Book of Shadows PDF

Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows, or BOS, is used to store information you gather on your magikal journey. A BOS can be handwritten or digitally stored, the coven BOS is a series of digitally stored documents, printed and kept in a group book. The BOS is considered a sacr...

Book of Shadows A Book of Shadows, or BOS, is used to store information you gather on your magikal journey. A BOS can be handwritten or digitally stored, the coven BOS is a series of digitally stored documents, printed and kept in a group book. The BOS is considered a sacred tool, which means it is an item of power that should be consecrated with all of your other magical tools. In many traditions, it is believed you should copy spells and rituals into your BOS by hand; this not only transfers energy to the writer, but it also helps you to memorise the contents. Make sure you write legibly enough that you’ll be able to read your notes during a ritual. A Bit of History As with all spiritual texts, there is large debate about where and how magikal grimoires came into use. Some say they were prevalent during the Middle Ages, written only in Runic alphabets to hide their magikal meanings. Some say the witches during the Middle Ages were illiterate and the books did not come into practice until the 14th or 15th centuries. Even then, Runic alphabets were used to protect the owner from persecution and death if it were found by a witch hunter. Regardless of where they started, they've had just as many varying names. The Golden Grimoire is one of the more famous mythological versions of a magikal book. It's said to be the Book of Shadows of Merlin the Magician. The Great Grimoire is another legendary book, reportedly it contains the spells and incantations of the world's first witch, who received this magikal information from Lucifer (the Angel, not the devil). The Great Grimoire supposedly contained all the secret information about God, including his name of creation. When this name is said backwards, the world becomes undone. Riding the universe of the creature called man and returning the heavens to the Archangels. Unfortunately, many educated scholars believe this legend to be a creation of the Catholic Church during the early 12th century. A mythological tale designed to cast doom and gloom upon those who practiced paganism during that time in history. The "Book of Light and Shadows" is a term that found popular use during the mid-to-late 1800s in Europe. Just about the same time Alester Crowley began to publicise his many works on the Craft. This title is meant to reflect the spiritual information contained within, as well as the spells and rituals that are performed at night beneath the moon. "Grimoire" became a popular label for these personal books during the Victorian era. Many a young woman could be found resting in a park, or flower garden writing thoughts, poems and wishes inside a diary. Upon closer review, you might also find remedies passed down from grand mother to child for various ailments. Elixirs and salves for poison ivy, fevers, and more serious ailments such as heart problems or arthritis were often shared amongst family members as well as within tight knit communities. It is from these family recipes and remedies that the term "Kitchen Witch" sprang. Today the most common label for these personal diaries is a "Book of Shadows", presumably containing spiritual information and energy that is kept hidden until a witch opens the book and springs forth the words into the light. It doesn't matter what you chose to call your personal magikal diary. It's just important that you start keeping a record of your research, experiences and magikal information. -1- Organising Your BOS To make your Book of Shadows, begin with a blank notebook. A popular method is to use a three-ring binder so items can be added and rearranged as needed. If you use this style of BOS, you can use sheet protectors as well, which is great for preventing candle wax and other ritual drippings from getting on the pages. Whatever you select, your title page should include your name. Make it fancy or simple, depending on your preference, but remember that the BOS is a magical object and should be treated accordingly. Many witches simply write “The Book of Shadows of [your name]” on the front page. What format should you use? Some witches are known to create elaborate Books of Shadows in secret, magical alphabets. Unless you’re fluent enough in one of these systems that you can read it without having to check notes or a chart, stick with your native language. While a spell looks beautiful written out in flowing Elvish script or Theban lettering, the fact is that it’s just hard to read unless you are fluent in the lettering. The biggest dilemma with any Book of Shadows is how to keep it organised. You can use tabbed