HRFD Fire Safety Procedures PDF

Page 1 of 85  CONTENTS Accountability...................................................................................................................... 4-6 Active Threat................................................

Page 1 of 85  CONTENTS Accountability...................................................................................................................... 4-6 Active Threat..................................................................................................................... 7-10 Active Threat Checklist.................................................................................................................... 10 Air Management............................................................................................................. 11-12 Attic Fires............................................................................................................................... 13 Basement Fires..................................................................................................................... 14 Carbon Monoxide Detector Response......................................................................... 15-16 Chimney Fires....................................................................................................................... 17 Crime Scenes.................................................................................................................. 19-20 Critical Incident Stress Management.......................................................................... 21-22 Dividing an Incident....................................................................................................... 23-24 Electrical Hazard Incidents........................................................................................... 25-26 Elevator Rescue.................................................................................................................... 27 Emergency Communications....................................................................................... 28-31 Evacuation of Occupants – Structure Fire........................................................................ 32 False Alarms......................................................................................................................... 33 Fire Death Victims................................................................................................................ 34 Fireground Decontamination....................................................................................... 35-40 Fireground Safety........................................................................................................... 41-42 Flammable Liquid Fires................................................................................................. 43-44 Page 2 of 85  High Risk Occupancy Fires.................................................................................................. 46 Highway Response............................................................................................................... 47 Infectious Disease Outbreak........................................................................................ 48-49 Landing Zone........................................................................................................................ 50 Marking Scene Hazards...................................................................................................... 51 Missing or Trapped Firefighters................................................................................... 52-53 Firefighter Rescue Branch Checklist.......................................................................................... 53 Natural Cover Firefighting............................................................................................. 54-58 Natural Cover Firefighting Watch out Situations....................................................................... 58 Natural Gas Incidents.................................................................................................... 59-62 Natural Gas Incident Checklist.................................................................................................... 62 Rehabilitation................................................................................................................. 62-67 Rehab Group Supervisor & Medical Unit Leader Checklists..................................................... 65 Rehab Area Diagram................................................................................................................... 66 Rehab Company Tracking Form.................................................................................................. 67 Risk Management................................................................................................................ 68 Scene Wash Down............................................................................................................... 69 Structural Fire Operations……………………………………………………………………………….70-74 Terrorist Action……………………………………………………………………………………………….75-76 Two-In/Two-Out (Standby Team) & RIT…………………………………………………………….77-82 Vehicle Extrication.......................................................................................................... 83-84 Vehicle Fires.......................................................................................................................... 85 Page 3 of 85  ACCOUNTABILITY PURPOSE The Accountability System is designated to provide the supervisor (Incident Command, Branch, Division or Group) with information concerning emergency scene staffing and the location of resources. This system provides a mechanism for tracking the following pieces of information throughout the incident:  Who is operating at the incident and who do they report to, both resources and personnel.  Where resources and personnel are operating.  What tactical assignments resources and personnel have been given and what additional resources may be needed.  When and how long resources have been assigned (think Air Management).  How long resources and personnel have been engaged in their current assignments. How long they have been operating at the incident.  The amount of progress being made by a resource towards the completion of their current assignment.  When/if additional assistance is needed in completing an assignment.  CARA Report: Conditions, Actions, Resources and Air COMPONENTS 1. Three 2” x 4” boards on each apparatus with apparatus identification engraved on them. a. One flexible red, carried by Company Officer b. One rigid red, attaches to command board c. One rigid white, remains on apparatus 2. Personal identification tags issued to firefighters. Minimum of three to be stored on firefighter’s helmet. 3. Command board. Located on duty officer vehicle, E-2, E-4, T-3 and B-1. 4. Team boards. - These are extra pairs of red rigid and red soft boards. - Two teams per apparatus. Each Uniquely numbered. - These will be utilized as needed by company officers when splitting up crews from an apparatus. Page 4 of 85  PROCEDURE 1. Personnel Accountability The Accountability System utilizes helmet shields, passport nametags and Command Boards to track the assignment of supervisors, companies, crews and individuals at emergency scenes A. The following tasks must be completed by all shift personnel at the start of duty shift. Off duty or volunteer response will complete as they respond to incident. Company officer will ensure compliance. i. Place one nametag on each of the following apparatus boards to which you are assigned or are responding on. Flexible red, rigid red and rigid white. The flexible red board will stay with the company officer for the duration of the incident The rigid red board will be placed on the passport section of the command board in one of the following two ways: If the company is to report to the IC for assignment, the company officer will take it to the IC and give it to them or the passport officer. If the company is assigned a task that is away from the IC, the rigid red board will be left on the apparatus to be collected by the passport officer as soon as possible. The rigid white board will remain on the apparatus for the duration of the incident. This will display the personnel that arrived on that apparatus. If you need to break your crew up, utilize the team boards that are on your apparatus. You will remove your names from the apparatus red boards and place them on the team boards. a. You will only need a soft and rigid red, since the apparatus you arrived on has not changed Once the task is completed & the team is no longer needed, the reverse process shall be followed. The accountability system will stay in effect until the incident is deemed terminated by command. ii. Ensure that each individual has the correct helmet shield in place on their helmet. iii. During a shift, any changes in personnel should be reflected on the apparatus boards. iv. Utility workers and civilians inside the Hazard Zone will be escorted by District personnel with a radio for emergency communications. Page 5 of 85  B. Personnel Accountability Report: A Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) is an accounting of all personnel operating at the incident by resource. A PAR is initiated by Command and performed by all supervisory personnel. Situations where a PAR is initiated may include: i. Change from Offensive to Defensive Operations. ii. A major (negative) change in incident conditions such as collapse, flashover, backdraft, etc. iii. A resource or individual is reported missing (Mayday). iv. As Command sees necessary. v. 2. Resource Tracking and Incident Documentation Supervisors (Incident Command, Branch, Division or Group) will utilize a recognized process of tracking and documenting incident resources and personnel. This will be accomplished by utilizing any of the following tools or combination thereof: A. Command Board B. Passports C. Helmet Shields 3. Company and Crew Integrity Company and crew integrity (Buddy System) is the foundation of personnel and resource accountability. Individuals must take responsibility for their own actions and their obligation to operate safely and effectively as a member of their company or crew. A. All members operating inside the Hazard Zone must have crew intact, have a tactical assignment, and wear proper personal protective equipment (PPE). B. Company and crew integrity are defined as each member of the company or crew being within voice, visual, or touch contact and physically close enough to provide immediate assistance in the event of an emergency. C. If it is necessary for a member of a company or crew to leave the Hazard Zone, all members of the company or crew must leave together. Updated 4/13/2020 KEY CONSIDERATIONS  The total Systems Approach to accountability relies on the commitment of each individual.  