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# Clinical Applications of Capnography ## (1 of 9) * **Endobronchial Intubation:** * CO2 concentration plotted against exhaled volume (volume-based capnography). VD (volume of anatomy dead space), VT (tidal volume), PETCO2 (partial pressure of end-tidal CO2), and PaCO2 (partial pressure of ar...

# Clinical Applications of Capnography ## (1 of 9) * **Endobronchial Intubation:** * CO2 concentration plotted against exhaled volume (volume-based capnography). VD (volume of anatomy dead space), VT (tidal volume), PETCO2 (partial pressure of end-tidal CO2), and PaCO2 (partial pressure of arterial CO2) are key parameters. * Bifid capnogram represents gas flow coming from the right and left lungs at different rates due to endobronchial intubation. A dashed line shows the expected pattern. **(Graph):** A graph displays PCO2 (likely carbon dioxide partial pressure) against time. A bifid (double-peaked) pattern is shown, demonstrating the flow from the right and left lungs separately. ## (2 of 9) * **Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR):** * Time-based capnography during cardiac arrest shows a low PETCO2, indicating a significant decrease in cardiac output and pulmonary perfusion. * Successful defibrillation or CPR (indicated by a downward arrow) results in ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation), indicated by a significant increase in PETCO2. **(Graph):** A graph displays PETCO2 (likely partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide) against time. A horizontal line represents the baseline PETCO2 value. A downward arrow at around 10 minutes indicates the time of defibrillation or CPR, and a subsequent rise in PETCO2 indicates ROSC. **FIGURE 7-3:** Bifid capnogram represents gas flow coming from right and left lungs at different rates as a result of endobronchial intubation (dashed line indicates expected pattern). **FIGURE 7-6:** Time-based capnography during cardiac arrest shows a low PETCO2, indicating a significant decrease in cardiac output and pulmonary perfusion. Successful defibrillation or CPR (downward arrow) results in ROSC indicated by a significant increase in the PETCO2.