What is Music? Musical instruments, composers PDF

10:42 WHATIS MUSIC? Music the organization of beautiful sounds that is express ideas and emnotions. Like other genres of art, music is universal. It is found in all cultures. Music is relative. Music has personal and soc...

10:42 WHATIS MUSIC? Music the organization of beautiful sounds that is express ideas and emnotions. Like other genres of art, music is universal. It is found in all cultures. Music is relative. Music has personal and socialvalue. Music has therapeutic value. In hospitals and sanitariums, music is played to soothe the nerves of the patients. Music helps in preserving culture, Myths, Legends, fOlk tales customs, and traditions are preserved through S. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC 1. Melody - The rising and falling of tunein time. Melody carries the theme of the music. 2. Harmnony- The sounding or playing of twoor more notes in time. 3. Rhythm The regular or irregular pattern of tune marked off by a loud and soft beat in time. 4. Pitch - Refers to the exact notes and sound located on the musical staff. 5. Dynamics - Refers to the softness or loudness of sound. 6. Timbre The quality of sound whether produced by the human voice or by - an instrument. Some have high and shrill-sounding voices while others are low or mellow. COMPONENTS OF MUSIC 1. STAFF Staff is composed of five horizontal lines where the notes and other symbols of music are placed. In a musical piece, there are two sets of staff. One set is on the upper part and the other is below. The upper staff carries the notes for the soprano or first voice or melody and the alto, while the lower staff carries the notes of the tenor and the bass. The Staff 2. CLEF The clef is the symbol that is placed at the left ledge of each staff which definesa reference from which all the other notes on the staff are computed. G CLEF It looks like a big number eight which covers the five lines of the 10:42 2. CLEF Slide 4 of 48 The clef is the symbolthat is placed at the left ledge of cach staff which defines a reference from which all the other notes on the staff are computed. G CLEF It looks like a big number eight which covers the five lines of the staff. F CLEF It is the "bass clef". The symbol of often called the F clef likened a large inverted letterC followed is to by a colon close to the left ledge of the staff. The symbol covers from the second line of the staff to the fifth line above. C CLEF It looks like a big number 3 with a thick vertical line on the ledge. 3. Key Signature These are assigned to reduce the number of sharps and flats otherwise required. Sharp It indicates that the note has to be played or sung one step higher. Flat b' - It indicates that the note is to be played or sung one step lower. 4. Notes The smallest unit of mnusic. 5. Beat The beat stands for the regular recurring pulse, which moves the music forward. The beat makes you feel like tapping with your foot or ingers. 6. Measure The measure is represented by a series of vertical bars along the staff which divides the assigned number of notes. Standard Double End Begin End Begin and Repeat Repeat End Repeat 7. Time Signature 10:42 6. Measure The measure is represented by a series of vertical ba Slide 8 of 48 staff which divides the assigned number of notes. Standard Double End Begin End Repeat Repeat End Repeat 7. Time Signature The Time Signaturecomposed of two numbers written on the is staff imnmediately the key signature of the first line of the following music and at any point where the composer wants to change the time signature (3/4, 4/4). The lower number indicates the base unit of neasurement. 8. Rest A time in music where and when the voice is silenced. whole rest half e st quarter rest eighth rest sixteenth rest thirtyse cond rest 9. Tempo sixty-fourth rest Marks the movementwhether to play slow or fast. Largo Very slow - Grave Very slow and solemn - Adagio - Slow Andante- Moderately slow Allegro - Fast Allegretto - Very fast 10. Fermata Fermata means to hold or sustain the note depending on the conductor or the singer. J= 120 11. Dynamics Define the intensity or volume of the sound. Forte () - Strong Fortissimo (f) - Very strong Piano (p) – Soft Pianissimo (pp) - Very soft Crescendo - Increasingly sound 10:43 11. Dynamics Define the intensity or volume of the slide 10 of 48 Forte ()- Strong Fortissimo (ff) - Very strong Piano (p) - Soft Pianissimo (pp) - Very soft Crescendo - Increasinglysound Decrescendo - From loud to becoming soft 12. Melisma A succession of different notes sung upon a single syllable, as found in plainsong or, now especially, in ornamental phrases of Near Eastern and Asian Music. 