Chinese Mathematics PDF

Chinese Mathematics Presented by Group 8 Chinese Mathematics Time Frame: 1400 BC - 200 CE Mathematics emerged independently in China by the 11th century BCE. The Chinese independently developed a real number system that includes significantly large and negative numbers, more than one num...

Chinese Mathematics Presented by Group 8 Chinese Mathematics Time Frame: 1400 BC - 200 CE Mathematics emerged independently in China by the 11th century BCE. The Chinese independently developed a real number system that includes significantly large and negative numbers, more than one numeral system (binary and decimal), algebra, geometry, number theory and trigonometry. Nature of Chinese Mathematics Chinese mathematics was defined by Chinese times as the “art of calculation”. This art was both a practical and spiritual one, and covered a wide range of subjects from religion and astronomy to waster control and administration. Nature of Chinese Materials Used: Mathematics Oracle Bone Script Based on the decimal System First ancient Chinese number system Written the flat cattle bones and tortoise shells The largest number found was 30,000. Manner of counting Counting rods —Counting rods was the second form of Chinese number that used small bamboo rods arranged to represent the numbers 1 to 9. And it was based on decimal system and employed a positional value system. Manner of counting  Abacus The first Chinese Abacus or known as suanpa. It uses beads sliding on a wire to represent numbers. For numbers up to 4 slide the required number of beads in the lower part up to the middle bar. For five or Example: 46,802 above, slide one bead above the middle bar down (representing 5), and 1, 2, 3 or 4 beads up to the middle bar for the numbers 6, 7, 8, or 9 respectively. Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art Is a textbook that also called “JiuzhangSuanshu” (written from about 200 BCE onwards, probably by a variety of author. The Jiuzhang suanshu or Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art is a practical handbook of mathematics consisting of 246 problems intended to provide methods to be used to solve everyday problems. It has played a fundamental role in the development of mathematics in China, not dissimilar to the role of Euclid's Elements in the mathematics which developed from the foundations set up by the ancient Greeks. There is one major difference which we must examine right at the start of this article and this is the concept of proof.  Contribution to the life of people —Jiuzhang Suanshu or “Nine Chapters on the —The construction of canals, Mathematical Art” became an dams and etc. to the water- important tool in the dependent society led into education of such civil having a safe environment. service, covering hundreds of problems in practical uses such as trade, taxation, engineering and the payment of wages. Prominent People  Prominent People Liu Hui Yang Hui Qin Jiushao Sun Tzu  Qin Jiushao (1202-1261 CE) He developed a method of solving simultaneous linear congruence. He started formulating the solution of quadratic, cubic and high power equations using method of repeated approximations. Wrote his only mathematical book, now known as Shushu jiuzhang during mourning period. His book is divided into nine “categories,” each containing nine problems related to calendrical computations, meteorology, surveying of fields, surveying of remote objects, taxation, fortification works, construction works, military affairs, and commercial affairs.  Liu Hui (220-280 CE) Solve linear equations using matrices (similar to Gaussian elimination) Calculated value of Pi correct to five decimal place. He also formulated the early forms of integral and differential calculus. proved the algorithms already presented in The Nine Chapters provided and proved new algorithms for the same three-dimensional volumes Sun Tzu (200 CE) SunTzu was a Chinese mathematician, flourishing between the 3rd and the 5th century A D.Interested in astronomy and trying to develop a calendar, he investigated Dioph antine equations. He is only known forauthoring Sun Tzu Suan Ching (pinyin: Sun Zi Suan Jing; literally,"Sun Tzu's Calculation Classic"), which contains the Chinese remainder theorem. Yang Hui (1238-1319 CE) literary name Qianguang, flourished c. 1261–75, Qiantang, Zhejiang province, China), Yang’s Jiuzhang suan fa zuan lei (c. 1275; “Reclassification of the Mathematical Procedures in the Nine Chapters”)—acompilationand reclassification, (c. 100 BC–AD 50; Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Procedures)—contains the oldest representation of what is known in the West as Blaise Pascal’s triangle Yang Hui’s Triangle  Lo Shu Square (650 BCE) — sometimes called the Magic Square, is also at the root of ancient feng shui astrology, the flying star school Xuan Kong, as well as the I-Ching, of course. — Lo Shu square is a 3X3 square where each row, column and diagonal adds up to 15.  Contribution to the math development —The development of —The existence of dualistic theory of YIN and decimal place value YANG, Yin represents even system. numbers and Yang represents odd numbers through the 3x3 magic square.  References tps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_bone#/media/File:Shang_dynasty_i nscribe_scapula.jpg http://www-groups.dcs.st- and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Diagrams/counting_board.gif http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Chinese_numerals.html https://www.amazon.com/Nine-Chapters-Mathematical-Art-version/dp/7312033598 https://alchetron.com/Qin-Jiushao https://sites.google.com/site/ludolfina5/liu-hui https://blog.bant.am/index.php/2018/06/20/lessons-in- risk-management-from-ge/ Thank You!