental impact and enhancing road safety. While the impact of electronics on society has been overwhelmingly positive, it has also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the digital divide. As technology continues to evolve, it is vital to address these challenges and ensure that the benefits of electronics are accessible to all, while minimizing potential drawbacks. Overall, the impact of electronics on society is multifaceted, influencing nearly every aspect of our daily lives and driving continuous societal transformation. 1.2.6 Future Trends in Electronics The future of electronics holds exciting possibilities as technology continues to advance at a rapid pace. One of the key trends we can expect to see is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into electronic devices. This will enable devices to learn and adapt to user preferences, making them more intuitive and user-friendly. Additionally, the development of more efficient and sustainable power sources, such as advanced batteries and solar cells, will contribute to the growth of electronic devices in the future. Another important trend is the continued miniaturization of electronics. As technology becomes smaller and more powerful, we can expect to see even more compact and portable electronic devices. This trend will have significant implications for various industries, including healthcare, communication, and entertainment. Furthermore, the Internet of Things (IoT) will continue to expand, connecting various electronic devices to create smart and interconnected systems. This will lead to greater convenience and efficiency in our daily lives, as well as new opportunities for businesses and industries. Overall, the future of electronics is likely to be characterized by smarter, more sustainable, and interconnected devices that will continue to revolutionize the way we live and work.  02 HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS  2. HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS The history of electronics traces back to the discovery and understanding of electricity, leading to groundbreaking inventions that revolutionized technology. 2.1 Early Foundations (18th – 19th Century) 1752: Benjamin Franklin’s kite experiment demonstrated the principles of electricity. 1800: Alessandro Volta invented the first true battery, the voltaic pile, providing a continuous source of electric current.  1820s: André-Marie Ampère and Georg Ohm developed fundamental electrical laws (Ampère’s Circuital Law and Ohm’s Law). 1831: Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, the principle behind transformers and electric generators. 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, an early example of applied electrical technology. 2.2. Birth of Electronics (Late 19th – Early 20th Century) 1883: Thomas Edison discovered the “Edison effect,” the foundation for vacuum tube technology. 1897: J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, leading to a deeper understanding of electrical conduction. 1904: John Ambrose Fleming invented the vacuum tube diode, marking the beginning of electronic components. 1906: Lee De Forest developed the triode vacuum tube, enabling the amplification of electrical signals, a crucial development for radio and early computers. 3. The Rise of Modern Electronics (Mid 20th Century) 1920s-30s: The development of radio broadcasting and television brought electronics into everyday life. 1947: John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invented the transistor, revolutionizing electronics by replacing bulky vacuum tubes. 1958: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce developed the integrated circuit (IC), allowing multiple electronic components to be placed on a single chip, leading to miniaturization. 1960s-70s: The rise of digital electronics, microprocessors, and semiconductor technology paved the way for modern computing. 4. The Digital Revolution (Late 20th – 21st Century) 1971: Intel introduced the first commercial microprocessor (Intel 4004), enabling the development of personal computers. 1980s-90s: Rapid advancements in computing, mobile phones, and the internet transformed communication and information processing. 2000s-Present: The emergence of smartphones, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and quantum computing continue to shape the future of electronics. The evolution of electronics has dramatically transformed society, enabling the development of modern communication, computing, automation, and smart technology. With continuous advancements in nanotechnology, AI, and renewable energy, the future of electronics promises even greater innovations that will further revolutionize human life. 03 APPLICATION OF ELECTRONICS  3. APPLICATION OF ELECTRONICS The applications of electronics in daily life are vast and have significantly impacted the way we communicate, entertain ourselves, maintain our health, and travel. In the realm of communication, electronics have revolutionized the way we interact with one another, from the invention of the telephone to the widespread use of smartphones and social media platforms. In terms of entertainment, electronics have brought about a plethora of options for individuals to enjoy, ranging from streaming services to virtual reality experiences. Additionally, electronics have transformed the healthcare industry through advanced medical devices, telemedicine, and electronic health records, improving patient care and accessibility to medical services. Furthermore, in the field of transportation, electronic innovations have led to the development of electric vehicles, autonomous driving technologies, and efficient public transportation systems, contributing to reduced emissions and safer modes of travel. Overall, the applications of electronics in daily life continue to shape and enhance our experiences, making them an integral part of modern society. 3.1 Communication In modern life, the importance of electronics in communication cannot be overstated. From the invention of the telephone to the widespread use of smartphones, electronics have revolutionized the way we connect and communicate with each other. The development of electronic devices such as mobile phones, email, social media platforms, and video conferencing software has made it easier than ever to stay in touch with friends, family, and colleagues regardless of geographical barriers. Moreover, the advancements in electronic communication have led to improved efficiency and productivity in various industries, as instant communication allows for quick decision-making and problem-solving. Electronics have also played a crucial role in breaking down language barriers through translation tools and language-learning apps, making communication more accessible and inclusive. Additionally, the integration of electronics in communication has paved the way for new forms of expression and creativity, such as podcasts, vlogging, and digital art, further adding to the richness of human interaction. The impact of electronic communication on our daily lives is undeniable, and its continuous evolution and innovation will undoubtedly shape the way we communicate in the future. 