UAE SST: Bronze Age & Iron Age PDF

**[UAE SST]** **[Lesson 2: The Bronze Age and Umm An-Nar]** - Around 5000 BCE -- People had a good diet, and were generally healthy - 4000 BCE -- the climate became drier, evidence from skeletons showed life became very tough - Indian Ocean Monsoon moved south -- area received...

**[UAE SST]** **[Lesson 2: The Bronze Age and Umm An-Nar]** - Around 5000 BCE -- People had a good diet, and were generally healthy - 4000 BCE -- the climate became drier, evidence from skeletons showed life became very tough - Indian Ocean Monsoon moved south -- area received less rain -- similar to todays UAE climate - Less rain - number of people living in the area declined - However, people still grew crops -- evidence from Hili in Al ain in 3000 BCE showed that they grew a variety of crops - Most important crop is the date palm -- provided food and materials for basket making - They also grew wheat and barley - They needed fresh water for these crops -- they dug wells to bring water from the ground -- poured water into channels that would move into the fields, they developed more efficient ways of obtaining water - At 3000 BCE -- the people gathered food in traditional ways -- gathered wild animals and fruit - Hunted animals such as oryx, gazelles and wild camels - Pastoral Nomads moved sheep and goats -- trading with villages like Hilli - 3000 BCE -- donkeys transported goods along the coast and at the edges of mountains. **Umm An-Nar and the Bronze Age** - Society in 2500 BCE was called the Umm An-Nar culture, they were: - Quite Unique - Had a sense of equality between people - Located near Abu Dhabi - 3000 BCE to 1200 BCE- Bronze age - Bronze -- Mixture of copper and other metals - The Al Hajar Mountain Range contained massive amounts of copper - Mesopotamia (Strongest empire at the time) traded with Umm An-Nar for copper - UAE and Oman -- "Megan Society" - Merchants bought beautiful ceramic vessels, ivory combs and decorated beads - Umm An-Nar flourished for 500 years (2500-2000 BCE) **[Lesson 3: Impact of the Falaj during the Iron Age]** - 4000 BCE -- UAE received less rain - The level of water underground dropped -- fresh water became difficult to get - Umm an-nar period -- they dug wells and were able to draw water with simple pulley devices - 1000 BCE -- Another slight reduction in rain - Water level underground dropped -- more difficult to reach - Coastal town of Muweilah in Sharjah: - Used new types of wells -- they tapped fresh water that laid above salty water - Inland springs dried up - Falaj was the solution -- it was an underground channel that carries fresh water from sources in mountains and springs to where it was needed -- had a significant impact - 1000 BCE -- there were new villages and towns in interior Al-Ain area and edges of Al Hajar Mountains. **Iron Age** - Sometimes called the 'Three Age Period' - Stone age (Up to 3000 BCE) - Bronze age (3000 -- 1200 BCE) - Iron age (1200 -- 100 BCE) - Iron replaced bronze for making tools and weapons -- iron was more durable - UAE area continued to use bronze more due to easy access to copper and technology to convert copper to bronze - Iron Age at around 1000 BCE -- UAE houses were made out of mudbrick - Iron Age -- food was mostly the same -- people ate sheep, goats and cattle -- hinted animals like gazelles and oryx - Obtained milk from domesticated animals - Sesame was cultivated -- used for oil and flour - Basil and other plants were grown and cultivated in the small gardens made possible with Falaj.