A1.1 The Evolution of Physical Activity and Sport in Society PDF

The Evolution of Physical Activity and Sport in Society Learning Goals & Success Criteria A1.1 describe how the role of physical activity I can identify and describe key historical events and sport in society has evolved historically, and trends that have shaped the role of physical...

The Evolution of Physical Activity and Sport in Society Learning Goals & Success Criteria A1.1 describe how the role of physical activity I can identify and describe key historical events and sport in society has evolved historically, and trends that have shaped the role of physical with reference to key events and trends, activity and sport in society. changing views of the social role and value of physical activity and sport and the contributions I can explain how views on the social role and of individuals, including prominent Canadians value of physical activity and sport have changed over time. I can provide examples of contributions of people or events to the evolution of physical activity and sport.  Early History: Survival and Military Training Physical activity initially linked to basic survival needs Hunting, gathering, and self-defense were primary forms Sport emerged as military training in ancient civilizations Examples: archery, wrestling, and chariot racing  776 bce to about 393 ce Ancient Greek Athletics The focus of athletic events shifted from being just a way to achieve other goals (like military training or political gain) to being valued for its own sake Athletics were seen as a way to honor the gods, showcase human potential, physical prowess and political power ○ Victorious athletes often received significant rewards (money, land, lifetime pensions from their city-states) Athletic success was often used as a tool for political propaganda ○ Victorious athletes would be celebrated in public ceremonies and monuments, serving as symbols of civic pride and excellence. City-states would commission statues and inscriptions to commemorate their athletes, linking political identity with athletic achievement ○ Sparta and Athens used athletic success to project power and superiority to reinforce their political influence  105 BCE to 4th century Roman Gladiatorial Games Gladiatorial contests Criticized by some for emerged as popular their brutality and entertainment exploitation Reflected Roman values Declined with the rise of of courage, discipline, and Christianity in the military prowess Roman Empire  5th century - 14th century Medieval Period: Tournaments and Folk Games Jousting and tournaments for nobility Widespread folk games and contests for commoners ○ Morris Dancing ○ Tug of War ○ Bowling ○ May pole dancing Physical activities often tied to religious festivals and celebrations There was a decline in formal organized sports during this era  14th century to the 17th century Renaissance and Enlightenment Renewed interest in physical education Humanist philosophers emphasized balanced development of mind and body Early modern sports like tennis and cricket emerged Physical education began to be seen as important for youth development  1760 to 1840 18th century Industrial Revolution Impact Urbanization led to decreased physical activity in daily life Concerns about health and fitness of urban populations arose ○ Shift from manual labour to machine based labour Organized sports gained popularity as leisure activities to promote physical fitness Physical education introduced in some schools (around 1820) ○ gymnastics, hygiene training and care, development of the human body  1896 - Present Modern Olympic Movement June 23rd, 1894, Pierre de Coubertin founded the "International Olympic Committee” The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, 1896, and then Paris in 1900 and 1904 Aimed to promote international understanding through sport Grew to become a global phenomenon WHAT IF? Pierre de Coubertin was the president of the IOC until 1925 when he resigned over the committees disagreement over his unwillingness to accept women athletes in the Olympic Games  1901-1918 Early 20th Century: Sport as Entertainment Professional Athletes became sports leagues celebrities and role expanded models (MLB, NFL) (Babe Ruth: Baseball, Jesse Owens: T&F) Radio and later Sport was television recognized as a increased sports' significant cultural popularity and economic force (expanding beyond (stadiums & arena’s local communities) became landmarks)  1945 - 1960’s Post-World War II: Fitness Movement Increased focus on personal fitness and health Aerobics and jogging gained popularity Government initiatives promoted physical fitness Fitness industry emerged and grew rapidly  1972 Title IX and Gender Equality Title IX is a US federal law that was passed in 1972 It mandated equal opportunities for women in education, including sports Led to significant increase in women's participation in athletics Influenced global trends in gender equality in sports ○ Much more advocacy was done on behalf of women ○ Visibility and representation for women in sport encouraged more participation ○ International competitions for women became regular occurrences  1970’s-1999 Late 20th Century: Sport Science Application of scientific principles to athletic performance (ie. velocity, acceleration, projectile motion) Advancements in training methods and equipment Increased focus on nutrition and psychology in sports Emergence of sports medicine as a specialized field  Globalization of Sport International sports leagues and events expanded ○ FIFA World Cup expanded from 16 to 32 teams in 1998 ○ In 2008 the Indian Premier League for Cricket was launched, it expanded from 8 teams to 10 in 2022 Athletes competed and played professionally worldwide Sports became a global language and cultural bridge ○ Players could go to new countries and join professional leagues Increased economic impact of sports on global scale  Rise of Extreme and Action Sports 1960’s-1970’s: skateboarding, snowboarding, and BMX X Games launched in 1995, popularizing extreme sports Appealed to youth culture and desire for individual expression Some extreme sports have been added to Olympic games  Technology in Sports Wearable technology for performance tracking ○ What are some of the ethics or concerns about this? Video analysis and instant replay in competitions, examples? E-sports emerging as new form of competition  1993 Physical Literacy Movement Concept developed in the 1990’s by Margaret Whitehead Emphasizes importance of fundamental movement skills Aims to promote lifelong physical activity participation Integrated into many physical education curricula  Sport for Development Using sport as tool for social and economic development Programs addressing issues like poverty, health, and education United Nations recognizing sport's role in achieving development goals Increased focus on sport's potential for positive social impact 21st Century: Health Crisis and Physical Activity Rising obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles Increased recognition of physical activity's role in preventing chronic diseases Public health initiatives promoting active living Workplace wellness programs incorporating physical activity Trends in US adults and youth.  Inclusive Sport Movement Growing recognition of rights and abilities Increased efforts to of athletes with make sports disabilities accessible to all Paralympic Adaptive sports and movement gaining equipment prominence development TASK  People or Events that Contributed to Sport in Society Research a person or an event that made a unique contribution to sport. Who are they or what was the event? When was it? How did it contribute to the evolution of sport? Create a single slide with a relevant photo and the required information. Be prepared to share in small conversations with your peers after the 10 minutes.