Respiratory System Anatomy Review PDF

The Respiratory System Respiratory System Anatomy The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, pharynx and associated structures. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rig...

The Respiratory System Respiratory System Anatomy The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, pharynx and associated structures. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The conducting zone is involved with bringing air to the site of external respiration and consists of the: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles terminal bronchioles. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The respiratory zone is the main site of gas exchange and consists of the: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Respiratory System Anatomy Air passing through the respiratory tract traverses the: Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Primary (1o) bronchi Secondary (2o) bronchi Tertiary (3o) bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (150 million/lung) Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Nasal concha-increase the surface area of the nasal cavity. This allows more air to come into contact with the cavity walls, which helps warm and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Under each nasal concha is an opening, or meatus, for a duct(nasolacrimal duct) that drains secretions of the sinuses and tears into the nose. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The olfactory nerves pierce the cribriform plate and carry smell information from the nose to the brain Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Respiratory System Anatomy The pharynx is a hollow tube It functions as: o a passageway for air and food o a resonating chamber o a housing for the tonsils Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Respiratory System Anatomy The pharynx has 3 anatomical regions: The nasopharynx; oropharynx; and laryngopharynx The nasopharynx is separated from the oropharynx by the hard and soft palate. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Respiratory System Anatomy The nasopharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and the openings of the Eustachian tubes (auditory tubes) Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The laryngopharynx lies inferiorly and opens into the larynx (voice box) and the esophagus. It participates in both respiratory and digestive functions. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Respiratory System Anatomy The larynx forms a short passageway connecting the laryngopharynx with the trachea (the “windpipe”). Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The thyroid cartilage (the large “Adam’s apple”) are landmarks for making an emergency airway (called a cricothyrotomy). Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. A cricothyrotomy is an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patient airway during certain life-threatening situations Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Respiratory System Anatomy The epiglottis is a flap at the entrance of the glottis, the opening between the vocal folds. o For breathing, it is held anteriorly, then pulled back- ward to close off the glottic opening during swallowing. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Respiratory System Anatomy The vocal folds are situated high in the larynx just below where the larynx and the esophagus split off from the pharynx. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Respiratory System Anatomy The trachea is a semi-rigid pipe it is about 12 cm long extends from the inferior portion of the larynx into the mediastinum where it divides into right and left primary (1o, “mainstem”) bronchi. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. !"#$%&'()& (*$&)$()+#')&,$'(-.#$,/%&+#-$&+$+"#$01)%+(/)$ /2$+"#$+3/$4&()*+#4$5'/)%"($6 &$7#'8$*#)*(+(7#$&'#&$2/'$ +'(..#'().$+"#$%/1."$'#2,#9: Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  Respiratory System Anatomy The 1o bronchi divide to form 2o and 3o bronchi 3o bronchi divide into bronchioles the smallest are the terminal bronchioles. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Respiratory System Anatomy The cup-shaped outpouchings(tiny air sacs )which participate in gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood are called alveoli. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.  !"#$%"&'()$'*$"&+(,$'-,).+,.)$-'+%/0%-$*'+1&$2"3'%2',30$'4' ("#$%"()'+$""-5'61&+1'(""%6'2%)'$7+1(89$'%2'9(-$-'6&,1',1$' 0."/%8()3'+(0&""()&$-: ;30$'44'+$""- -$+)$,$'('-.