Data Technology & System Management Exam Questions and Topics PDF

Imagine you want to store all your important documents, photos, and programs. You have two choices: 1. 2. ### **Cloud Systems (Online Storage & Services)** - - - - - - ### **On-Premise Systems (Local Storage & Private Servers)** - - - - - - ### **Analogy** Think o...

Imagine you want to store all your important documents, photos, and programs. You have two choices: 1. 2. ### **Cloud Systems (Online Storage & Services)** - - - - - - ### **On-Premise Systems (Local Storage & Private Servers)** - - - - - - ### **Analogy** Think of cloud vs. on-premise like renting an apartment vs. owning a house: - - A **Client Operating System** (Client OS) and a **Server Operating System** (Server OS) serve different purposes. ### **Fundamental Differences** ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feature Client OS 🖥️ Server OS 🖥️⚙️ **Purpose** Designed for everyday use by individuals Designed to manage network resources and multiple users **Performance Optimization** Optimized for user-friendly, single-user tasks like web browsing, gaming, and office work Optimized for handling multiple simultaneous connections, services, and background processes **User Management** Usually supports a single or few users Supports multiple users and permissions with centralized management **Hardware Utilization** Uses standard hardware for personal computers Uses high-end hardware (more RAM, multiple CPUs, RAID storage) for stability and efficiency **Network Connectivity** Can connect to networks but is not designed to manage them Manages and controls networks, including file sharing, databases, and web hosting **Security & Access Control** Basic security features (firewalls, antivirus) Advanced security features (Active Directory, role-based access, encryption, logging) **Reliability & Uptime** May require frequent reboots for updates Designed for continuous operation (99.99% uptime) **Software Compatibility** Runs desktop applications like browsers and games Runs server-specific software like web servers, databases, and virtualization **Cost & Licensing** Usually cheaper, one-time purchase or subscription (e.g., Windows 10/11) More expensive, often licensed per user or core (e.g., Windows Server, Linux distributions) ------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### **Key Features That Make a Server OS Optimized for Handling Multiple Simultaneous Connections & Services** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- Here\'s the cleaned-up and translated version, keeping only the exam-related content: ### **Example Questions and Important Points:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### **Exam Topics:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Key Notes:** - - - - ### **Not Allowed:** - - - ### **Technical Interview:** - - - - - - ### **Cyber Defense / Security:** - - - - **Top 10 Risks:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ### **ISO/OSI Model (Very Important Topic!)** - - - - ---------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------- **ISO/OSI Layer** **TCP/IP Layer** **Protocols** 7 Application Layer Application Layer 6 Presentation Layer Application Layer HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DHCP, Telnet 5 Session Layer Application Layer 4 Transport Layer Transport Layer TCP, UDP 3 Network Layer Internet Layer IP, IPsec, IPv6, ICMP 2 Data Link Layer Network Layer Ethernet 1 Physical Layer Network Layer ---------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------- **Know the most important ports!** ### **Characteristics of Good Software:** - - - - - - - - - ### **Privacy by Design:** - - **ISO 25010** is the international standard for software quality criteria ### **Data Protection and GDPR:** - - **User Rights:** - - - - - - - **What qualifies as personal data?** - **GDPR categorizes data into:** - - - - - **Data processing (manual or automated):** - **The \"8 W's\" of GDPR compliance:** - **Roles in GDPR:** - - - **GDPR prohibits processing unless:** - - - Even manual data is covered if stored systematically. ### **Databases:** **Definition:** - **Types of Databases:** (!) - - - - - - - - - - - **Key Types:** (!) - - - - ### **Database Design:** - - - #### **Design Steps:** 1. - - 2. - 3. - - 4. - - 5. - **Common Data Types:** - - - - - - ### **Normalization Forms:** **1st Normal Form (Atomicity):** - **2nd Normal Form (Eliminate Redundancies):** - **3rd Normal Form (No Transitive Dependencies):** - ### **PHP and HTML Basics:** **LAMP Stack:** - - - - **Why Apache?** - **PHP Data Types:** - - - - **Always explicitly define data types when possible.** ### BACKUP STRATEGIES **Which data do we back up?** - - - - **Types of data backup** - - - - **Backup types explained** - - - - **3-2-1 Backup Rule** - - - **Backup selection criteria** - - - - ### CASE STUDY A company wants to operate a simple facility management system to manage information about its facilities. **Data to be structured and stored:** - - **Properties are connected units and include:** - - **Additional relevant information:** - - - **Each property may have different associated plans.** **Tasks:** 1. 2. - - 3. - - ### EMPLOYEE PROTECTION -- IT TECHNICIAN SECTION **Key topics:** - - - **Relevant Laws & Regulations:** - - - - - - **Screen Work Regulations** - - **Breaks:** - - **Eye Examination:** - - **Computer Glasses:** - - ### WORKPLACE EVALUATION **Space Requirements:** - - **Air Volume:** - **Room Height:** - **Lighting Requirements:** - - - - **Climate & Noise:** - - - - - ### ESD WORKPLACE (Electrostatic Discharge) **ESD vs. Antistatic:** -------------------------- ------------------------------------- ESD Antistatic Protects components Indirectly protects the worker Not or barely noticeable Small shock Work clothing Personal protective equipment (PPE) \>5V 3000V -------------------------- ------------------------------------- **ESD Equipment:** - - - - - - - - ### DATA TECHNOLOGY & SYSTEM MANAGEMENT **On-Premise vs. Cloud:** - - - - - - - - - **Cloud Service Models:** - - - ### APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT **Sorting Algorithms:**\ **Comparison-based sorting:** - - - - - - - **Non-comparison-based (address-based) sorting:** - - - **Stable vs. Unstable Sorting Algorithms:** - - ### DATA INTEGRITY - - **Primary Key:** - - **Foreign Key:** - - **Types of Relationships:** - - -