13. Ledger Note A small horizontal line placed on the note extends below or above the five lines of the staff. HISTORY OF MUSIC Music is present in all cultures. Music has been existent for at least 50,000 years and the first music must have been in Africa which developed as a fundamental element of human life. Music must have developed against the background of natural sounds, such as birds and sounds of animals, raindrops storms, lightning,thunder, and waterfalls. Scientists have discovered musical instruments made from bones, wood, and shells. From Samaveda, India was found cuneiform indicating a musical instrument believed to be 4,000 years old. The traditional music of China dates way back to about 3,000 years ago. Music was inportant to the social and cultural way of life among the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Music is associated with religious rituals as well as the merriment of people as they celebrateimportant events in life. PLAINSONG OR PLAINCHANT (500-800 AD) It originated from the prayer of the priests and the answVer of the 10:43 Slide 13 of 48 PLAINSONG OR PLAINCHANT (500-800 AD) It originated from the prayer of the priests and the answer of the congregation. It is simple music indicating one or two steps up or a step down. Today plainsongs are sung during high mass. PARALLEL ORGANUM (900-1400 AD) During the Gothic period, polyphony (two voices) was introduced. In the Gothic cathedral, the monks sang the notes one octave lower, while small boys sang the notes one octave higher. One problem was how to preserve the angelic voice of the boys who upon reaching little the age of puberty, the boys develop the thicker and lower voice. The problem was solved by castrating the boys. Indeed the castrated boys had preserved their angelic voices and somehow maintained the falsetto voice. ortunately enough the inhuman practice was stopped. It was found that a third parallel line could be sung between the man and the boys creatinga polyphonic effect. Later mnore line parallel notes were added producing rich, beautiful harmonic music. RENAISSANCE MUSIC (1400-1600) Madrigal Songs: During the Renaissance period, friends after a day's work gathered to sing songs about love, trials, triumphs, and joy. They accompanied themselves with simpler musical instruments like the lute or the guitara Mursicana. Camerata Singers: Later in the Renaissance time, music became elaborate and challenging. The musical pieces became a test of skill only to be performed by experts and professionals. The singers were called Camerata singers who performed in chamber halls which were relatively bigger than the private homes of friends. Opera: By now music has become a full-blown production. Drama, dance, colorful costumes, elaborate stage sets, makeup, and special lighting were now incorporated to produce a fantastic Show Masks and props were also employed the Italians took the lead in the opera scene. Other countries also followed. BAROQUEMUSIC (1600-1750) Baroque music followed by Baroque style. Musical composition became long and grand. It shows rich ornamentation, and strong contrast, and is very dramatic. The chrch was the number one patron of music. My favorite musical instrument was the pipe organ. It has been said that there are 3 B's in the musical world: Johannes Brahms, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Baroque music like visual art also is characterized by grandness and vastness in scope. Canatals and oratorios were 10:43 BAROQUE MUSIC (1600,1750) Slide 16 of 48 Baroque music followed by Baroqu composition became long and grand. It shows rich ornamentation, and strong contrast, and is very dramatic. The church was the number one patron of music. My favorite musical instrument was the pipe organ. It has been said that there are 3 B's in the musical world: Johannes Brahms, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Baroque music like visual art also is characterized by grandness and vast in scope. Canatals and oratorios were and embellished with ornamental long, dramatic, passages. George Frederick composed his immortal "Messiah". Handel Handel was German. He was asked by the king of England to play his "Messiah". When "Hallelujah" which is the climax of the cantata was sung. The king of England stood up to recognize the talent of Handel and was in awe of God's gift of music. Today, "Hallelujah" is performed live, and the audience is requested or expected to stand. SONATA ALLEGRO (CLASSICAL MUSIC) (ROCOCO PERIOD 1750-1800) Sonata Allegro is a long composittonal music a voice or instrument solo with ccompanig It maintains a three-part formula which makes classical. Since it the 18h century until now, people have loved classical music. Tuo equally great Austrian composers were: Franz Joseph Hayden (1732-1800) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 1791). Other famous composers were Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827), Franz Peter Schubert (1 797-1828), and Johannes Brahms ( 1833-1897). Beethoven composed 9 great symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, concertos, quartets. He