Cotton Production (Lesson 13) PDF

Lesson 13 COTTON Gossipium sp ________________________________________________________________________ Cotton  It is white gold  Backbone of textile industry  Contributes 7% of GDP  Providi...

Lesson 13 COTTON Gossipium sp ________________________________________________________________________ Cotton  It is white gold  Backbone of textile industry  Contributes 7% of GDP  Providing employment to 60 million people in India  45% world’s fibre need is met from  10% of world’s edible oil Importance of cotton  It is cultivated primarily for lint  Raw cotton is also used for medical and surgical purpose  Linters are used cushions, pillows etc  Also used for high grade paper, rayon, films, explosives  Stalk is a fuel  Seed crushed for edible oil  Cakes and meals are excellent cattle feed Cotton – World production Scenario (1996-97) Country Area -M ha Lint -M tonnes kg lint /ha India 9.2 3.0 327 USA 5.2 4.1 792 China 4.7 4.2 890 Pak 3.2 1.6 497 Uzbekistan 1.5 1.0 689 World 33.8 19.4 574 + Argentine, Turkey, Brazil, Turkmenistan, Greece, Australia, Egypt Cotton – Indian Scenario (1996-97) State Area -M ha Lint -M tonnes kg lint /ha Maharastra 3.10 Lint is 30% of 182 Kapas0.56 Gujarat 1.52 0.43 282 AP 1.01 0.48 477 Punjab 0.74 0.27 367 Karnataka 0.67 0.15 229 Haryana 0.65 0.23 354 Rajasthan 0.65 0.24 364 MP 0.53 0.32 605 TN 0.26 0.09 360 India 9.17 2.97 327 Note: Lint is around 30% of kapas  Cotton is cultivated in 9 states in India   Area is classified as:  Northern – Punjab, Haryana, NW Rajasthan & W. UP (hirsutum-arboreum)  Central – Maharastra, MP, Gujarat & S. rajasthan (herbaceum – arboreum- hirsutum)  Southern – Karnatak, AP & TN – (hirsutum- arboreum- herbaceum) Origin  Old world cotton with ‘A’ genome may be from Southern Ethiopia  G. arboreum and G. harbaceum  Called as ‘desi’ cotton  New world cotton ‘D’ genome  G. barbadense,(Egyptian) G hirsutm (American) are New world cotton Cultivars and hybrids  Lot of work on varietal improvement as early as 1900  Hybrids are available at plenty o Hirsutum varieties are famous  MCU series MCU 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12  LRA 5166 o Arboreum  K 9, 10, 11 o Barbedense  Suvin (Anjali), Surabi o Hybrids  Jayalakshmi, TCHB 213, HB 224, The plant  Root o Tap root system o Grows more than 1.6 m  Shoot and branches o Monopodium and sympodia o It is similar in all except arboreum  In arboreum growth continues in monopodium  Leaf o Spirally arranged on the main stem  Fruiting structure o Begins as flower bud or square o After flowering t becomes a fruit called boll Growth stages  Germination phase -4-7 days  Early vegetative phase  Squaring- it may be from 35-70DAS depending upon o The variety o Location and o Management  Flowering o 20-35 days after first square formation  o It continues for 60-80 days o However peak flowering is 70-100 DAS  Boll development o Within 15-18 days boll attains 90% size o Mature size is attained within 25 days o Cotton fibre develops from the outermost cells of the seed-coat o Fibre elongation is complete by day 21-24 o Secondary wall thickening strengthens the fibre and continues up to 30-40 days after anthesis Climate  A mean average temp of