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# Chapter 2: Climate **Climate:** Study of a region's average weather over a period of time. It involves temperature, pressure, humidity, rainfall, cloud cover, and wind direction. **Climatology:** Studies long-term (years/centuries) climate variations across locations on Earth or the whole planet...

# Chapter 2: Climate **Climate:** Study of a region's average weather over a period of time. It involves temperature, pressure, humidity, rainfall, cloud cover, and wind direction. **Climatology:** Studies long-term (years/centuries) climate variations across locations on Earth or the whole planet. **Meteorology:** Involves the study of short-term (days/weeks) weather patterns and atmospheric phenomena. **Examples of weather forecasts:** Temperature, ice, sunny weather, floods, sunshine. **Examples of non-typical climates:** Autumn, tropical, glacial melt, polar, spring. **Average temperature calculation:** The average temperature on Earth is determined using data from instruments and satellite measurements, and is one of the indicators of climate change. **Other indicators:** Ocean levels, extent of polar/glacial ice are other indicators of climate change. **Climate variability:** Natural causes of variations in the Earth's climate, including the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. The rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is currently rapid compared to the past few thousand years.