became deaf in his later years. However, he continued to compose music because he knew his music academically. Schubert was called the musician of friendship. He died at the age of 31. FORMULA OF THE SONATA ALLEGRO I. EXPOSITION - It introduces the theme, which is expressed in the main melody. II. DEVELOPMENT- In the play or drama, the characters interplay with each other making the story complicated and interesting. III. RECAPITULATION remind the listeners thes - of The are played experiences again played to in the development. The Sonata Allegro has a universal appeal. It appeals to the young as well as to the old. The exposition the intellect. One must remember theme res stimulates the or themes.The development the emotions of the At to romantics, the has appeal to the young people or to the feet. Listeners cannot help but feel like tapping, clapping, or stamping their feet as the music builds to a dramatic climax and ends with an exciting soda. ART SONGS,BELLA CANTO, LIEDER AND KUNDIMAN (ROMANTIC PERIOD 1800-1890) In the too-formal sonata allegro of the previous period, composers began to write songs as they felt in their hearts. The greatest romantic composer was Frederic Francois Chopin. He died of unrequited love and consumption of tuberculosis at Forty. Another great composer pianist was Franz Liszt 10:43 48 ART SONGS,BELLA CANT Slide 19 of AND KUNDIMAN (ROMANTIC PERIOD 1800-1890) In the too-formal sonata allegro of the previous period, composers began to write songs as they felt in their hearts. The greatest romantic composer was rederic Francois Chopin. He died of unrequited love and consumption of tuberculosis at Forty. Anotn great composer pianist was Franz Liszt (1811-1886). was a piano virtuoso, intelligent, ent. dashing, and handsome man. A dozen of women followed him wherever he was to perform. In the end, Liszt retired to a monastery to composea hymn. Bella Canto, lieder, and our very own kundiman are examples of art songs. MEDIA OF MUSIC 1.Human Vocal Medium - The voice is the oldest and most popular instrument. 2. Musical Instrument Musical Instruments are anything that produces sound caused by the vibration of bowing, plucking striking, and blowing. CLASSIFICATION OF VOICE 1. Soprano -Highest female voice Coloratura Soprano is the highest of all voices. - b. Lyrical Soprano - Voice less high and flute is -like. Dramatic Soprano -Voice is high but heavier and conveys deep emotion. d MezzoSoprano -Voice is between soprano and contra-alto. 2. Contra Alto or Alto - Voice is rich in quality and low. 3. Tenor - It is the highest in men's voice. Lyrical Tenor - Voice high and suited for sweet and melodious songs. is b. Dramatic Tenor - Similar to dramatic soprano voice is heavier and suited for expressing deep and intense emotion. 4. Baritone - Voice is betveen tenor and bass. 5. Bass - Voice has the lowest in men's pitch Basso Profundo, Very low, Very deep, and very heavy in men's pitch. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSIC Primitive Music Sang or performed with instruments by primitive people. Folk Music Sang by common folk people. There is no composer. Example are ballads which tells about1lifegeneral. These songs are handed from generation to generation. Madrigals Informal gathering of friends in their homes and they sang secular songs for their enjoyment. Tertulla These were informal gathering of friends in they gave musical and literati performances. Camerata These were more formal gathering of people who are lovers of music. However, the musical pieces are complicated and they are designed to test the skills of performers. Camerata songs are performed not by common folks but by the art afficionados and  10:43 CLASSIFICATION OF MUSIC primitive ne Slide 22 of 48 Primitive Musie performed withinstruments by Sang or Follk Musie Sang by common folk people. There is no composer. Example are ballads which tells about lifegeneral. These songs are handed from generation to generation. Madrigals Informal gathering of friends in their homes and they sang secular songs for their enjoyment. Tertulla These were informal gathering of friends in they gave musical and literati performances. Camerata These were more formal gathering of people who are lovers of music. However, the musical pieces are complicated and they are designed to test the skills of performers. Camerata songs are performed not by common folks but by the art afficionados and the literati. Classical Musie A long musical composition featuringa vocal or musical instrument accompanied by a piano, ensemble or by orchestra. Art Song Formally composed love songs which maybe inspired by folk songs popularized during the romantic period. Sometimes there are no lyrics or words but just plain flowing of strong emotion. In Italy and Spain these are known as "bella canto" and in Germany they are called lieder. In the Philippines