South America Geography PDF

Musicplays animportantrolein an individual's music, Such as Latin phenomenon of wiins...

Musicplays animportantrolein an individual's music, Such as Latin phenomenon of wiins rock,jazz, hip-hop, bachata, bossa, nova, rumba, salsa The current samba, tango, etc. havebecome chartbusters fOr musit LatitudinalExtent Table9.1 Location of Southn Amerdca 129 Nto Setin M listeners. today and are s0 fond Longitudinal Extent S55 that we hear continent. of 359 Wto 819 W In this American music American has he Latin the South South America - where unit, wE lts origin Shall focus majorly on the in continent of nothing is homogeneous. Atente Oean countries in the Latin group of Americais a and Portuguese Western Spanish, French are Pacitic Ocean Did uou Know Hemisphere where America forms a major South continent of spoken. The Spanishis the main partofLatin America where language. Scale A509 1:120,000,000 Location 3000 AKOS Lagend International Boundary South America lies completely in the Western Hemisphere. Themajor Fig 9.1 location of South America on the The WNorld Map the south of the equator. continent part of this continent lies to north, having a large area triangular in shape. It is wider towards the between the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn, and tapers towards Cape Horm The Drake Passage is a deep 1,000km wide and connecting thewaterway, running Did you Know? in the south. The continent stretches till the Southern Ocean in the south. Atlantic and Pacific In the north, a narrow stretch of land called the Isthmus of Panamaconnects oceans between Cape Horn (the South America to North America. Except this narrow stretch, theentire southernmost point of South America) and the South Shetland Islands continent is surrounded by water. South America has the Pacific Ocean in (situate about 160 km north of the Antarctic the west, the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Peninsula). Caribbean Sea in the north and the Southern Ocean in the south. nt ngto the by comtinent France South and The America the region UK, of has vely French Divisions Political 12 couintries Guiana ven andBrazil Brazil Fa is ugKand the largest h eysands Dutn oeare  V8GYOR n West Coastal Plains The The WestCoastal Plains are narrow. Theylie between the coast of Pacific Ocean and the Andes the Mountain.These plains are the widest northern parts of the the in continent. Atacama Desert lies in this region. The one of the driest deserts in the Fig. 9.4 Atacamna Desert Iti s World.Itliesin the middle on the coastal plain belt. The Atacama Desert lies on a hiah altitude. It is one OT the few locations on Earth with 300+ days of clear skies in DidyouKnow? a year. With no polution in the area, the conditions arebest for observatories. In recent years, the place has become home to0 many large telescopes in the world. The Andes Mountains The Andes Mountains are young fold mountains that run parallel to the Pacific Coast in the western part of the continent. The Andes has several parallel ranges with basins and plateaus amongthem. The Andes Mountain is the storehouse of minerals, especially copper. The word 'Andes' is derived from the word 'Anti', in Quechuan (Native American language), Deep Seated which means copper.  GY 0 R HIGH The highest peak of the Andes iS Mt AConcagua. nigh and difficult to cross. In this The Uspallata Pass iS one of the Thesfewe mountain chain which is used to crosS mountains are a source to many rivers. that flow down the mountain There are many the steep western slopes of the rrange,qapsanlogerSea generatinghydroelectricity. The region has many Snow-capped mountain peaks, glaciers, waterfall, tourist Andes. sThheoyrat,rsewift usediHeThesr forestatSr,actIons lakes, etc. lk is a There are many mining centres and large towns in storehouse of this people to live minerals. Its altitude makes the temperature means of comfortably.Draught animals like Ilamas are as t region Today, transport as other means of for suitable aeroplanes are an important transport means are not well to travel in the Andes. idemvpeolortpaendt, One of the Did you Know? world's cuts through the highest railway in the world Andes in Peru. There are many and active, extinct Mt dormant volcanoes in the Andes, Fig. 9.5 Mt Chimborofazo, Cotopaxi andMt Cayambe Mt Cotopaxi volcanoes. Ecuador are all active The Central Plains The Central otween the AndesPlains lie in the in the centre of the ains are west and the South Jgc All formed by the rivers Eastern American continent these rivers drain Amazon, orinoco, Highlands. The Central into the Parana, Atlantic Ocean. Paraguay and 156  HIGH Orinoco Basin: River Orinoco has its source in GUlana navigable river. This hasin is covered with a tropical Llanos. Higrghlasslandsand. It: calen Amazon Basin: Amazon River js the largest and second inthe world. It has numerous tributaries. With its SOurce in Peru is covered with rainforests called Selvas. \ongethsits rbiavseinr La Plata Basin: The three rivers-Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay-formnortah To fertile basin. These rivers flow intothe estuary Rio de la Plata. To the of the basin lies a a region called Gran.Chaco. This basin iS covered with grasslands called Pampas. Below the Pampas are the dry Patagonian Plateau. The Eastern Highlands Guiana Highlands and Brazilian Highlands form the Easterm River. The Highlands. The two highlands are separated by the Amazon in the east. The Highlands are gentler towards the west and rise steeply Highlands. world's highest waterfall, Angel falls, is located on the Guiana The Patagonian The Patagonian Plateau lies close to the Andes in the south. apart of the plateau.  Case S tudy Life in A HivEE Basin overs he ouitries f columbls, FuBor and fis, eru, n, The tsin is iarr 9intoreot i5 the Re wh Ars7 larget raintoest in 4he is rich in Bnimal and plsnt wotd, hs derse diversity Fig 9.8Amazon Basin The climate of this river basin ís hot and hurmíd and receives heay rainfall,whereas nfall. The summers are long, wet and hot with plenty of tersare short, cool and dry. rainforests found in the Amazon River Basin have tal The tropical have thick canopies. The sunlight is unable t dwood trees. The trees trees take in carbon dioxide and releas know, ch the ground. As we Amazon rainforests a life on Earth. Thus, gen. This is beneficial for World'. ed 'Lungs of the 159  everOreen th endat Otter forest medcnetJeaves, Naturatvepetationie rubte Herbs, ete seintoestsare Amaron oindin Fia 9.10 anaeonda Afew people destroyed 6orne staying in these areas do areas Of ArsZon raifores,shifing plants and vrees in this There from rWer basn that are are enao rieedieir Apart aariculture, also an occupation. thee exieted ofb 9Ggresetra hunting and coltection forest product Teday, the nomadic and tribal interiors of the Arnazon Basins. They peolatisn take sparse they resAc rainforest tree Sustainable fe by the trunk of a giant taking care of their responsibility of Fig9.9 lookingupthe has plenty of shade as river basin, along with the environrnent.. The inhabita is moist, and it basinis home to sunlight towards controlling government bodies of different cour Thesoil in this region penetrate to the ground. This river reptiles, The awareness to deforestation. Conserve Many and form strict environrnentalists ar the Amazon, The Amazon policies to retain the ne does not anacondas inhabit the shallow waters of mammals; and River of Amazon. several species of birds, fish. The red. home to Basin is also also seen in thisregion. an omnivorousforager, is beled piranha, many indigenous human settlements The Amazon River Basin has small groups, Their t live a traditional and nomadic life with their Cupation is associated with forest products. 160