dividers, create an index or a table of contents. As you study and learn more, you’ll have more information to include, which is why the three-ring binder is such a practical idea. Some people choose instead to use a simple bound notebook, and just add to the back of it as they discover new items. If you find a rite, spell, or piece of information somewhere else, be sure to note down the source. It will help you keep things straight in the future, and you'll start to recognise patterns in authors' works. You may also want to add a section that includes books you've read, as well as what you thought of them. This way, when you get a chance to share information with others, you'll remember what you've read. Keep in mind that as our technology is constantly changing, the way we use it does too. There are plenty of people who keep their BOS completely digitally on a flash drive, their laptop, or even stored virtually to be accessed by their favourite mobile device. A BOS pulled up on a smartphone is no less valid than one copied by hand in ink onto parchment. You may want to use one notebook for information copied from books or downloaded off the Internet, and another for original creations. Regardless, find the method that works best for you, and take good care of your Book of Shadows. What could be include in your Book of Shadows? When it comes to the contents of your personal BOS, there are a few sections that are nearly universally included. Laws of Your Coven or Tradition It’s a really good idea to keep the rules at the front of your BOS as a reminder of what constitutes acceptable behaviour and what doesn’t. If you’re part of an eclectic tradition that doesn’t have written rules, or if you’re a solitary witch, this is a good place to write down what you think are acceptable rules of magic. After all, if you don’t set yourself some guidelines, how will you know when you’ve crossed over them? A Dedication If you’ve been initiated into a coven, you may want to include a copy of your Oath. However, many Wiccans dedicate themselves to a God or Goddess long before they become part of a coven. This is a good place to write out who you are dedicating yourself to, and why. This can be a lengthy essay, or it can be as simple as saying, “I, Willow, dedicate myself to the Goddess today,.” Gods and Goddesses Depending on what pantheon or tradition you follow, you may have a single God and Goddess, or a number of them. Your BOS is a good place to keep legends and myths and even artwork concerning your Deity. If your practice is an eclectic blend of different spiritual paths, it’s a good idea to include that here. -2- Correspondence Tables When it comes to spellcasting, correspondence tables are some of your most important tools. Phases of the moon, herbs, crystals, and colours, all have different meanings and purposes. Keeping a chart of some sort in your BOS guarantees that this information will be at the ready when you really need it. If you have access to a good almanac, it’s not a bad idea to record a years’ worth of moon phases by date in your BOS. Also, put together a section in your BOS for herbs and their uses. Ask any experienced Pagan or Wiccan about a specific herb, and chances are good that they’ll expound on not only the magical uses of the plant but also the healing properties and history of use. Herbalism is often considered the core of spellcasting because plants are an ingredient that people have used for literally thousands of years. Sabbats, Esbats, and Other Rituals The Wheel of the Year includes eight holidays for most Wiccans and Pagans, although some traditions do not celebrate all of them. Your BOS can include rituals for each of the Sabbats. For example, for Samhain, you may wish to create a rite that honours your ancestors and celebrates the end of the harvest, while for Yule you may want to write down a celebration of the Winter Solstice. A Sabbat celebration can be as simple or complex as you wish. If you’ll be celebrating each full moon, you’ll want to include an Esbat rite in your BOS. You can use the same one each month, or create several different ones tailored to the time of year. You may also wish to include sections on how to cast a circle and Drawing Down the Moon, a rite that celebrates the invoking of the Goddess at the time of the full moon. If you’ll be doing any rites for healing, prosperity, protection, or other purposes, be sure to include them here. Divination If you’re learning about tarot, scrying, astrology, or any other form of divination, keep information in here. When you experiment with new methods of divination, keep a record of what you do and the results you see in your Book of Shadows. Sacred Texts While it’s fun to have a bunch of new shiny books on Wicca and Paganism to read, sometimes it’s just as nice to have information that’s a little more established. If