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# Societal Impact During the Crusades ## Treatment of Jews and Muslims * Jews faced persecution, discrimination, and violence during the Crusades. * Muslims in Europe also experienced violence and forced conversions. ## The Holy Roman Empire * Named to reflect Frederick I Barbarossa's ambition...

# Societal Impact During the Crusades ## Treatment of Jews and Muslims * Jews faced persecution, discrimination, and violence during the Crusades. * Muslims in Europe also experienced violence and forced conversions. ## The Holy Roman Empire * Named to reflect Frederick I Barbarossa's ambition to dominate Italy and the Papacy. * Central Europe was characterized by a complex political structure involving various kingdoms. ## Additional Crusades and Their Outcomes ### Third Crusade * Took place from 1189 to 1192, led by King Richard the Lionhearted. * Aimed to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin but ultimately failed. ### Fourth Crusade * Occurred from 1202 to 1204, diverted to Constantinople. * Failed to recapture Jerusalem and caused significant damage to the Byzantine Empire.