Loss of company or crew integrity is an emergency and should be reported as a Mayday radio message. Refer to Fire & Rescue Protocol, Emergency Communications. Page 6 of 85  REVISED 07/201 ACTIVE THREAT (MCI) PURPOSE The purpose of this protocol is to establish the response framework for combined Law Enforcement (LE) and Fire/EMS agencies during an Active Threat incident. Integration between LE and Fire/EMS is essential to maintain command and control of this type of incident. This protocol is intended to facilitate the rapid and effective movement, triage, necessary treatment, and transport of casualties to maximize their survival in a timely efficient manner. DEFINITIONS Active Threat: An individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area (per Department of Homeland Security). Casualty: An injured person requiring medical treatment. Casualty Collection Point (CCP): Area set up by LE where LE personnel will bring all the casualties from the Hot Zone. The CCP is considered to be in the “Warm Zone” and is an area where LE will escort Fire/EMS into for casualty triage and treatment. Cold Zone: Areas completely searched and secured by LE and deemed safe (this could take several hours depending on the size of the incident). Hot Zone: Areas unsecured by LE and potentially dangerous. These areas are “off limits” to Fire/EMS personnel. Indicators: Gunshots, screaming, etc. that alerts LE to threats located at the incident. MCI: Multi-Casualty Incident. Officer in Charge (CCP): A LE Officer in charge of the CCP. This officer is in charge of setting up, securing, and assuring that Fire/EMS is escorted securely into the CCP. Outside Officer in Charge: The initial LE Incident Commander. Secure Corridor: A secure route setup by LE to escort Fire/EMS from the staging location to the CCP. Triage: Rapid assessment of casualties inside the CCP. Unified Command: The integration of command between LE, Fire/EMS, and other affected agency representatives to enhance overall scene efficiency. Warm Zone: Area secured by LE that is not completely cleared and thus deemed “warm.” Fire personnel will operate in warm zones that are secured by LE. Page 7 of 85  REVISED 07/2015 ACTIVE THREAT (MCI) PROCEDURE 1. Law Enforcement Priorities A. Neutralize the Active Threat (if no indicators are detected after 10 minutes on scene then LE is advised to switch into life-saving mode). B. Setup CCP(s). C. Designate an Officer in Charge of each CCP (if more than one CCP). D. Escort Fire/EMS to the CCP via a Secure Corridor and a two-officer escort. E. Evacuate Casualties to CCP(s). 2. Casualty Collection Point A. Fire/EMS will be led into the CCP by LE Officers. B. Once led into the CCP, first-in Company Officer liaisons with LE Officer in Charge of CCP to determine scene casualty status. C. Initiate the MCI protocol (modified by Triage and Treatment located inside CCP). i. Initiate Triage (may need to assign more than one company). ii. Set up Treatment area. D. Only Triage and Treatment functions will be initiated in the CCP (all other MCI functions remain outside of the CCP). E. Only LE and Fire/Rescue personal will be in the CCP, and all casualties will be taken to awaiting ambulances in the transport-loading zone outside of the CCP. F. More than one CCP may be needed. Consider using standard ICS Branch and/or Division models. Assign appropriate number of Medical Triage and Treatment areas to meet the needs of the incident. One per Branch or Division may be needed. 3. MCI A. Follow modified MCI protocol. B. Establish Transportation ingress and egress routes in the Safety Corridor. C. Consider use Mobile Command Unit and Rehabilitation units. 4. Unified Command A. Duty Officer to identify and establish Unified Command with the Outside Officer in Charge. B. Identify CCP location(s). C. Duty Officer and Outside Officer in Charge will establish communications with the CCP. D. Unified Command will work together to establish scene priorities and evacuate the casualties from the CCP to transporting units. 5. Communications A. Monitor the LE working channel B. Consider use of Simplex frequencies in the event of operating frequencies being overtaxed or unavailable C. Consider use of cellular communications. Page 8 of 85  REVISED 07/2015 ACTIVE THREAT (MCI) 6. School Incidents A. Identify and incorporate a school representative into Unified Command. B. Establish student checkout procedures. Coordinate proper tracking of students with LE, school representative, and parents. C. Consider using buses to contain children. D. Crews may be asked to assist LE in certain school districts’ student/parent reunification plan. This may involve crews moving to an off-site location to assist LE in student/parent reunification. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Identify CCP location(s).  First-in Duty Officer to CCP liaison with LE Officer in Charge of the CCP.  Declare MCI.  Start Triage.  Establish Transport ingress and egress route in the Secure Corridor.  Establish outside Unified Command with LE.  Consider need for broader incident support and request early. Page 9 of 85  Attachment A ACTIVE THREAT CHECKLIST INITIAL ARRIVING DUTY OFFICER Establish Base Staging for resources. Monitor LE channel. Determine the location of the CCP. Determine if LE Secure Corridor is clear enough for transport units. Liaison with the Officer in Charge of the CCP. Start Triage in the CCP. Assign personnel to triage casualties as they are being brought into the CCP. Declare MCI. Report CCP status to Unified Command. Set up Treatment areas. Begin evacuating critical casualties to transporting units. UNIFIED COMMAND Establish liaison with LE Commander (generally termed Outside Officer in Charge). Determine location of CCP. Determine the need for multiple CCP. Divide incident into Branches/Divisions. Establish communication with CCP. Monitor LE channel. Consider moving to Simplex channel. Assure that Transport ingress/egress is clear and established in the Secure Corridor. Consider need for overall incident support and request early. Consider additional resources (Mobile Command, Rehab, etc.). SCHOOL INCIDENT Contact school representative and incorporate into Unified Command. Assure that every student is checked for unknown injuries (this will be a LE responsibility). Consider assisting LE in student/parent reunification plan. Page 10 of 85  AIR MANAGEMENT PURPOSE To establish a safe practice for the management of air contained within SCBAs while working in an IDLH atmosphere. Emphasis lies upon crews to exit a hazardous atmosphere prior to a low air alarm activation. PROCEDURE 1. While operating in a hazardous environment crew members and Company Officers will use the RULE OF AIR MANAGEMENT: A. Know how much air you have used and manage the air you have left. Check the air in your SCBA at entry and continue to do so often; report the level to your partner and Company Officer. B. Leave the hazardous atmosphere before your low air alarm has sounded. Consider initiating the exit process with fifty percent of your air remaining to find an exit or engage in a self-rescue operation. C. Use the rule of one-thirds as a strategy to manage crew air: Work period + Exit time + Margin of Error for Self-Rescue 2. Air management responsibilities on the fireground: A. Incident Commander: i. Maintains accountability of crews operating inside the IDLH atmosphere. ii. Records times of crews entering an IDLH atmosphere. iii. Uses elapsed ten-minute time reports, provided by dispatch, to check the air status of all personnel in an IDLH atmosphere. iv. Anticipates crew replacement based upon conditions and radio reporting. B. Company Officer: i. Develops the strategy for crew air management. ii. Directs crew members to check their air levels often. iii. Communicates air/situation status to ICS functionary (Command, Division, etc.). iv. Maintains situational awareness and orientation to exit. v. Determines when to exit prompted by the first crew member reaching fifty percent of their SCBA air capacity. C. Firefighter: i. Responsible for knowledge of their personal air consumption. ii. Must always be aware of the amount of air remaining in their SCBA. iii. Must communicate their air status with other crew members. Page 11 of 85  3. Status and air level reporting: A. Company Officers will report to Command or Division when the first member of their crew has reached fifty percent SCBA air capacity. This report should be in the CARA format: Conditions, Actions, Resources, Air. B. All members should consider a MAYDAY after a low air alarm activation. Consider calling a MAYDAY based on: i. Disorientation ii. Unknown travel distance to exit iii. Need for RIT assistance iv. Low Air KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Use the rule of one-thirds as a strategy to manage crew air: Work period + Exit time + Margin of Error for Self Rescue  Low air alarm activations within an IDLH atmosphere should prompt awareness from nearby companies to ensure that the member low on air is exiting with his/her crew. Page 12 of 85  REVISED 04/2020 ATTIC FIRES PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for incidents involving attic fires. PROCEDURE 1. On Arrival A. Evacuate the house and perform a primary search B. Determine the wind direction C. Recon all sides of the structure; look for gable vents. D. Determine roof construction features (e.g. lightweight?) E. Look for probable direction of flame spread F. Secure utilities 2. Check for interior and exterior exposures 3. Establish a water supply, pull a primary line (consider using the piercing nozzle bundle) and a backup line 4. Assign crews to begin covering/salvage operations 5. Use thermal camera to identify hot spots 6. Use the piercing nozzle or standard nozzle through the ceiling, roof, or gable vents to introduce water into the superheated attic space. Watch and listen for steam conversion. 7. Following primary extinguishment, clear room, cover floors, pull ceiling, and begin removing attic contents for overhaul if necessary. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Watch time closely and evaluate extent of fire and roof construction.  