there is a certain text that appeals to you, such as The Charge of the Goddess, an old prayer in an archaic language, or a particular chant that moves you, include it in your Book of Shadows. Magical Recipes There’s a lot to be said for “kitchen witchery,” because for many people, the kitchen is the centre of hearth and home. As you collect recipes for oils, incense, or herb blends, keep them in your BOS. You may even want to include a section of food recipes for Sabbat celebrations. Spell Crafting Some people prefer to keep their spells in a separate book called a grimoire, but you can also keep them in your Book of Shadows. It’s easier to keep spells organised if you divide them up by purpose: prosperity, protection, healing, etc. With each spell you include, particularly if you write your own rather than using someone else's ideas, make sure you also leave room to include information on when the working was performed and what the outcome was. Classes & Experiences Every witch should take a few classes or workshops on topics or subjects that you feel most interested in. Within all classes and workshops, you should receive some type of exercise or "how to" instruction. Record your experiences with these. What you liked, what didn't work and what you'd like to do differently next time. Personal Note Within your BOS you may also want to keep a diary of your spiritual or magikal experiences. Record your dreams, interpretations, aspirations, and affirmations. -3-  Paganism and Witchcraft Paganism This term historically refers to pre-Christian religious and spiritual beliefs and practices. It encompasses a wide array of ancient polytheistic and nature-based religions that existed before the spread of Christianity. Paganism includes diverse traditions such as those from ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, Norse, Celtic, and many other cultures worldwide. These traditions honoured various gods and goddesses, revered nature, and had specific rituals and cultural practices tied to their beliefs. Here are some key aspects and points about paganism: Diversity of Beliefs: Paganism comprises a wide array of ancient and indigenous religious traditions that were practiced before the spread of Christianity and other major organised religions. These traditions varied greatly in their beliefs, rituals, gods, goddesses, cosmologies, and cultural practices. Polytheism and Nature-Based Beliefs: Many pagan belief systems are polytheistic, acknowledging multiple gods and goddesses who represent various aspects of life, nature, and the cosmos. Nature plays a significant role in pagan beliefs, with reverence for the natural world, seasonal cycles, and the elements being common themes. Cultural and Regional Variations: Paganism is not a single, unified religion but rather a diverse collection of traditions specific to various cultures and regions worldwide. Examples include Norse mythology in Scandinavia, Celtic traditions in Western Europe, Egyptian mythology in ancient Egypt, and others across Asia, Africa, the Americas, and beyond. Rituals and Practices: Pagan traditions often involve rituals, ceremonies, and observances tied to natural cycles, seasonal changes, and significant life events. These rituals can include honouring deities, celebrating festivals (Sabbats), performing magical practices, divination, and connecting with spirits or ancestors. Revival and Reconstruction: In modern times, there has been a resurgence of interest in pagan beliefs and practices, leading to the revival and reconstruction of ancient traditions. Neopagan movements, such as Wicca, Druidry, Heathenry, and various eclectic forms of paganism, have emerged, often blending historical sources with contemporary interpretations. Connection to Nature and Spirituality: Paganism emphasises a spiritual connection to nature, acknowledging the interconnectedness of all living beings and the sacredness of the natural world. Some pagan traditions view the Earth itself as a living entity deserving of respect and care. Diverse Community: Contemporary pagan communities are diverse, welcoming individuals of various backgrounds, beliefs, and practices. While some pagans may belong to covens or organised groups, others practice as solitary practitioners, following their own paths and traditions. Neopaganism Neopaganism, is a modern revival or reconstruction of these ancient pagan beliefs and practices. It emerged largely in the 20th century as a resurgence of interest in pre-Christian spiritualities. Neopaganism draws inspiration from historical pagan traditions but often adapts and evolves these practices to suit contemporary beliefs and lifestyles. Neopagans may incorporate elements of ancient traditions, folklore, magic, nature worship, and polytheistic beliefs into their spiritual practices. Wicca, Druidry, Heathenry, and various eclectic