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# Ancient Cultures and Medical Practices ## Mesopotamian Culture * **Years:** 3500-3000 BC * **Location:** Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys * **People:** Sumerians * **Writing:** Clay tablets with cuneiform script * **Discoverer:** Assurbanipal, King of Assyria * **Number of Tablets:** ~30,000...

# Ancient Cultures and Medical Practices ## Mesopotamian Culture * **Years:** 3500-3000 BC * **Location:** Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys * **People:** Sumerians * **Writing:** Clay tablets with cuneiform script * **Discoverer:** Assurbanipal, King of Assyria * **Number of Tablets:** ~30,000 (500 on medicine) * **Location of Tablets:** British Museum ## Ancient Hebrew Civilization * **Years:** 1850 BC - 67 AC * **Cultures:** Mesopotamia, Egypt, Canaan * **Religion:** Monotheistic (divine punishment, medicine, priests) * **Knowledge:** Old Testament, Torah (book of law), Talmud ## Ancient Egyptian Culture * **Years:** 3000 BC - 322 BC * **Documents:** Clay fragments (ostraka), Papyri * **Knowledge:** Modern Egyptology, Paleopathology * **Texts:** Greek texts by Egyptians, some separation between religion, magic, empiriasm. * **Medical World:** Hierarchy – Great Physician, Superintendent, Chief Physician, Imhotep (god of medicine) * **Medical Specialization:** Herodotos – physicians specialized in one area. * **Healers (Magicians & Priests):** High confidence in religious belief and power of substances (animal, vegetable, mineral). * **Prosthetics:** Gold used for women, starting around 100 BC. * **Dentistry:** Importance on strong teeth, remedies for toothache, extractions, surgical interventions on fractures, jaw dislocations. ## Phoenicians, Israel, Syria, and Lebanon * **Time:** Contemporaries of Hebrews and Egyptians * **Skills:** Jewelers and goldsmiths * **Dental:** Emphasis on aesthetics from 500 BC due to periodontal disease. **Note:** The image contains handwritten notes. Some entries lack clear detail, leading to interpretation and possible inaccuracies. The formatting of the notes was organized into separate cultures for easier understanding and organization.