IMG_4730.jpeg

# Philosophy Final Exam Study Guide **P.2** * **Ideal City State** - 3 classes parallel 3 parts of soul: * **Rulers (Philosopher-Kings):** govern with wisdom - *reason* * **Guardians (Auxiliaries):** protect with courage - *spirit* * **Producers (workers):** provide for physical need...

# Philosophy Final Exam Study Guide **P.2** * **Ideal City State** - 3 classes parallel 3 parts of soul: * **Rulers (Philosopher-Kings):** govern with wisdom - *reason* * **Guardians (Auxiliaries):** protect with courage - *spirit* * **Producers (workers):** provide for physical needs - *appetite* * **Justice in the city:** each class performs its own role without interfering with others. * **Religious Piety vs. Philosophical Analysis** * **Religious Piety:** focuses on obedience to the gods and following traditional customs. * **Philosophical Analysis:** uses reason to question and define ethical concepts. * **Metaphysical concepts** * **Tension in Republic:** Socrates critiques myths and religious traditions, replacing them with rational inquiry. * **Different answers to "What is Justice?"** * **Cephalus:** telling the truth and paying back debts. * **Polemarchus:** helping friends and harming enemies. * **Thrasymachus:** advantage of the stronger. * **Glaucon's Renewal of Thrasymachus' Position:** * Justice is a social contract to avoid suffering at the hands of others. * All who practice justice do so out of fear of punishment. * The best life is an unjust one seen as just. * **4 Cardinal Virtues (Book IV)** * **Wisdom:** found in rulers' knowledge of how to govern. * **Courage:** found in auxiliaries' bravery and loyalty. * **Moderation:** harmony among all classes, no meddling. * **Justice:** each part performing its proper role and not meddling with others.