forms of paganism fall under the umbrella of neopaganism. -1- Here are some key aspects and points about neopaganism: Incorporation of Ancient Traditions: Neopagans draw inspiration from various ancient pagan and indigenous traditions, including but not limited to Celtic, Norse, Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and indigenous spiritualities. They often blend historical sources, folklore, myths, and spiritual practices with modern interpretations and adaptations. Eclectic and Individualised: Neopaganism tends to be eclectic, allowing practitioners to create their unique spiritual paths by integrating elements from different traditions, folklore, magical practices, and personal experiences. It encourages individual exploration and adaptation of beliefs and practices. Nature-Based Spirituality: Similar to traditional paganism, Neopaganism emphasises a connection to nature, honouring the Earth, and revering natural cycles. Many Neopagans practice rituals tied to seasonal changes, celebrate nature's rhythms, and hold reverence for the elements and the environment. Modern Influences: Neopaganism incorporates modern beliefs and values, allowing for adaptation to contemporary lifestyles and societal contexts. Some Neopagan practices may be influenced by modern occultism, feminism, environmentalism, and personal empowerment. Organised Groups and Solitary Practitioners: Neopaganism encompasses a wide range of practices, from organised covens and groups (such as Wiccan covens) to solitary practitioners. Neopagans may join formal traditions or practice independently, following their chosen paths. Neopaganism differences from Paganism: Historical Context: Neopaganism is a modern revival or reinterpretation of ancient pagan traditions, whereas Paganism refers to the historical polytheistic and nature-based religions that existed before the spread of Christianity. Eclecticism and Individualism: Neopaganism tends to embrace eclecticism and personal spiritual exploration to a greater extent than traditional Paganism. It often allows for more freedom in adapting beliefs and practices based on personal preferences. Modern Interpretations: While Neopaganism is rooted in ancient beliefs, it may incorporate modern influences, interpretations, and adaptations, which can differ significantly from the practices and beliefs of historical pagan cultures. Revivalist Nature: Neopaganism is seen as a modern revival or reconstruction of ancient beliefs, drawing from historical sources, and adapting them to contemporary contexts, while Paganism encompasses the historical traditions themselves. -2- What is Witchcraft? Witchcraft within Paganism encompasses a multifaceted practice that involves the use of spells, rituals, and spiritual beliefs aimed at harnessing natural energies and working with deities or spirits to influence the world. Rooted in ancient traditions intertwined with Pagan and folk customs, it seeks to tap into the natural forces that permeate the world, aiming to enact transformations, actualise intentions, and channel unseen powers. Through a diverse array of techniques and ceremonies, it endeavours to shape, commune with, and impact the broader natural realm, thus influencing personal experiences and directing outcomes in the lives of individuals. Key aspects of witchcraft within Paganism include: Magic and Spellcasting: Witches often perform rituals and spells to manifest their intentions, desires, or to bring about positive changes in their lives or the lives of others. These rituals may involve the use of herbs, candles, symbols, chants, and other tools to focus and direct energy. Connection to Nature: Witchcraft in Paganism is closely tied to nature. Practitioners often revere the Earth and its elements, drawing energy and inspiration from the natural world. Nature is seen as sacred, and its rhythms, seasons, and cycles are observed and celebrated in rituals. Deity and Spirit Work: Witches may work with deities, spirits, or other entities depending on their specific tradition or beliefs. They may invoke or honour gods, goddesses, or ancestral spirits during rituals, seeking guidance, blessings, or assistance in their magical workings. Rituals and Ceremonies: Witchcraft involves the practice of rituals and ceremonies that are specific to a practitioner's tradition or personal beliefs. These rituals often mark significant events, such as Sabbats (seasonal celebrations) and Esbats (moon rituals), and may include casting circles, invoking energies, and raising magical power. Personal Empowerment and Spiritual Growth: Witchcraft in Paganism emphasises personal empowerment, self-discovery, and spiritual growth. Practitioners often engage in meditation, divination, and introspection to deepen their connection with themselves and the spiritual realms. Diverse Traditions: Witchcraft in Paganism encompasses