If fast knockdown is not possible, consider the risk of collapse vs. continued interior/roof operations. Page 13 of 85  Revised 04/2020 BASEMENT FIRES PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for incidents involving basement fires. Basement: An area of a building that is partially or entirely below grade. Basement types: - No exterior access. o No windows, doors or any other potential openings to either flow water, vent or gain entry. o Basement may be completely below grade. o The only entry is from an interior access. o Will become vent limited very quickly. o Flashover potential is low. - Limited Access o Small windows which can be used for venting and suppression. o May be a totally below grade but have window wells. o Basement may be partially above grade. o Will be able to sustain a larger fire. o Can generate more heat and toxic smoke. - Full Exterior Access o Large windows or doors above grade which could allow ventilation, suppression and entry. o High potential for flashover. PROCEDURE 1. Complete full 360-degree size-up. Identify type of basement. 2. Most likely will be a ventilation limited fire. Coordinated ventilation with water application is required to limit growth. 3. Water application into the below grade space is key to cooling the environment and reducing the chance of flashover as well as improving the conditions throughout the structure. 4. Do not ventilate until water can be applied into the fire compartment. 5. Do not delay putting water on the fire. 6. Introduce water into fire space from exterior window, wall or floor. 7. Avoid accessing from interior stairway before compartment is cooled. 8. Avoid putting yourself in the flow path. 9. Consider high collapse potential due to fire below grade and weakening floor. 10. Constantly evaluate the structure, fire behavior, and progress. Page 14 of 85  REVISED 04/2020 CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR RESPONSE PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for responses to reports of carbon monoxide detector incidents. PROCEDURE 1. Issuance and maintenance of meters Meters will be distributed to all companies and checked according to policy. 2. Dispatch A. Upon receipt of a citizen call reporting a CO detector alarm, dispatch will attempt to determine if anyone at the location is exhibiting symptoms of CO poisoning. B. If there are indications of CO poisoning, a Code 3 medical response will be initiated. If there is no indication of CO poisoning, a Code 1 fire response will be initiated. 3. On-scene Initial Actions A. Determine if anyone is exhibiting any symptoms of CO poisoning. If so, immediately evacuate, ventilate and request EMS response. B. Verify the alarm is coming from a CO detector and determine cause of alarm (e.g., true alarm, low battery, etc.). C. It is not necessary to evacuate or ventilate the premises unless a level of 9 PPM or greater is detected, or there are indications of CO poisoning. 4. Carbon Monoxide Investigations A. Fresh air calibrate the meter prior to entering a contaminated environment. B. Initiate a survey of the premises to determine if there are any meter readings above 9 PPM. (Note: If readings are 35 PPM or greater, SCBA is required) C. If meter readings are under 9 PPM: i. Attempt to determine the source of the reading. If possible, turn off the source. ii. Recommend occupant(s) check or reset their CO detector. iii. Inform occupants of results of your investigation. iv. Inform occupant(s) to call 9-1-1 if "reset" detector sounds again. D. If meter readings are 9 PPM or greater: i. Inform occupant(s) you have detected a potentially dangerous level of carbon monoxide and evacuate occupant(s). ii. Attempt to determine the source of the reading, if possible, turn off source. Note: After turning off the source of a gas leak, the gas will not be turned back on by fire department personnel. The occupant should be directed to a service/repair technician to turn the gas back on. iii. Attempt to determine source of readings if not an appliance. Page 15 of 85  REVISED 04/2020 CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR RESPONSE iv. Ventilate premise wearing proper safety equipment (SCBA), if needed (35 PPM or greater). v. Once the premises have been reduced to a safe level of CO, premises may be occupied at the occupant(s)’ discretion. vi. Inform occupant(s) to call 9-1-1 if "reset" detector sounds again. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  If patients are exhibiting symptoms, refer to the EMS Protocol, Poisoning and Overdose.  Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, lighter-than-air gas that can be deadly. It is a by-product of a fuel burning process and can be produced from automobiles and appliances. Faulty and/or unusual conditions can increase the presence of carbon monoxide in a home or business.  Carbon monoxide poisoning may be difficult to diagnose. Its symptoms are similar to the flu, which may include headache, nausea, fatigue, and dizzy spells.  OSHA has established a maximum safe working level for carbon monoxide at 35 PPM (parts per million) over an 8-hour period in the general workplace. The United States EPA has established that residential levels should not exceed 9 PPM average over an 8-hour period.  After turning off the source of a gas leak, the gas will not be turned back on by fire department personnel. The occupant should be directed to a service/repair technician to turn the gas back on.  Northwest Natural Gas will respond to reports of leaks, odors or complaints of headaches, as requested. They will respond to fire department requests. Page 16 of 85  Revised 05/2020 CHIMNEY FIRES PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for incidents involving chimney fires. PROCEDURE 1. Check for immediate exterior exposures upon arrival. 2. Make sure residence is evacuated. 3. Check the attic and around the chimney for signs of extension. 4. Close off air to fireplace if possible. 5. Place salvage tub and / or Visqueen near the fireplace opening. 6. Pull a charged hose line (don’t bring in unless necessary for extension into the attic). 7. Discharge a small amount from dry chemical extinguisher up into the flue. Try to minimize discharge of product into living area. 8. Have a firefighter monitor the progress from the roof or ladder. 9. Ventilate the occupancy if necessary KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Use a thermal imaging camera, if available, to check for extension.  Closely monitor wood shake roofs.  Move insulation and stored items in the attic away from the flue.  Prepare equipment in case fire extends to attic: Piercing and/or distributor nozzles. Visqueen and pike poles.  See Fire & Rescue Protocol, Attic Fires. Page 17 of 85  Blank Page Page 18 of 85  Revised 05/2020 CRIME SCENES PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for responding to crime scenes. PROCEDURE 1. Response and arrival A. Stag out of sight until scene is secured by LE and you are cleared to enter. B. Make a mental note of physical and weather conditions. C. Do not park apparatus over visible tire tracks. D. Limit the number of personnel allowed on scene. 2. Access and operations A. Consult with law enforcement regarding the best access. B. When moving a victim, it is important to note: i. Location of furniture prior to moving. ii. Position of victim prior to moving. iii. Status of clothing. iv. Location of any weapons or other articles. v. Name of personnel who moved items. C. Consult with law enforcement regarding whether to pick up medical debris left over from treatment. D. Be conscious of any statements made. E. Do NOT cut through any holes in patients clothing. F. Do place victim on a clean sheet for transport. When transport is complete, try to obtain the sheet, fold it onto itself, and give to law enforcement. G. Write a detailed report regarding crew actions. H. See HRC EMS Protocols, Crime Scene Response under Operations for additional information. 3. Documentation A. A detailed report is important in case you are called to testify in court. An incident report should be completed and should cover your observations, conversations with family or witnesses, location of response vehicles, and any alterations of the scene due to emergency operations. B. Complete a Supplemental Event Report (SER). This document can be used to refresh your memory if you are called to court. C. Do not offer your opinions or evaluations about the crime scene. Page 19 of 85  Revised 05/2020 CRIME SCENES KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Consider the safety of your crew first.  To avoid destroying evidence, select a single route to and from the victim.  Always work with the assigned Police agency and if possible, have a Police Officer ride with the patient to the hospital to help with the investigation and provide crew safety. Page 20 of 85  Revised 05/2020 CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS MANAGEMENT PURPOSE To establish guidelines for dealing with a powerful event (e.g., effects on incident personnel). PROCEDURE 1. A “powerful event” is defined as any incident faced by personnel which causes them to experience unusually strong emotional involvement. 2. Examples of a powerful event include: A. Serious injury or death of a co-worker. B. Mass casualty incidents. C. Serious injury or death of a civilian resulting from emergency scene operations (e.g., auto accident, etc.). D. Death of a child or violence to a child. E. Suicide of a co-worker. F. Loss of life of a patient following extraordinary and prolonged expenditure of physical and emotional energy during rescue efforts. G. Incidents that attract extremely unusual or critical news media coverage. H. Any incident that is charged with profound emotion. I. Any incident in which the circumstances were so unusual or the sights and sounds so distressing as to produce a high level of immediate or delayed emotional reaction. 3. General signs and symptoms to be aware of: A. Obvious distress such as crying. B. Looking stunned. C. Appears withdrawn and disengaged D. Unusual behavior. E. Acting out of character. 4. Immediate care A. If possible, remove the person from contact with visual, smell and sounds of the scene for 15-30 minutes; then reassign to a different task. B. If not possible to take out of service, reassign to another task. C. Do not send the person home until evaluated by the Behavioral Health Specialist, or designee. 5. On-scene protection (minimizing the effects) A. Brief before deployment. (Let crewmembers know what to expect.) B. Work as a team. (Everyone goes in together; everyone comes out together.) C. Limit exposure to the scene. (If they don’t need to see it, don’t let them.) D. Establish rest areas away from the scene. Page 21 of 85  E. Fifteen-minute breaks should be given after every two hours of work. F. Six hours maximum should be the limit of time working on a critical incident. After that, personnel should be returned to quarters and given another assignment. 