art songs are known as "kundiman" Pop Song These are popular songs in our modern timnes. Jazz Music In America, jazz music evolved from the of i slaves. Accompanied by improvised int sch a the "haniatongs Negonts ents discar carded by the s instrunm war soldiers, Jazz music uses a double time es Blues As the negros toil in the noonday heat and go to their imnpoverished abode they sing away their pains and frustrations. Blues are sung in the minor key. has a sad or It melancholic tone. Rock Music Popularized in the late 50's, it has capture the ears of the young people, characterized by loud volume sometimes vulgar in its language. The musicians play frenzied drumming to the loud blaring bass guitar and the innovative synthesizer, alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged in the 1980's and became widely popular in the 1990s. Alternative rock consists of various subgenres that have emerged from the independent music scene since the 1980 such as grunge, Britpop, gothic rock, and indie pop. Atonal-Aleatoric Tonal system known as atonalism and the twelve-tone were popular with composers Music in the mid-seventies but were not accepted by the public. It has an off tone quality. Aleatoric music is the music of chance. With the invention of tape recorder and other gadget the computers these gadget could produce sounds and they are used by composers to create new sounds called Alleat music. Metallic Music Music produced by all metallic instruments, electric guitar, electric organ, synthesizer are all emploved. STRATEGICAL BLOCKING OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE ORCHESTRA triangte symbals Kyiephene castanets nare drum tubular bells corne tromtbones gog trumeets srmpan Piano Dos rinet cta harps eiccotel deubie basses first conductors podiun woodwind family brass family percussion instruments viotin famity STRATEGICALBLOCKINGOF MUSICALINSTRUMENTSOF THE ORCHESTRA Nearest the conductor is the string group with the piano. The harp ispositioned above the string group on the upper left of the conductor. On the next row, at the front of the  10:43 STRATEGICAL BLOCKIN Slide 25 of 48 MUSICALINSTRUMENTS Cr TI ORCHESTRA Nearest the conductor is the string group with the piano. The harp is positioned above the string group on the upper left of the conductor. On the next row, at the front of the conductor, are the woodwind instruments. Behind the woodwind instruments are the brass and the percussions with the tympanic. The drums are placed on the last row at the upper right of the conductor. THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT Musical Instrument is the second medium of music. Itcould be anything that can produce sound throu the vibration produced by blowing, bowing, strumming or striking. Levi Celerio A prolific lyricist-composer and a National Artist in music tells a story how he was arrested by the feared "kimpitai" on suspicion of being a "guerilla". Celerio said he was not a "guerilla" but a musician. THE ORCHESTRA An orchestra is a group of musical instruments that may be composed of eight, sixteen, forty, or a hundred. The orchestra is divided into four groups or sections: String The Brass The Wood Wind Instruments The Percussion Instruments STRING is composed by bowed instruments. It is generally played by bowing the strings with a bow provided with horse It hair and can be played by plucking producing a (staccato) short, crisp and mnuted sound. it Instrument Classification VIOLIN Highest member of the string section of the orchestra. is admired for fine timber It its quality. It is capable of a dramatic and brillianttone. It can be played to a wide range of tones can be prolonged indefinitely and can produce loud volume or can be played very soft and extremely very fast. VIOLA A larger than violin.Its strings are longer, thicker and heavier. It has a lower range little 10:43 STRING is composed by bowed instruments. It is generally played by bowing the strings with a bow provided with horse It hair and it can be played by plucking producing a (staccato) short, crisp and muted sound. Instrument Classifieation VIOLIN Highest member of the string section of the orchestra. It is admired for fine timber its quality. It is capable of a dramatic and brillianttone. It can be played to a wide range of tones can be prolonged indefinitely and can produce loud volume or can be played very soft and extremely very fast. VIOLA A larger than violin.Its strings are longer, thicker and heavier. It has a lower range little and can produce particularly passionate melodies. it CELLO It is much larger than the viola. The strings are shorter and heavier. has a pointed end at It its base which is placed on the floor. Itis then placed in between the legs and its bowed iust about the mnid section of the plaver who is seated, It can produce a seductive sound, It is the foundation of harmony and is compared to