3.2 Entertainment Entertainment has been revolutionized by the advancements in electronics. The integration of electronic devices has led to a vast array of entertainment options, from streaming services to virtual reality experiences. Electronics have transformed the way we consume media, allowing for on-demand access to a wide range of content, including movies, TV shows, music, and gaming. The convenience and portability of electronic devices have made entertainment more accessible than ever before, with individuals able to enjoy their favorite forms of entertainment wherever they go. Additionally, electronics have facilitated the development of cutting-edge entertainment technology, such as high-definition displays, immersive sound systems, and interactive gaming platforms. These advancements have significantly enhanced the overall entertainment experience, providing users with more engaging and immersive entertainment options. As a result, electronics play a crucial role in shaping modern entertainment, offering unprecedented levels of choice, accessibility, and quality to consumers around the world. 3.3 Healthcare The application of electronics in healthcare has revolutionized the way medical professionals diagnose, treat, and monitor patients. From advanced medical imaging technologies such as MRI and CT scans to electronic health records and telemedicine, electronics have greatly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Electronic devices like pacemakers, insulin pumps, and continuous glucose monitors have also significantly enhanced the quality of life for patients with chronic conditions. Furthermore, wearable health devices and mobile health apps enable individuals to track their health metrics, participate in remote monitoring programs, and access valuable health information in real-time. In addition, electronic medical instruments and equipment have contributed to the development of minimally invasive surgical procedures, robotic surgery, and remote surgical interventions, leading to better patient outcomes and shorter recovery times. Moreover, electronic monitoring and alert systems in hospitals and nursing homes have improved patient safety and enabled quick responses to medical emergencies. The integration of electronics in healthcare has undoubtedly played a crucial role in advancing medical treatments, improving patient care, and ultimately saving lives. 3.4 Transportation Transportation has been significantly transformed by the implementation of electronics in modern society. From GPS systems and traffic management to electric vehicles and autonomous driving technology, electronics play a crucial role in enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability in transportation. The integration of electronics has revolutionized the way we travel, enabling real-time navigation, data-driven decision-making, and the development of eco-friendly alternatives to traditional vehicles. The widespread use of GPS technology has revolutionized transportation by providing accurate and efficient navigation for drivers, pilots, and even pedestrians. Additionally, traffic management systems, powered by electronics, enable the optimization of traffic flow, reducing congestion and improving overall safety on the roads. Moreover, the development of electric vehicles, driven by advanced battery and charging technologies, offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fossil-fuel-powered vehicles. The advancements in autonomous driving technology, supported by sophisticated electronic sensors and control systems, are paving the way for safer and more efficient transportation in the future. Overall, the integration of electronics in transportation has led to significant advancements in navigation, traffic management, vehicle technology, and sustainability. These innovations have not only improved the efficiency and safety of transportation but also contributed to the overall well-being of society and the environment. As technology continues to evolve, the role of electronics in transportation will only continue to expand, driving further improvements in the way we move from place to place. 3.5 Aeronautics Electronics play a crucial role in aeronautics, impacting various aspects of aircraft design, operation, and safety. Here are some key areas where electronics are integral: 3.5.1 Avionics Systems Navigation: Electronic systems like GPS, inertial navigation systems (INS), and flight management systems (FMS) help pilots navigate accurately. Communication: Radios and satellite communication systems enable communication between the aircraft and air traffic control, as well as between aircraft. Surveillance: Systems such as transponders and radar assist in tracking aircraft and ensuring safe distances between them. 3.5.2 Flight Control Systems Fly-by-Wire: Modern aircraft use electronic flight control systems that replace traditional mechanical controls. This enhances responsiveness and stability. Autopilot: Electronic systems manage the aircraft's flight path, allowing for automatic control during various phases of flight. 3.5.3 Monitoring and Diagnostics Health Monitoring: Sensors and electronic systems continuously monitor the aircraft's performance and health, providing data on engine performance, fuel levels, and system statuses. Data Recording: Flight data recorders (black boxes) capture electronic data during flights, which is crucial for accident investigation and safety analysis. 3.5.4 Passenger Experience In-Flight Entertainment: Electronics provide entertainment systems, Wi- Fi, and connectivity for passengers. Environmental Controls: Electronic systems manage cabin pressure, temperature, and lighting for passenger comfort. 3.5.5 Safety and Emergency Systems Collision Avoidance: Systems like TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) use electronics to detect potential collisions and provide avoidance instructions. Emergency Systems: Electronics are used in emergency lighting, oxygen systems, and automated safety protocols. 3.5.6 Research and Development Simulation and Testing: Electronics are essential in flight simulators and testing environments, allowing engineers to analyze aircraft performance and safety. Overall, electronics enhance the functionality, safety, and efficiency of aircraft, making them indispensable in modern aeronautics. As technology continues to advance, the role of electronics in aviation is expected to grow, leading to further innovations in safety, efficiency, and passenger experience.  04 CONCLUSION  4. CONCLUSION In conclusion, electronics has transferred the world, from early discoveries in electricity to modern digital advancements. Its applications in communication, healthcare, transportation, entertainment and especially aeronautics drive innovation and progress. As technology evolves, electronics will continue shaping the future. THANK YOU!