6. Activating a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Team is mandatory on the following incidents: A. On-duty death or serious injury to co-worker. B. Responding to an incident that involves the suicide of a co-worker. 7. The CISM Team may be activated by contacting a Duty Chief who should contact the District Behavioral Health Specialist. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  The CISM Team may be activated any time it is felt that personnel (including oneself) are being affected by critical incident stress.  The CISM Team will determine the type of response necessary (e.g., One-to-One Intervention, Immediate Small Group Support, Crisis Management Briefing (CMB), Respite-Information- Training, or Powerful Event Group Support.  If there is any delay in the response of the CISM Team, personnel are encouraged to dispatch the District’s (or other agencies’) Chaplain.  It is important to remind individuals, that participating in any debriefing is always voluntary and any individual always has the option to choose not to participate. Page 22 of 85  Revised 05/2020 DIVIDING AN INCIDENT PURPOSE To establish guidelines for dividing the scene of an emergency incident building/area. PROCEDURE 1. The system uses a letter designation for each exterior side of the emergency incident building (or area). 2. The front (street address) side of the building is designated as “Alpha” and the word designations (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta) move clockwise around the structure. 3. Building exposures may also be identified with a similar system – using the letter designation to identify each exposure based on its location. THE ABCD DESIGNATION SYSTEM STANDARD DIVISION C DIVISION B STRUCTURE DIVISION D DIVISION A THE EXPOSURE DESIGNATION SYSTEM STANDARD EXPOSURE C EXPOSURE B STRUCTURE EXPOSURE D EXPOSURE A Page 23 of 85  4. When operating in a multistory structure, it may be necessary to designate geographic locations by floor. This system of geographic designation uses the floor number, as shown below: THE MULTI-STORY DESIGNATION SYSTEM STANDARD DIVISION 5 DIVISION 4 EACH FLOOR DIVISION 3 IS A DIVISION DIVISION 2 BASEMENT 1 BASEMENT 2 KEY CONSIDERATIONS  On incidents that are spread over a wide area (e.g., multiple vehicle accidents on a freeway), the scene may be divided by using the apparatus number or the unit assigned to that particular area (e.g., Division E-2).  When an incident becomes two significant incidents (e.g., one structure fire creates another structure fire) consider dividing the management of these incidents into two separate incidents (e.g., separate OPS Channels, additional alarms, etc.). Page 24 of 85  Revised 05/2020 ELECTRICAL HAZARD INCIDENTS PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for handling fires involving electrical substations, transformer vaults, and other electrical hazards. PROCEDURE 1. All Electrical Incidents A. Request the response of a power company immediately. B. Establish a perimeter. Absolutely no non-essential personnel will be inside the perimeter without permission of the Incident Commander. C. Consider HazMat team consult/activation. D. Always establish a plan of action and weigh the risk/benefit of the operation prior to taking action. E. Assume that all power lines are energized or have the capability of being reenergized at any time unless power company officials have confirmed that they are not energized. F. Establish contingency plans. Consider calling for additional resources as needed. G. Attempt to locate and disconnect the power source at the breaker/fuse panels. H. Keep on-scene companies informed as to the energized status of an emergency scene. Announce if power has been cut, and when. I. If the above steps have not been accomplished and it is deemed necessary to enter the premises, special precautions will be taken to avoid contact with the energized conductors and use of fog streams for firefighting only as necessary. 2. Substations A. Do not enter the substation until cleared to do so by a power company employee. B. Protect exposures outside the yard until you are told by electrical personnel it is safe to enter. C. Strongly consider the conductivity of run-off and carefully aim hose streams. D. Stay clear of incoming and outgoing overhead lines. E. Do not use foam type extinguishing agents – use fog patterns only, and only as directed by power company personnel. 3. Transformer Vaults A. When a transformer vault fire occurs, damage is usually irreversible and immediate. Efforts will be limited to protecting the area from bystanders and to contain the spread of fire in the areas outside the vault. B. No fire personnel are to enter a vault for extinguishment without full approval of the power company and Incident Command. It must be fully determined that the electrical power has been cut to the vault. C. Crews should be cautious of above ground vaults involved in MVAs. When vaults are moved, the cover and anything in contact with the cover (e.g. a car) can become energized. Page 25 of 85  KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Unless authorized by the power company or Command, do not enter a substation or transformer vault.  Power company employees often secure points of entrance and egress and work alone to prevent accidents.  Power lines can be disconnected at the power source but can still be energized by induction from parallel lines.  Power circuit breakers and transformers can contain from 60 to 1,000 gallons of transil oil, which has a flash point of approximately 300°F. Some may contain PCBs.  Some power lines may be remotely re-energized by the power company without notifying incident personnel.  Consider the conductivity of surrounding objects (e.g., phone lines, cable TV lines, guard rail, chain link fence, wet landscaping, road striping, etc.).  Do not stage apparatus or personnel in the vicinity of wires or other potentially charged objects. Page 26 of 85  Revised 05/2020 ELEVATOR RESCUE PURPOSE To provide the supervisor a guide for the rescue, evacuation, or assistance of a person(s) trapped in an elevator. PROCEDURE 1. District personnel will only perform an elevator rescue when an immediate need for rescue exists. 2. Make contact with person trapped in elevator. Determine if there is an immediate need for removal; or is the situation stable enough to allow elevator personnel to arrive. 3. DO NOT force elevator doors to remove a person that is not in immediate life-threatening danger, either by medical problems or injury. 4. Assign personnel to the elevator mechanical room to maintain control of all elevator systems (with maintenance personnel when possible). Communications between the mechanical room and rescue teams must be maintained at all times. 5. Make contact with the onsite maintenance or security staff who are responsible for the elevators. A. Work with the onsite maintenance or security staff that is responsible for the elevators. B. Moving the elevator car or opening doors should be performed by an elevator technician in all non-emergency situations. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Consider calling for the Technical Rescue Team if rescue is complicated or involves specialized equipment.  Remember that portions of the shaft may be similar to, or considered a confined space. Page 27 of 85  REVISED 05/2020 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS PURPOSE To establish standard practices for communicating imminent hazards and threats to personnel operating at emergency incidents. COMMON TERMINOLOGY Abandon: The term “abandon” is used to direct companies or crews operating in the Hazard Zone to immediately exit via escape routes to a safe place. Companies or crews abandoning the Hazard Zone will take only the tools, equipment, and hose lines necessary to permit their emergency egress. CARA: Conditions, Actions, Resources, Air Cease Operation: All Quiet: Order given by the IC. Typically used during Search and Rescue operations when listening for PASS devises or when listening equipment is being used by Technical Search and Rescue crews. This order may be preceded by “Emergency Traffic”. Code Zero: A law enforcement term used to request all available officers to respond code 3 to an incident. To be used only when unable to transmit clear text and someone’s life is in imminent danger. “Dispatch M-2, code zero my location.” Emergency Traffic: The phrase "Emergency Traffic" is used in radio communications to indicate a critical, life safety related message. "Emergency traffic" communications have priority over all other radio communications with the exception of a Mayday message. Evacuate: The term "Evacuate" will be limited to removal of civilians who are exposed or are potentially exposed to hazards presented by the incident. Mayday: “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday” is the signal phrase used in radio communications to indicate a missing, trapped, or injured firefighter in need of immediate assistance. Mayday messages have absolute priority over all other radio communications. Personal Accountability Report (PAR): A report designed to provide the IC with information concerning the identity of individual members of a company or team and their assignments and to account for the assignment of companies. Withdraw: The term "Withdraw" is used to order the controlled tactical movement from current operating positions to a safer location. Companies or crews who are withdrawing from an operating position will remove tools, equipment and hose lines. PROCEDURE 1. Any member with an “emergency traffic” or “mayday, mayday, mayday” message will transmit that message on the OPS channel. 2. If Command receives an “emergency traffic” or “mayday, mayday, mayday” message via dispatch, they will immediately retransmit the message over the assigned OPS channel. EMERGENCY TRAFFIC 1. The signal phrase “emergency traffic” is used to request priority access for communications critical to life safety. Situations in which emergency traffic communications are indicated include (but are not limited to): A. Abandoning the Hazard Zone. B. Reporting extreme safety hazards such as imminent structural collapse. C. Changing strategy from offense to defense. Page 28 of 85  REVISED 05/2020 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS D. Requesting additional resources in a critical situation. 2. Emergency traffic has priority over all other radio communications (with the exception of a “mayday” message). All other radio traffic must cease and personnel must monitor the emergency traffic message. 