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# M2 Which Competencies Do Mature Citizens Need? **1. Cognitive Competencies** Cognitive competence requires a certain level of knowledge and learning ability. Knowledge should be focused on the institutional structure of the political system, functional relationships within the system, and globa...

# M2 Which Competencies Do Mature Citizens Need? **1. Cognitive Competencies** Cognitive competence requires a certain level of knowledge and learning ability. Knowledge should be focused on the institutional structure of the political system, functional relationships within the system, and global political and economic dependencies. Citizens should also possess knowledge about the current political decisions to make informed decisions. **2. Procedural Competencies** Procedural competencies include the knowledge and skills needed to exercise political influence and participation effectively. Citizens need to understand administrative responsibilities and legal procedures. They should also have strategic abilities to achieve their own or recognized common goals. **3. Habitual Competencies** Habitual competencies are attitudes or, in traditional terms, virtues. These are the qualities that citizens exhibit to maintain the community. These qualities must be deeply rooted to motivate action. Modern democracies have high expectations of citizens and need their obedience to laws and willingness to defend the community from external threats. Democratic communities also require fairness and tolerance in matters of ideology. Active participation is expected, and it should be rational, responsible, and regular. Social welfare states also require a sense of social justice and solidarity.