the tenor in choral singing. it BASS OR DOUBLE It is considered as the father of the string instrument. It can be bowed or plucked. is It BASS played by standing Viola SViolin String Instruments Double Cello Bass The Brass This are played by placing the mouth piece on the directly on the lips and blown to produce a sound. Instrument Classification Trumpet The ancient instrument. Played horizontallyseries of valve on top of the instrument which are opened and closed in various combinations to create different pitches. Bugle a trumpet and coronet but It is like has no valve. The pitches are it produced by the position of the lips and the control of wind blown through the mouth piece called the cup. Cornet A brass instrument which belong to trumpet family. It consists of long loop tube, a feet long. It is playedin bands and orchestra. French Horn Originated from the use of animal horn. It is a complicated using a tube, rounded into a compact shape ending in a conical bell. It is operated through a series valve. It is blown through the cup, carried under the arm while the bell face the back of the player:. Trombone It is extended into an elliptical shape ending in a conical bell. is It operated by slide which control the sound. Tuba represents the alto in the orchestra. It Bass a giant is like snail. The player place his head in the circular hallow of It the instrument, slinging one side on his shoulder while the other side placed under his other arm. Trumpet Tuba Brass Instruments Bass Bugle Erench Horn Cornet 10:43 Trumpet Tuba Brass Instruments Bass Bugle French Horn Cornet Trombone The Wood Wind Instruments They are made of wood, metal, plastic or some combination. They are all basically narrow cylinders or pipes, with holes, an opening at the bottom end and a mouthpiece at the top. It can be palyed by blowing air through the mnouthpiece (that's the "wind" in "woodwind") and opening or closing the holes with your fingers to change the pitch. Metal caps called keys cover the holes of most woodwind instruments. Instrument Classification Flute is plaved l horizontally the A silver-plated nstrument. just under It lower line passes an aperture at one end of the instrument. r air e Clarinet Like the oboe usually made from wood. It is played vertically and held in the mouth which has a double reed which when activated vibrates against a removable mouth piece. Bass Clarinet It is a little longer than the clarinet.. The body is also bigger and sounds heavier and lower than the clarinet. Oboe A narrow-bored instrument which can be trace way back to the middle ages, it is +d beld vertically and means placing the end bf reed in activated and blown under high pressure so as ooh Postton double reed in the mouth, to force air etween the two bound reeds, causing them to vibrate. Piccolo A wood wind instrument that is one octave higher than the flute. Bassoon A wood wind instrument, the tenor of the oboe family. Wood Wind Instruments Bass Clarinet Piccolo Flute Clarinet Oboe Basson The Percussion Instrument It provides the beat in music. It makes the music alive like breathing in breathing out. It guides the rhythm and leads. The tempo of music. The sound maybe soft rhythmic thumping, hissing, rattling or a big bang. Instrument Classification Drums It has a hollow rounded body, It iscovered with stretched dried animal hide Tympan Tt has a laroe kettle 1ilke body The tune can be adiuusted by tiohtenino the 10:43 Slide 35 of 48 The Percussion Instrument It provides the beat in music. It makesthe music alive like breathing in breathing out. It guides the rhythm and leads. The tempo of music. The sound maybe soft rhythmic thumping, hissing, rattling or a big bang. Instrument Classification Drums has a hollow rounded body. It iscovered with stretched dried animal It hide Tympani It has a large kettle like body. The tune can be adjusted by tightening the stretched cover. Piano It is basically a string instrument is classified under the percussions because isoperated by striking the keyboards. it Xylophone Triangle Snare Claves Drum The Percussion Tambourine Instruments Cymbals Maracas Bass Timpani Drum Piano PHILIPPINE MUSIC Philippine Music is a tapestry of melodies of different regions at different times/ The music of Filipinos has been influenced by near and far neighboring countries. From Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China, Spain, and America, the vestiges of influence can be traced to the use of musical instruments. It projects the soul of our fellowmen as they express their joys, sorrows, longings, aspirations as well as their challenges and frustrations. In Southern Mindanao we have the gongs, kulintangan, gabang, and the dambas. These instruments are traced their origin in Indonesia and Malaysia. 