3. After stating an “emergency traffic” message, the person initiating shall convey a plain language description of emergency or order. A. “Emergency Traffic, Emergency Traffic, we have partial building collapse Delta side.” B. “Emergency Traffic, Emergency Traffic, all interior units abandon the structure, we have imminent roof collapse. “ “Emergency Traffic” messages should be repeated on all appropriate OPS frequencies. ABANDONING THE HAZARD ZONE 1. Rapidly developing hazardous conditions may require Command to order all companies and crews operating in the Hazard Zone to abandon that area of operation and immediately exit to a safe area. In a Wildland/urban interface incident or other incident with a variable perimeter, safety zones must be defined by proclamation (i.e., the Safety Zone is located at...). In structure fires, safety zones are predefined at the corners of the structure and outside the collapse zone (others may be defined by proclamation). 2. Communicating the order to abandon the Hazard Zone is accomplished through first, emergency traffic radio communication and second, an audible signal. An order to abandon the Hazard Zone deviates from the standard radio communications model as it is broadcast to all companies and crews (rather than specifically directed). “All Companies, Command with emergency traffic. Abandon the building, abandon the building. Command repeating emergency traffic, abandon the building, abandon the building. All Engineers sound the air horns.” 3. Upon receipt of an order by the Incident Commander to abandon the Hazard Zone, all Engineers close to the Hazard Zone will sound their air horn with three long continuous blast lasting for approximately ten seconds. 4. The Incident Commander will then repeat the emergency traffic message. 5. Following the order to abandon the Hazard Zone, Command must account for all resources operating at the incident by initiating a personnel accountability report (PAR). PERSONAL ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT (PAR) 1. A PAR is conducted when: A. A firefighter or team is presumed missing or trapped. B. When changing from offensive to defensive operations. C. A catastrophic change in the incident occurs. D. When the IC determines that a need exists for a PAR. 2. PAR radio transmissions should be completed in a rapid and efficient manner. To accomplish this, a standard method of radio response is necessary. When PAR is called for, the appropriate supervisor will report whether the PAR is complete and will specify which crews/teams are under their command. Standardized examples of reports are as follows: Page 29 of 85  REVISED 05/2020 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS A. “All units from command, stand by for PAR in one minute. All units from command, stand by for PAR in one minute.” B. If the PAR has been conducted and all personnel are accounted for: “Command from E-2, PAR with 3.” C. If the PAR has been conducted and personnel are missing: "Command Tower-3, we do not have PAR, we are missing one, FF Dawson, LAST KNOWN LOCATION 2nd floor stairwell." D. If you are assigned a group or division on separate tac channels; “Command from S/R group, we are have PAR of four on T-3, PAR of four E-55 and PAR of two on E-67. “ E. If the PAR in the Division/Group has not been completely conducted: “Division 2, PAR NOT COMPLETED, Stand-by.” MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY 1. The signal phrase “mayday, mayday, mayday” is used to clearly communicate that a firefighter is missing, trapped, or injured and in need of assistance. This word is used to differentiate this type of emergency from others that may be communicated using the “emergency traffic” signal phrase. 2. Firefighters will transmit a “mayday” message three times on the OPS channel and report their company, last name, last known location and situation. “Mayday, mayday, mayday, Engine 1 Firefighter Smith, with a mayday, I’m in a second-floor bedroom, Alpha Bravo corner, and low on air.” A. If unable to contact Command on the OPS channel, turn the radio frequency control clockwise to the last channel on the radio, position 16 “mayday channel” and announce the “mayday” message. B. If unable to contact the Incident Commander on the “mayday” channel, turn the radio frequency control counter-clockwise to position 1 “dispatch” and announce the “mayday” message. C. After receipt of a “mayday, mayday, mayday” message, Command or Ops will attempt to communicate with the mayday FF directly to best determine needs. The message may only be, “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday.” IC, “FF with the Mayday, what is your mayday?” FF, “I am lost and low on air. Last location was with E-2 S/R floor two Charlie side.” IC, “Received, lost and low on air floor two Charlie side. Stand by and activate your PASS device” The mayday will then be managed by IC or designee depending on incident size. RIT will be activated and other firefighting efforts already in place will be maintained to continue working towards stabilization of the incident. The area of the mayday will be given additional resources as needed by the mayday manager. Additional resources should be requested to the scene by IC. Page 30 of 85  REVISED 05/2020 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS CODE ZERO 1. The term “Code Zero” is the designation used to indicate an immediate need for police. “Code Zero” should be used only when unable to transmit in clear text and when someone’s life is in danger. “Dispatch, Engine 1 with a code zero.” 2. DISPATCH WILL NOT REQUEST ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FROM THE SENDER. Page 31 of 85  EVACUATION OF OCCUPANTS — STRUCTURE FIRE PURPOSE To establish guidelines for building evacuations PROCEDURE 1. Evacuate persons in the greatest danger first A. Those in the immediate area of fire B. Those above the immediate area of fire 2. Assign specific areas for evacuation Companies should be assigned, according to priorities, to specific divisions or groups to evacuate and report “All Clear” 3. Identify safe evacuation routes A. Companies may have to be assigned to keep the evacuation routes safe (e.g., with protective lines, ventilation, etc.). B. Normal means of egress will be utilized first and include halls, stairs, elevators, etc. C. Secondary means of egress include aerial ladders, hand ladders, fire escapes, etc. D. If the evacuation route is unsafe, consider leaving occupants where they are until conditions improve. 4. Identify evacuation stairwells In multi-story buildings it may be necessary to designate one stairway to be used for evacuation while another is used for firefighting and/or ventilation. 5. Evacuate to a safe location A. Move evacuees to a location out of danger, but not further than is practical. B. In a multi-story building – two or three floors below the fire is usually adequate. 6. Authority to evacuate A. Fire personnel may order citizens to evacuate if there is a significant danger. B. This does not apply to bomb threat situations, which are under police jurisdiction. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  The commitment of companies should be sufficient to provide for non-ambulatory evacuees and those needing physical assistance. Page 32 of 85  FALSE ALARMS PURPOSE To establish procedures for incidents involving automatic alarms with no apparent emergency need. PROCEDURE 1. Initiate Command, complete size-up. 2. Determine from dispatch the type of alarm and area covered. 3. Contact on-site personnel. If the response is after hours, contact or have dispatch contact the responsible party and have them respond to the scene ASAP. 4. Determine building entry needs. A. For “Water Flow” alarms and “Fire Alarm Activations” where a fire is evident or suspected or where sprinkler water is flowing – enter the building. If the building is vacant or unattended, force entry. B. For other types of alarm activations entry can be delayed until the responsible party arrives. C. If additional non-trouble alarms are received prior to the responsible party arriving – enter or force entry into the building. 5. Establish entry, bring: A. Forcible entry tools, SCBA and hand lights. B. Water extinguisher, sprinkler and door stops. 6. If forcible entry is required employ the least destructive method. 7. If fire is encountered, follow established Fire Attack procedures (remember risk v. benefit – 2 in 2 out). 8. If no fire is located, determine the cause for the alarm and take corrective action if possible. 9. Unless a state of emergency has been declared do not leave from a scene prior to: A. Putting the fire or alarm system back in service, or B. Posting a fire watch, or C. Releasing the scene to a competent responsible party. 10. Notify Fire Chief via email of problematic false alarms and actions taken. Page 33 of 85  FIRE DEATH VICTIMS PURPOSE To establish guidelines for handling the removal and care of fire death victims. PROCEDURE 1. If a fire death victim is discovered during fire scene operations, the Incident Commander will immediately notify the following: A. The County Medical Examiner for the county in which the incident has occurred B. The law enforcement agency having jurisdiction C. The Fire Chief and the State Fire Marshall D. District Chaplain 2. A victim may be removed only if the body is so located that it will sustain further damage. 3. If moved outside the structure, the body will be covered and one firefighter posted at the location. Before the body is moved: A. Take mental notes B. Create sketches C. Take pictures of the location and position of the body so an Oregon Fire Casualty Report can be completed with a drawing depicting the position of the victim when found. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Actual identification of a victim will be left to the medical examiner and no statements referring to the victim’s identification or cause of death will be made by Fire Personnel. Page 34 of 85  12/2019 FIREGROUND DECONTAMINATION PURPOSE To establish a best practice that minimizes exposure to toxic fireground contaminants and provides a preferred pathway toward personal and equipment decontamination. PROCEDURE 1. Pre-Response – Preparation A. Place personal “Red Bag” and duty boots on the apparatus. This bag includes class B, C or E uniform, towel, spare hood, and spare firefighting gloves. B. Ensure appropriate Contamination Control Kit is placed on the apparatus. (See appendix A) C. Ensure second set of turnouts are clean, stored properly and ready for immediate service at the station. D. Ensure PPE, apparatus cab and all equipment is clean and free from contaminants. 