Quantitative Research PDF

LESSON 1 Considerations for Selecting a Research Topic WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH? INTERESTING - resear...

LESSON 1 Considerations for Selecting a Research Topic WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH? INTERESTING - research topic gives motivation and is fascinating to the researchers - explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using CURRENT - research topic is somehow based on the current problems of the respondents mathematically based methods (Aliaga & Gunderson, 2021) SIGNIFICANCE - research topic is related to the needs of the target respondents and is considered related - collects and uses numerical data to explore, describe, explain, or predict phenomena in people’s daily lives - a research method that is used to generate numerical data by employing RELEVANCE - research topic provides solutions to the problems and is important to your statistical and mathematical techniques strand/specialization NOVELTY - research topic must not have been used by many researchers CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH MANAGEABILITY - research topic somehow determines the consideration for pursuing the study Systematic - follows a pre-determined series of steps FEASIBILITY - research topic can be justified within the given time frame Builds on the works of others - anchored on previous studies AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES -sources and respondents are available for the research topic Generalizable - findings should be applicable to people and setting other than those who participated in the study LESSON 3 Controlled - requires creating situations to minimize bias Chapters in Quantitative Research Empirically verifiable - involves numerical data that can be gathered through different methods of data collection 1. The Problem and Its Background 2. Review of Related Literature and Studies STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 3. Research Methodology It can be replicated or repeated in other contexts. 4. Presentation and Analysis of Data It has a low degree of subjectivity 5. Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations Responses of participants are strictly limited to what has been asked It cannot adequately provide in-depth information necessary for describing and explaining a complex CHAPTER 1: The Problem and Its Background - briefly describe the nature of the study and how the study phenomenon will contribute to different fields Parts: IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Background of the Study -the first few paragraphs must contain information of previous references giving EDUCATION - Quantitative research is used to assess the effectiveness of teaching methods used and understanding, background, or history of the current research problem. The last paragraph must provide different programs offered in schools universities the main objective/s or reasons of pursuing and conducting the study. Must be 3-5 pages BUSINESS – Quantitative research is used to improve marketing strategies 2. Theoretical Framework - indicates the proponent or basis of your research MEDICAL AND HEALTH ALLIED SCIENCES – Scientific investigations on healthcare procedures are 3. Conceptual Framework - outlines the possible course of actions throughout the study; visual presentation continuously conducted that shows the flow of data in the study; Input-Process-Output Model will be used SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Quantitative research is used to innovate new devices and systems to 4. Statement of the Problem - outlines the problems addressed by a study. All questions must start with improve the quality of life “WHAT” KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 5. Assumptions of the Study - describe the credibility of information, reference, or data that will Experimental Design - a researcher is able to manipulate the subjects to contain/support the study; assumptions are considered to be true, even though they have not been identify a cause-and-effect relationship scientifically proven Non-experimental Design - a study when a researcher cannot control, manipulate or alter the subject 6. Hypothesis of the Study - educated guess of the researchers about the findings of the study. o Descriptive - seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable; DOES NOT answer o Ha - alternative hypothesis meaning THERE IS a relationship or difference between the variables questions about how/why the characteristics occurred o Ho - null hypothesis meaning THERE IS NO relationship or difference between the variables o Correlation - investigates the possibility of relationships between two or more variables; sometimes 7. Significance of the Study - elaborates the beneficiaries of the research and their benefits. Bullet list of referred to as a form of descriptive research; associational research beneficiaries from specific to general Variable - refers to the measurable characteristics, qualities, traits, or attributes of a particular individual, 8. Scope and Delimitation -contains the aspects of the study that is to be discussed and not to be discussed object or situation being studied 9. Definition of Terms - alphabetical list of important terms or acronyms that is being defined CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES o Conceptual - meaning from dictionaries, books, or study NUMERIC - variables with values describing a number or quantity that can be measured and answers the o Operational - meaning is based on how it is used in the study questions “how many” or “how much” o DISCRETE - data is counted, can take only integer value, never include fractions or decimals o CONTINUOUS - Data is measured, can take values including fractions or decimals CATEGORICAL - variables with values describing a characteristic or quality which answers the questions “what type” or “which category”. o NOMINAL - variables are used to classify or categorize o ORDINAL - variables are used to indicate rank or order o DICHOTOMOUS - variables that represent two categories EXPERIMENTAL o INDEPENDENT - variable manipulated in an experiment and causes the change/s to the other variable o DEPENDENT - variable affected by the manipulation of the independent variable o EXTRANEOUS - variables already existing in the experiment that could affect the results of the study NON-EXPERIMENTAL o PREDICTOR - variables that change the other variables in the study o CRITERION - variables are usually influenced by the predictor variable LESSON 2 Research Title - According to the University of Southern California (2023), a good title contains the fewest possible words needed to adequately describe the content of your research paper A research title should: ✓ summarize the main idea of the paper; ✓ include the major variables; ✓ show the main task of the research in the study; ✓ mention the specific respondents and/or setting Sources of Research Problem Personal or Professional Experience Theory Literature & Media