10:43 In Southern Mindanao we have the gongs, kulintangan, gabang, and the dambas. These instruments are traced their origin in Indonesia and Malaysia. Among the lowland Christians in the Visayas, Southern, and Central Luzon, the music bears the testimnony of the three hundred years of colonization under Spain. The Spaniards introduced the Spanish guitar. The Filipinos were quick to adopt the instrument and developed their version. The Rondalla is a group of string instrunents. The rondalla is a favorite musical ensemble in school, government,and civic activities. Kundimans are carefully composed art songs like the Bella Cantos of Spain and Italy and Lieder of Germany. The Kundimans were written in the late 18th and early 19th century but continue to be admitted until now. 7he Legendany Ruben Tagalog Many famous Filipino composers emerged in this period in the 19th and 20h centuries. They have been honored with the highest award, "National Artist" for their exceptional talent and endeavor to raise the musical aesthetic value of Filipinos. Name Year Composition/ Works Antonino Buenaventura 1988 "Triumphal March," "Echoes of the Past," "HistoryFantasy" Atang de la Ramna 1987 "Anak ni Eba", "Aking Ina", and "Puri at Buhay". Felipe Padilla de Leon 1997 "Mariang Makiling Overture (1939) "Roca Encantada", "Maynila ", Overture (1976), "Orchesterstuk (1981) Jovita Fuentes 1976"Av Kalisud" Kung Hindi Man" "Kundiman ne Luba" and "Mutva 10:44 Many famous Filipino composers emerged in this period in the 19th and 20th centuries. They have been honored with the highest award, "National Artist" for their exceptional talent and teei endeavor to raise the musical aesthetic value of Filipinos. Name Year Composition/Works Antonino Buenaventura 1988 Triumphal March," "Echoes of the Past," "HistoryFantasy" Atang de la Rama 1987 "Anak ni Eba", "Aking Ina", and "Puri at Buhay". Felipe Padilla de Leon 1997 "Mariang Makiling Overture (1939) "Roca Encantada", "Maynila ", Overture (1976) "Orchesterstuk (1981) ", Jovita Fuentes 1976 "Ay Kalisud", "Kung Hindi Man", "Kundiman ng Luha", and "Mutya g Pasig" Luereeia R. Kalisag 1987 "Love Songs," "Legend of the Sarimanok," "Ang Pamana," "Philippine Scenes,"n "Her Son," "Jose," "Sisa," Jose M, Maceda 1997 "Pagsamba" (1968), a music for Catholic mass held in a round church, "Cassettes 100" (1971) and "Ugnayan" (1974) Antonio J. Molina 1973 "Hatinggabi","Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass", "Ang Batingaw", "Kundiman- Kundangan" Lucio San Pedro 1991 "Sa Ugoy ng Duyan" and "Lahing Kayumanggi" Lea Salonga Pilita Corales Regine Velasquez Dulce Ivy Violan UP Madrigal Atenco Lyceum Chorale Singers Chorale The Loboc Children'sChoir the Philippines UST Singing Ambassadors The Loboc Children Choir OTHER MUSICAL GROUPS MARCHING An instrument ensemble hich may be small or large. It BAN popular for outdoor performances and a favorite inparades and funerals. is also used as concert ensemble. It MIXED Large group which feature voice and instruments ENSEMBLE performance including Operas, Cantatas, and Mass. CHAMBER Calls for a new performers thus, requiring one player for ENSEMBLE each section. E.g. sonatas, string quartet, duos, trios, eaintet sndAthoe 10:44 OTHER MUSICAL GROUPS MARCHING An instrument ensemble which may be small or large. It BAND composes mainly wind and percussive instrument. is It popular for outdoor performances and a favorite in parades and funerals. It is also used as concert ensemble MIXED Large group which feature voice and instruments ENSEMBLE performance inchuding Operas, Cantatas, and Mass. CHAMBER Calls for a new performers thus, requiring one player for ENSEMBLE each section. E.g. sonatas, string quartet, duos, trios, quintet and others. HARANA A way of expressing the affection of a gentleman to a lady. It was common for an eligible to invite some friends and serenade a lady. It was also a sign ofwelcome for a girl who arrived in town. In the Cordilleras, the haunting exotic sounds of the ganzas (lat bronze or iron gongs) prevail. The different textures and fine timber of the gongs compensate for the lack of melody. However, the ommon folk sing the beautiful melody and produce incidental armony at times. The kubing, (bamboo mouth zither) nose flute nd clappers are incorporated into their indigenous ensemble. Kabing NUMBER OF BEATS POSITION (TIME SIGNATURE) /4 3/4 4/4 6/8 A double bar is used to A passage or section of music mark the end of a composition or between the signs is to be repeated. an important part of it. Section Repeat Signs Begining End Repeated Seion Repeated Section 10:44 Cn ifallall nd clappers are incorporated into their indigenous ensemnble. Slide 45 of 48 Kabing NUMBER OF BEATSPOSITION (TIME SIGNATURE) /4 8/4 4/4 6/8 A double bar is used to A passage or section of music mark the end of a composition or between the signs is to be repeated. an important part of it. Setion Repeat Sins Begining End Repealed Secion Repeated Section THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!