2. Fireground Considerations – Arrival A. When possible, spot and stage apparatus uphill and upwind. B. Keep apparatus windows closed and shut off air conditioning and heat to minimize airborne contaminants from entering the cab. C. Apparatus not involved in integral fireground operations should be shut off to reduce diesel exhaust on scene unless a shutdown is not recommended by the manufacturer. D. Determine Hot, Warm and Cold Zone parameters. The marking of formal isolation and control zones may not occur at every fire incident. All personnel should be aware that isolation or control zones still exist.  Hot Zone: o Any IDLH area. o Any area within the immediate perimeter of any fire or products of combustion (which include smoke and soot).  Warm Zone: o The area between the Hot and Cold Zone. o The area not in the immediate vicinity of any fire or products of combustion o Gross Decon and cleaning of the body will be located in the Warm Zone.  Cold Zone: o Any area without risk o Any area outside of the Hot and Warm Zones, ideally uphill and upwind. o Rehab will be located in the Cold Zone. 3. Fireground Considerations – Suppression Activities A. An assumed Hot Zone of 75 feet around a structure should be established on working fires. Personnel within the Hot Zone will utilize SCBA. The zone may be adjusted to accommodate actual working space around the incident and the area surrounding the scene where airborne contaminants are present. Page 35 of 85  12/2019 FIREGROUND DECONTAMINATION B. Reduce the amount of exposure by performing a fire attack from the upwind position when possible and utilizing the reach of the hose stream. C. Frequent crew rotation reduces exposure and should be considered when staffing levels allow. D. Water, foam, and time facilitate cooling which decreases airborne particulates and toxins. After the fire is under control use water or foam to cool fire damaged material and structural components. E. Ventilate post fire knock-down to dilute toxins and transport them away from the hazard zone. Gas powered fans may be used, but electric fans are preferred. F. Exit the structure on air and remain on air until a gross decontamination of PPE is performed. G. Gross decontamination will occur within the Warm Zone. 4. Preliminary Exposure Reduction: Gross Decon Setup A. It will be the AO’s responsibility to establish the gross decon area. After attack lines are flowing and water supply is established, the first and/or second arriving engine AO’s will establish a gross decon area in the Warm Zone. B. When resources are sufficient, it is beneficial to assign an additional crew to oversee the decon process. C. The gross decon area shall be designated by deploying an approved decon hose line and marking the nozzle location with a traffic cone. D. Decon Line Set Up: The decon hose line(s) will include an in-line pressure regulator with a garden-style hose and nozzle. Using a 2 ½” to ¾” (GHT) reducer will facilitate hose and nozzle set-up. Utilizing the decon kit is required as it will provide sufficient flow at a lower water pressure, which reduces the possibility of embedding particulate/toxins further into fabric. 5. Preliminary Exposure Reduction: Gross Decon Process A. All fire personnel that were exposed to products of combustion will utilize the gross decon rule of thumb: if personnel were on air, they will decon. B. After exiting the Hot Zone, while remaining on air, personnel report directly to the designated decon area. C. Members with the lowest air supply should be decontaminated first and are to remain on air until gross decon is complete. D. Maintaining crew integrity, members will assist each other in rinsing off debris and products of combustion in a systematic and thorough manner. Personnel should loosen SCBA straps to enable a more thorough cleaning. Personnel should be careful to not saturate the inner lining of the PPE. The goal is to keep the PPE operationally dry on the interior, but as clean as possible on the exterior. Soft bristle scrub brushes and District approved SR-71 turnout cleaner solution will be used to facilitate the cleaning process. Members must be on air while being decontaminated and when they are performing decon on others. E. After rinsing the exterior portion of the PPE, personnel may go off air to doff their PPE. Care should be taken while removing gloves and hood to reduce potential secondary contamination. F. Decontamination of helmets should be performed after removal, utilizing water and scrub brush for the exterior, and decontamination wipes for the head harness. Page 36 of 85  12/2019 FIREGROUND DECONTAMINATION 6. Drop Zone A. Depending on the extent and duration of the incident, all PPE will be left in a prepared Drop Zone. If a formal rehab area is not established due to a quicker knock down and/or rapid demobilization, a Drop Zone may not be utilized. B. Located in the Warm Zone, remote and downwind of Rehab. C. Placement of tarps is suggested to protect equipment and designate this area. D. Personal cleaning: After doffing PPE and prior to entering Rehab, wash hands, wrists, neck, and face with District provided dermal decontamination wipes. Use of District provided soap/cleaner with running water, if available, is the optimal method for on-scene cleaning of these areas. 7. Fireground Considerations – Overhaul A. Let fire-involved material cool. Wait 45 minutes before engaging in overhaul allowing airborne particulates to settle and off-gassing to decrease. B. Continue to ventilate, introducing clean air into the workspace, utilizing electric fans is preferred. C. All overhaul activities must be performed on air. 8. Fireground Considerations – Rehabilitation A. Rehab should be located uphill, upwind, and in the Cold Zone. B. Personnel exposed to products of combustion must decontaminate before proceeding to rehab. C. If incident priorities dictate rapid reassignment, personnel must still gross decon, then receive fresh SCBA bottles and immediately redeploy. If reassignment is delayed, reducing contamination from off gassing PPE should addressed by performing Initial Rehab. D. If Initial Rehab is being utilized due to the nature of the incident, personnel will remove their coat and lower bunker pants to allow for rapid cooling and increase the distance between off gassing contaminated gear and their respiratory system. Personal cleaning will be performed after doffing PPE. E. Turnouts are to be doffed prior to entering the rehab corridor. F. If Full Rehab is established, personnel should fully doff PPE at the Drop Zone, perform personal cleaning and utilize duty boots while in rehab. Personnel will perform Formal Rehab following their second 45-minute bottle. G. Personnel will ensure gross decon and personal cleaning is completed prior to eating or drinking. 9. Fireground Considerations – Reassignment A. After personnel have completed Rehab and are ready for reassignment, they will check out of Rehab and proceed to the designated staging area and announce, “ready for reassignment.” B. If any new assignment involves further exposure to products of combustion, the crew will again perform the gross decon process after completing their assignment. 10. Fireground Considerations - Demobilization A. First In – First Out. When possible, first arriving units involved in suppression, search, and ventilation activities should be demobilized first. Page 37 of 85  12/2019 FIREGROUND DECONTAMINATION B. Personnel may perform demobilization activities wearing turnout bottoms and fire boots. C. Contaminated fire hose should be cleaned on scene or bagged and stored safely for transport to the station for cleaning. Uncleaned, contaminated hose will not be reloaded. D. Place and seal contaminated PPE in a PPE Containment Bag and transport to the station in a rear compartment. E. If conditions permit, change out of contaminated clothing into clean class-B, C or E uniform. Otherwise, don class C or E uniform over contaminated clothing to reduce contamination to the interior of apparatus cab. F. Place contaminated clothing in a red bio-bag and transport in a rear compartment. G. Clean SCBA and equipment (tools, radio straps) on scene utilizing SR71 solution, scrub brush, and water. H. Clean radios on scene with decontamination wipes. Do not rinse with copious amounts of water. I. Place fully decontaminated SCBA’s into PPE Containment Bags, seal and place into seat mounted brackets. The intention is to isolate draining water and remnant off-gassing from the interior of the apparatus cab. J. First arriving, most contaminated crews should remain out of service until personnel have showered. 11. Post Response – Back in Quarters A. Prior to apparatus restoration, personnel involved in suppression activities should strive to shower within one hour of exposure. B. Wear nitrile gloves and safety glasses while restoring contaminated equipment. C. Wash contaminated PPE according to District standard with the approved wash appliances and equipment. D. Remove bagged SCBA’s from apparatus seat mounts, ensure they are fully cleaned, and allow them to drain and dry outside of the apparatus. E. Complete radio cleaning with a fresh SR-71 solution. Apply the solution sparingly with a stiff, non-metallic, short bristled brush, ensuring excess solution does not get entrapped near connectors, controls or crevices. Dry the radio with a soft cloth. If necessary, clean battery contacts with a lint free cloth. F. Ensure interior of the apparatus cab is clean and free of contaminants. If the cab smells like smoke at shift change, it isn’t clean. G. Ensure all spare SCBA bottles have been fully cleaned. Contaminated bottles lead to secondary contamination of those who fill them. H. Clean, dry, and restock apparatus Contamination Control Kits. Page 38 of 85  12/2019 FIREGROUND DECONTAMINATION KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Handle contaminated clothing and PPE with nitrile gloves and eye protection. Respiratory protection is recommended.  Test results reveal airborne toxins can be present within 75 feet of a structure fire.  Company Officers should document specific on scene crew actions in the incident reporting system Unit Narrative (using FIRES format) and confirm accuracy of the Unit Personnel. Non-symptomatic exposure documentation shall be completed in On-scene RMS. Symptomatic exposure reporting will also be documented in the TVFR Employee Health Portal. This ensures a historical record of fireground exposure over an individual’s fire career.  