Abra Summary PDF

ABRA  ABRA TRIBES Tingguians or Itnegs – refer to the people of Abra 1. Maeng of Tubo, Luba, and Villaviciosa: share physical traits and dialect with Kankana-ey of Mt. Province 2. Gubang of Malibcong: traced ancestry from Balbalan, Kalinga 3. Mabaka of Malibcong and La...

ABRA  ABRA TRIBES Tingguians or Itnegs – refer to the people of Abra 1. Maeng of Tubo, Luba, and Villaviciosa: share physical traits and dialect with Kankana-ey of Mt. Province 2. Gubang of Malibcong: traced ancestry from Balbalan, Kalinga 3. Mabaka of Malibcong and Lacub: traced ancestry from Mabaka, Kalinga 4. Banao of Malibcong and Daguioman: traced ancestry from Pantikian, Kalinga 5. Binongan of Lacub and Licuan-Baay: claimed origin from Lubuagan, Balatok, and Guinaang, Kalinga 6. Belwang of Dao-angan, Boliney: traced origin from Belwang and Sadangga, Mt. Province 7. Masadiit: traced ancestry from Kalinga and Mt. Province 8. Agta of Marugnoy, Villaviciosa: hailed from Apayao 9. Adasen of Tineg, Lagayan, and Pabaca: believed to have come from Conner, Apayao, similar to the Isneg dialect 10. Balatok of Boliney: traced ancestry from Balatok, Kalinga 11. Inlaud: believed to have come from Tamag, Vigan, and Ilocos Sur, settling along the Abra River  TINGGUIANS’ MUSIC AND DANCES Uggayam, Adding, Dangu sung by elders during special occasions like pangili, marriage, and Bodong, but not during burials Alaba-ab, Dallong, Inam-maga sung only during burial rituals, expressing lament and sorrow Tadok/Tadek dance performed by a man and woman in sync with gongs. It symbolizes friendship, love, respect, and acceptance. Pallo-ok/Pattong dance twelve men play gongs while dancing in a U-turn stance, paired with women, during celebrations  Child Birthing and Child Rearing Practices Dawak: Maeng tribe ceremony for childbearing after years of barrenness, involving thanksgiving, dancing, prayers, and offerings to ancestors. Gipas/Sikki: Birth rite for the child's bright future; fire kept burning beside the mother for 29 days for warmth and protection from evil spirits. Apo: Masadiit tribe practice of introducing the child to grandparents, with gift exchanges and sometimes animal offerings to welcome the child.  Child Birthing and Child Rearing Practices Longbos: Confirmation rite after one month, symbolizing strength for the child; food is served to relatives. Sangasang: Rite for the child's first tooth, performed by a priestess with offerings. Oloy: Performed when the child reaches two years old, involving prayers, animal offerings, and rituals to ensure happiness.  Courtship and Marriage Kalon/Tani (Child Engagement): Boys (6-8 years old) are matched with girls, with three beads presented as a symbol of engagement. Singlip/Danon (Adult Engagement): Man’s family visits woman’s family to agree on dowry and gifts, with the agreement documented for the wedding. Pakalon/Wolwac: Dowry is finalized, with a ceremony where the couple drinks from a bowl containing beads to ensure union. Tugtugaw: Courtship ritual in Boliney, where men bring wood to the woman’s house; a butchered pig signifies acceptance. Tinipuy/Kinaiw: Parents of bride and groom arrange the wedding in Luba,Villaviciosa, and Tubo. Eyapdo: Liver and bile readings determine fortune; if unsatisfactory, another pig is butchered later for a favorable outcome. Danon (Maeng Wedding): Woman’s family demands gifts (dowry) such as land, money, or animals. Supon: Monetary support for the couple, managed by financial overseers during the festivities.  Burial Rites and Practices Bathing of the Dead (Pannaka-amos di Natoy): The body is bathed and dressed in its best garments with beads and valuables for the afterlife in Maglawa. Bugga: A group is sent to neighboring tribes to inform them of the death. Batakan: A 3-day observance of the passing, including: Kodom: Elders lament, butcher a pig, and perform solemn wailing (ala- baab), recounting the dead’s life. Inammaga: A song led by a watcher during the wake, fines imposed for mistakes. Palpalubos/Pakpakada: A farewell ritual before interment, where family members chant their goodbyes. Sag-sag/Kelyas: Ritual performed after interment to release the dead to the afterlife, with dancing and chanting. Pabalon: The dead’s favorite items and food are placed on the tomb the day after interment. Lay-og/Dalos/Waksi: A one-year post-death ritual to cleanse sorrow, marked by dancing, uggayam singing, and drinking.  