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# 2- The B complex vitamins ## 1-Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) **Active form:** Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) * **Function:** * TPP acts as a co-enzyme in oxidative decarboxylation reactions in carbohydrate metabolism. * Very important in nerve conduction. * **Thiamine deficiency (Beriberi):**...

# 2- The B complex vitamins ## 1-Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) **Active form:** Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) * **Function:** * TPP acts as a co-enzyme in oxidative decarboxylation reactions in carbohydrate metabolism. * Very important in nerve conduction. * **Thiamine deficiency (Beriberi):** * Decreased TPP leads to: * Impaired carbohydrate metabolism * Decreased energy production * Impaired cellular function, especially in the nervous system. * **Types:** * **Dry Beriberi:** Peripheral neuritis, indigestion, constipation, muscle wasting, and hyperesthesia. * **Wet Beriberi:** Edema, heart failure. ## 2-Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) **Active forms:** Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) * **Function:** * FMN and FAD act as co-enzymes in oxidation-reduction reactions, carrying hydrogen in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. ## Riboflavin deficiency * **Not fatal:** Characterized by: * Ocular disturbance * Cheilosis * Glossitis * Dermatitis * **Symptoms:** * Photophobia * Vascularization of the cornea * Fissuring at mouth corners * Inflammation of the tongue: smooth and purplish * At nasolabial region