Decontamination Kits are carried on all engine companies and career Squads. All other suppression units will carry a PPE Containment Kit. Decontamination is the responsibility of ALL personnel. Company officers will be held accountable for the safety of their crews, including following decon procedures. Page 39 of 85  12/2019 FIREGROUND DECONTAMINATION Appendix A: Contamination Control Kits 1. Decon Bucket: A. 5-gallon bucket with lid, green B. SR-71 NWSC turnout cleaner C. Hose: 1061 pencil line 5/8” x 50’ GHT with pressure reducer D. Hose nozzle: rear trigger E. Adapter: 2.5” female x.75” male GHT F. Short handle utility scrub brush G. Duct tape H. PPE Containment Bags: 55-gallon, 6 mil bags, clear I. Dermal decontamination wipes J. Red bio-hazard bags, small 2. PPE Containment Kit: A. Container for holding contents B. PPE Containment Bags: 55-gallon, 6 mil bags, clear C. Dermal decontamination wipes D. Red bio-hazard bags, small Definitions: Preliminary Exposure Reduction: Terminology used by NFPA 1851 (2020) to describe actions to reduce the exposure of the individual to soiling, products of combustion and contamination while doffing PPE and to minimize the spread of contamination to apparatus. For this FRP, it can be used synonymously with Gross Decontamination. Gross decontamination: For this FRP, may be used synonymously with Preliminary Exposure Reduction. Not to be inferred that clothing is rendered safe for reuse and free from contamination. Drop zone: PPE doffing area, located in the warm zone. Initial rehabilitation: Rehab performed when resources or need does not dictate the need for a full rehab. Includes doffing SCBA, helmet, gloves, coat and hood. Personal cleaning to be performed. Officer in charge will be responsible to provide physical assessments, fluid and nutrition as appropriate. Full rehabilitation: The IC will establish the Rehab Group when conditions indicate that rest and rehabilitation are needed for personnel operating at an emergency incident. Personal cleaning: The removal of contaminants from personnel through the use of dermal decontamination wipes, soap and water, and by showering. Demobilization: The process of readying personnel and equipment to depart the scene. PPE containment bag: A 55-gallon, 6 mil., clear plastic bag which, used in conjunction with duct tape and sealed properly, will effectively contain contaminated PPE and equipment. Dermal decontamination wipes: Pre-moistened wipes specifically designed to remove contaminants from skin and equipment surfaces. SR-71: Neutral PH cleaner designed and approved to remove contaminants from PPE. A very effective cleaner for all contaminated equipment. Is provided as a concentrate and must be diluted into a usable solution. SR-71 solution: The solution recommended for preliminary exposure reduction following exposure to products of combustion is 1 ounce of SR-71 concentrate to 4-5 gallons of fresh water. Page 40 of 85  FIREGROUND SAFETY PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for fireground operations. PROCEDURE 1. Tactical Positioning A. The intent is for personnel to utilize safe positioning where possible, in an effort to safeguard against sudden hazardous developments such as backdraft explosion, smoke explosion, structural collapse, BLEVE, etc. B. When operating in a defensive mode, your operating position should be as far from the involved area as possible and still remain effective. Position and operate from behind barriers if available (fences, walls, etc.). C. In situations where personnel must operate from opposing or conflicting positions, such as front vs. rear attack streams, interior vs. exterior streams, roof vs. interior, etc., utilize radio or face-to-face communications to coordinate your actions with those of the opposing crew in an effort to prevent needless injuries. D. Do not operate exterior streams, whether hand lines, master streams, ladder pipes, etc., into an area where interior personnel are operating. This procedure is intended to prevent injuries to personnel due to stream blast and the driving of fire and/or heavy heat and smoke onto interior personnel. E. When operating either above or below ground level, establish at least two separate escape routes when possible, such as stairways, ladders, exits, etc., preferably at opposite ends of the building or separated by considerable distance. 2. Establishing a Perimeter A. The fireground or emergency incident perimeter established by Command will be marked off, when practical, by barrier tape. Other methods may be used when necessary, such as natural barriers, walls, road barricades, etc. Control of the perimeter and the area within it are the responsibility of Command. B. No unauthorized personnel will be allowed within the perimeter. All non-fire personnel allowed to enter will be required to wear protective clothing suitable for the situation and area to be entered. C. All personnel entering the emergency incident perimeter will: i. Be tracked by Passport Accountability System. ii. Be authorized by the IC. iii. Wear protective clothing appropriate for the incident. iv. Have company/crew intact. v. Be assigned. vi. ALL OTHERS, STAY OUTSIDE 3. Firefighter Team Safety A. Division/Group Supervisors and/or Company Officers will be able to account for the whereabouts and welfare of all crews/crew members under their assignment. Page 41 of 85  FIREGROUND SAFETY B. Supervisors will ensure that all crew members are operating within their assigned area only. C. Supervisors will keep their Director/Manager informed of changing conditions within their assigned area, and particularly those changing conditions which may affect the safety of personnel. D. In an effort to regulate the amount of fatigue suffered by fireground personnel during sustained field operations, Company Officers should frequently assess the physical condition of all crews assigned to them. E. The establishment of an Incident Safety Officer(s) at any incident in no way diminishes the responsibility of all Company Officers for the safety of their assigned personnel and of each member to utilize common (safety) sense, and to work within the intent of established safety procedures at all times. F. Buildings will be constantly evaluated for tenable interior operations and collapse potential. These evaluations should be a major consideration toward determining the tactical mode (e.g., offensive/defensive.). G. It is Commands responsibility to determine if the current strategy and tactics are safe and fit within a continual risk/benefit assessment. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  The safety of firefighting personnel represents the major reason for an effective and well- timed offensive/defensive decision.  Interior firefighting operations should be abandoned when the extent of the fire prohibits or the structure becomes unsafe to operate within. When conditions become untenable, withdraw or abandon the structure.  Ensure Rehab is established for any continuing fireground operations. Page 42 of 85  FLAMMABLE LIQUID FIRES PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for incidents involving flammable liquids. PROCEDURE 1. Stage upwind, uphill and pointing away from the site. 2. Isolate the area and locate sources of water based on the size of the fire. 3. Determine the type of fuel involved: A. Gasoline B. Ethanol C. Diesel D. Blended Mixtures Note: Remember most fuels have some percentage of ethanol blending. 4. Early notification and Hazmat contact for ethanol blended fires requiring foam application. A. Notify OERS Consult with OERS Duty Officer Consider request for AR-AFFF foam trailer response for large fires Consider fuel reclaiming company response. B. Develop a plan of attack, with options. C. Ensure attack crews are briefed on safe entry and foam application methods. D. Consider using public works/ODOT/Law Enforcement to assist with incident. 5. Prepare to protect exposures: A. Water for cooling measures and protection for rescue situations. B. Consider run-off problems that may be created. C. Isolate drains and waterways with diking or diverting measures. Consider covering sewers and drains. Consider using HazMat worms, charged hoseline, or dirt. Page 43 of 85  KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Strongly consider allowing the product to burn off while protecting exposures and the environment until an adequate amount of AR-AFFF foam is available.  Consider pressure explosion in cases where heated containers cannot be cooled.  Emergency Response Guidebook ID #127 UN #3475 10% - 85% Ethanol blend UN #1987 >85% Ethanol blend  Emergency Response Guidebook ID #128 UN #1202 Diesel UN #1203 Gasoline 10% ethanol blended fires Page 44 of 85  This page left blank. Page 45 of 85  HIGH RISK OCCUPANCY FIRES PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for incidents involving high risk occupancy fires (e.g., hotels, schools, hospitals). PROCEDURE 1. Immediately call for adequate evacuation resources. 2. Staff Planning and Logistics to assist with evacuees. Consider relief organizations such as Red Cross to provide additional assistance. 3. Consider ordering buses to shelter/move evacuees. 4. Implement Mass Casualty Incident protocols if needed: A. Establish a Medical Branch Director. B. Refer to EMS Protocol, Mass Casualty Incident. 5. Appoint a Liaison officer and contact a PIO: A. Designate a Media Staging area. B. Coordinate contacting victims’ relatives with law enforcement. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Use an organized search and rescue plan: Track personnel with an accountability system. Assign specific units to manage Division searches. Clearly mark areas and rooms that have been searched. See Search Assessment Marking’s under Structural Triage FRP. Ensure all personnel know where to send evacuees. These occupancies should be pre-planned in coordination with the DFM and fire station crews. Page 46 of 85  Revised 04/2020 HIGHWAY RESPONSE PURPOSE To provide specific information and procedures to be used during, but not limited to, highway and freeway incidents. PROCEDURE 1. Approach (Refer to corresponding Training Bulletin, Highway Safety.) A. Units should attempt to reach the scene in the direction of the reported incident unless otherwise instructed. B. Units should proceed in the opposite direction to normal flow ONLY when it is assured that all traffic has been stopped. C. It is the responsibility of the first unit to direct other units via alternate access if unable to reach the scene. Specific directions should be given regarding approach and direction for other companies when problems are encountered. D. Always position first arriving apparatus to block the scene, patients and emergency personnel by creating a physical barrier between the incident and the approaching traffic. The block should cover the incident lane and one additional lane of traffic that is not involved in the incident. E. For vehicle fire highway response, blocking of all lanes and complete closure may be needed to provide for safe fire attack operations. See Vehicle Fire FRP. NOTE: When positioning apparatus to block multiple lanes of traffic, position apparatus at a 45° angle to the incident and point the front tires away from the incident. F. During daytime operations, leave all emergency lights on to provide warning to drivers. G. During night-time operations, attempts will be made to minimize any lighting that could blind oncoming traffic or cause a hazard. Headlights of response vehicles should be turned off and emergency lights shall be minimized whenever possible. H. Safety vests will be worn during ALL highway incidents except during firefighting activity. After the fire has been extinguished safety vests will be worn. Night-time response will require wearing of full structural PPE in addition to safety vest for increased reflectivity. 