Natural Resource Management Lapat System: Indigenous resource management of the Maeng Tribe in Tubo for conserving natural resources and biodiversity within their Ancestral Domain. Purpose: Regulate, protect, and conserve resources Implementation Steps 1. Information Dissemination: Educating the community about resource management 2. Ritual (Bagawas): Performing a ritual to reinforce management practices 3. Observance of Lapat: Community members act as forest guards 4. Enforcement: In case of violations, the barangay council, TULAS, and Dap-ay intervene, using rituals as indigenous disciplinary measures.  Symbols and Textiles (Graphical), Arts and Crafts Dawak/Boni or Alopag part of important ceremonies where spirits enter mediums' bodies conducted to cure sickness Pinaing or Pinading: guardian stones located at village entrances believed to house Apadel, the spirit that guards the town. Saloko: a ritual associated with folk tales involving heads placed on sharpened bamboo poles Saloko, also called Salokang and Sabut: This is a bamboo pole about ten feet long, one end of which is split into several strips; these are forced apart, and are interwoven with other strips, thus forming a sort of basket. When such a pole is erected near to a house, or at the gate of the town, it is generally in connection with a ceremony made to cure headache. It is also used in the fields as a dwelling place for the spirit Kaiba-an. The Saloko ceremony and the dīam, which accompanies it, seem to indicate that this pole originated in connection with head-hunting; and its presence in the fields gives a hint that in former times a head- hunt may have been a necessary preliminary to the rice-planting. https://www.aswangproject.com/ti ngguian-deities-mythology/ Bawi/Sinaba-an and Abadong: small houses built in rice fields for the spirit Kaibaan Bakid: a ceremony celebrating the completion of a new dwelling or removing bad signs. Sangasang: similar to Bakid, often held to remove bad signs; involves sending blood and rice to Maganawan, who spits it on the ground. Sapata (Oath): conducted after a theft when the guilty person is unknown; involves communal drinking of basi while calling for supernatural consequences for the guilty Indigenous Governance, Laws and Social Justice a) Lallakay System (Council of Elders) b) Bodong System: A peace pact between Tingguian tribes aimed at resolving conflicts and ensuring mutual protection. Key Actors a. Bodong Initiators: Elders (lallakay) who select the Bodong Holder and uphold the laws (pagta) b. Bodong Holder: Chosen leader, regardless of age or sex, representing the tribe c. Bodong Guarantors: Common people (umili), witnesses, and signatories of the Bodong  Processes in Establishing the Bodong Sipat: Initial step where one tribe invites another to create a peace agreement. Gabnot: Formal planning by tribal elders to celebrate and solidify the Bodong. Inum: Official celebration of the Bodong, including: Pangili/Palanos: Welcome ceremony with rituals, dancing, and singing. Lanok: Session for airing and resolving past grievances between tribes. Pagta: the law of Bodong Inna-boyog/Innaluyon (Bayanihan) System: A traditional collective work system among the Tingguians for communal tasks like hunting, fishing, and land management, with no monetary compensation, only food. Key Practices Pango: Skilled community members help with tasks like house building, farming, or cleaning. Compensation is in the form of shared meat from an animal butchered by the host. Botad: Participation of able men during emergencies, such as carrying a sick or injured person. Even warring tribes set aside differences to help. Bolig: Voluntary act of carrying a sick or dead person using a blanket tied to poles, with frequent carrier replacements due to the fast pace needed during the botad Textile: See Abra’s Living Weaving Heritage posted in the Google Classroom