2. Command A. The first unit arriving will establish Command and give an initial size up to include traffic conditions. B. Incident Command should attempt to make contact with law enforcement and/or ODOT. C. During large, complex incidents a unified command should be initiated. 3. Termination A. Once the incident has been terminated, remove crews and equipment from the highway/freeway as quickly and safely as possible. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Always operate from a defensive posture.  Always consider moving vehicles as a threat to your safety. Think Safety First! Page 47 of 85  INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK PURPOSE To establish guidelines for responding to events where there may be a significant infectious disease risk. This protocol contains four major components; each may be modified based on the specific situation (infectious agent, scope of event, etc.). PROCEDURE 1. Initial Response When a trend is recognized by administrative staff or line crews, or when notification is received from an external source. The following steps will be taken: A. The Duty Officer will notify: i. Appropriate county health department ii. County ambulance providers iii. Physician Supervisor iv. Fire Chief B. The Duty Officer will contact the affected station(s) and remind them to pursue appropriate measures for the specific disease (e.g., diligent cleaning of kits, station and apparatus cab surfaces, and other areas that might harbor contagions). C. Using the existing Incident Notification System, the Duty Officer will send out a reminder to all stations and crews to wear PPE for all patients exhibiting symptoms of viral or bacterial illness, to be extra careful in decontaminating and handling equipment, and to double glove in order to provide an extra layer of protection against cross-contamination prior to decon. D. The county health department is responsible for providing containment information and advice to the facility staff. E. The Duty Officer and Physician Supervisor will evaluate the exposure risk. If more than “normal” precautions and PPE are required they will immediately provide notification to affected crews and the Duty Officer. 2. Advanced Response – Significant Outbreak, Highly Infectious, or Highly Virulent Disease A. If there is an unusual risk of employee exposure (e.g., pathogen may breach normal PPE or is highly infectious), operational response modifications may be considered. At a minimum this should include the guidelines noted in this section. B. EMS Operations staff will work with the Physician Supervisor to draft a modified response plan. This plan may be implemented on a smaller scale (e.g., single facility), or it may be implemented County-wide, depending on the nature of the situation. A modified response plan will address the following: i. Dispatch Changes: If possible, pre-warning will be given to responding units. Any modifications to the normal CAD recommendations and response patterns will be approved by EMS Operations, Chief, and the Physician Supervisor. Page 48 of 85  Substantial changes to dispatch protocols may require activation of a Fire Dispatch Liaison. ii. Limited Crew Exposure: Depending on patient symptoms and status, the PIC may elect to limit patient exposure to only one member of the crew, who will wear appropriate PPE and ensure all necessary decontamination steps are taken. iii. Extra Precautions: Advanced PPE, to include Tyvek suits, double gloves, and face masks may be worn depending on the advice from the Physician Supervisor. iv. Equipment Staging: Equipment may be staged outside the area where it will not come into contact with contaminants until it is directly needed for patient care or resuscitation. This staging area (aka, exclusion zone) may vary considerably depending on the disease and patient characteristics. It could be outside the patient’s room, or outside the entire structure. v. Transport Coordination: The EMS Operations will coordinate any changes in response with the appropriate county EMS agencies, including any special PPE or procedures needed for crews riding in with a transport. vi. Treatment Protocol: Any modifications to treatment protocols (e.g., limiting invasive procedures) will likely be determined on a county or statewide basis. 3. Quarantine Procedure A. Personnel who are believed to have come into contact with infectious agents, who were not wearing PPE, did not properly decon, or whose PPE was insufficient or breached, and who are NOT currently symptomatic will notify their Duty Officer. Based on the level of exposure and the risk to other employees, the Duty Officer will provide a recommendation: i. Allow the employee to continue working, with careful behavior tips to include regular hand washing, etc. ii. Have the employee remain off-duty until the incubation period has passed. B. Personnel who are symptomatic must immediately be relieved of duty if at work. Remaining on-duty personnel should take the necessary decontamination and/or disinfection precautions to ensure the station is clean of contagions, such as cleaning all equipment, flat surfaces, door handles, headsets, etc. C. Personnel who are symptomatic and who are off-duty should contact the Duty Officer, complete exposure forms, and remain off-duty until cleared. D. If the situation leads to a large number of personnel who are in quarantine status, and normal staffing patterns are disrupted, the Duty Officer and Chief will determine logistics associated with minimum staffing. Page 49 of 85  LANDING ZONE PURPOSE To provide guidelines for the safe and proper construction of a helicopter landing zone. PROCEDURE 1. Landing area must be as flat as possible and free of obstructions. 2. Minimum of 100’ diameter – either triangle or square. 3. Identify all hazards: overhead wires, obstructions, aircraft, traffic patterns, wind or other hazards. 4. Consider noise interference, hazardous environment, and rotor wash. 5. Establish landing zone in a secure area away from the incident site. Consider designated landing zone – HRC fairgrounds, HR Friendship park, or HR Airport Consider using physical address, cross streets, or HWY MP Consider using GPS coordinates 6. Mark and identify landing zone from air. Clearly mark corners with strobes (or flares) or cones. Use heavy weight to secure the markers so they do not blow away in rotor wash. 7. Notify Medical Branch/IC of landing zone location. 8. Communicate with aero medical on Tac Channel – Air to Ground. 9. Maintain close security of landing zone. KEY CONSIDERATIONS  Minimize the amount of light on the landing zone.  Wear PPE.  Always approach from in sight of pilot and/or under escort of crew, once signal of “OK” is given.  Carry all items below shoulder level at all times.  Button up all clothing and remove fly-away materials.  Follow traffic pattern in and out of landing zone.  Do not approach aircraft until instructed to do so. Page 50 of 85  MARKING SCENE HAZARDS PURPOSE To establish guidelines for identifying and marking on-scene safety hazards and ensure that personnel are kept a safe distance from a hazard that could cause serious injury or death. PROCEDURE 1. The responder that first identifies a said hazard will immediately make an “Emergency Traffic” announcement over the radio identifying the safety hazard. 2. The notification will identify the hazard, its location, and the risk it may pose if not immediately known. Dispatch will be made aware of the hazard and notify all arriving units. 3. The responder reporting the hazard will remain at the hazard (when possible) to keep others away until personnel can tape off the hazard. 4. If remaining at the hazard is not possible, every attempt will be made to make all personnel on-scene and those soon to arrive on-scene aware of the hazard. The next arriving personnel will be assigned to stand by the hazard until tape may be put up. 5. The hazard will be taped off using yellow tape with the words “DANGER.” The “DANGER” tape will only be used in this type of situation so not to confuse emergency personnel with other types of hazards. 6. Glow sticks or flashing hockey pucks may be used during nighttime or low light situations to bring attention to the hazard tape. 7. If needed, traffic cones may be used as points to tie the hazard tape. 8. Every effort will be made to ensure all angles of accessibility are taped off. 9. In the event of downed power lines: A. The taped off area should be a safe distance away to allow for the movement of the power lines. In no case should personnel be closer than 20 feet to power lines. B. It is important to note that power lines that have been proven uncharged may become charged or hot at a later time due to automatic breakers and tripping devices. C. All power lines will be treated as charged until the power company says they are not. 10. After hazard tape has been put in place, no responder will cross the tape or work inside the hazard area until the hazard has been removed or mitigated and the hazard tape has been removed. 11. It is preferred that the person taping off the hazard area be involved with removing the tape. If this is not possible, every effort will be made to consult with that person before removing the tape. This will ensure the purpose for the tape is clear and the hazard has been mitigated. Page 51 of 85  MISSING OR TRAPPED FIREFIGHTERS PURPOSE To establish safe operating procedures for missing or trapped firefighters or other circumstances where firefighters are compromised in a hazardous area. PROCEDURE 1. Command Responsibilities A. If a company or individual firefighter cannot be located through a PAR, or any other time a firefighter is missing, a mayday message will be transmitted. B. Command will respond to a mayday by modifying the incident action plan to address both the firefighter rescue and firefighting operations. This plan must include: i. Commit the RIT (now becomes Firefighter Search Group) to the last known location of the missing crew(s). ii. Establish a defensible space.