various traditions, such as Wicca, Druidry, Heathenry, and eclectic forms of witchcraft. Each tradition has its unique rituals, practices, and beliefs, but they share a common emphasis on magic, nature, and spirituality. It's important to note that not all Pagans practice witchcraft, and not all witches identify as Pagan. Witchcraft is a part of some Pagan traditions, but there are many diverse paths within Paganism that may or may not incorporate magical practices. -3-  Different Types of Witches Alexandrian Tradition The Alexandrian Tradition is a form of modern witchcraft that emerged in the mid-20th century, often regarded as a modified offshoot of the Gardenarian Tradition. Founded by Alex Sanders and his partner Maxine, this tradition retains several core elements of Gardnerian Wicca while incorporating modifications and additional practices. Similar to Gardnerian Wicca, Alexandrian Witches focus on ceremonial rituals, initiatory degrees, and a structured framework for practice. Alexandrian Wicca emphasises the polarity of male and female energies, working with covens that are typically gender- inclusive, and often places a particular emphasis on ceremonial magic, astrology, and the Qabalah. Ásatrú/Heathenry Ásatrú or Heathenry represents a revivalist and reconstructionist pagan tradition rooted in the pre- Christian beliefs and practices of the ancient Germanic and Scandinavian peoples. It centres around the Norse gods (Aesir and Vanir) and the mythologies from Northern Europe. Practitioners of Ásatrú/Heathenry honour and venerate these gods, engaging in rituals, blóts (sacrificial rites), and symbology tied to Norse mythology. Additionally, Ásatrú/Heathenry involves working with runes, the ancient Norse alphabet imbued with magical and divinatory significance. This spiritual path emphasises a strong connection to nature, ancestral reverence, and upholding values such as honour, courage, and hospitality. Ásatrúar often celebrate seasonal festivals (such as Yule and Midsummer) and strive to follow ancient Norse cultural and ethical principles in their modern-day practices. British Traditional Witch British Traditional Witchcraft refers to a form of modern witchcraft that combines elements from Celtic paganism and the teachings of Gerald Gardner's Gardenarian Tradition. This tradition often emphasises the veneration of nature, the practice of magic, and the worship of both a God and a Goddess within its ritual structure. Practitioners undergo a structured initiation process, progressing through a series of degrees within their covens. British Traditional Witches typically work within small, initiatory groups, and these covens are often open to both men and women, promoting a balanced and inclusive approach to their practices. Rituals are often conducted according to specific traditions and ceremonies, drawing from ancient folklore, folk magic, and ceremonial magic. Caledonii Tradition The Caledonii Tradition, also known as the Hecatine Tradition, is a denomination of witchcraft that originates from Scotland. This tradition draws inspiration from Scottish folklore, mythology, and magical practices, emphasising a connection to the land and its mystical history. The Caledonii Tradition honours the ancient Celtic deities while also incorporating local Scottish spiritual elements and beliefs. This tradition places significance on the worship of nature and the spirits of the land. While specific practices may vary among practitioners and covens, the Caledonii Tradition often involves rituals, spell work, and ceremonies aimed at honouring the cycles of nature, ancestral ties, and the divine forces present within the Scottish landscape. Celtic Wicca Celtic Wicca represents a modern pagan tradition that draws inspiration from Celtic mythology, ancient Celtic spiritual practices, and Wiccan principles. This path reveres the elements—earth, air, fire, and water—as fundamental forces in nature and incorporates reverence for the Ancient Ones, referring to Celtic deities and spirits. Practitioners of Celtic Wicca often prioritise healing practices or hold deep respect for healing arts. They work closely with natural elements such as plants, stones, flowers, trees, and the elemental beings such as gnomes and fairies in their rituals and magical workings. Emphasising a connection to the land and nature, Celtic Wiccans celebrate seasonal festivals known as Sabbats, which align with the cycles of nature and agricultural seasons. -4- Ceremonial Witchcraft Ceremonial Witchcraft, also known as Traditional Ceremonial Magic or High Magic, is a magical tradition focused on ceremonial and ritualistic practices derived from various ancient and esoteric traditions. Practitioners of Ceremonial Witchcraft often engage in intricate and formal rituals, employing elaborate ceremonial tools, symbols, and invocations. They draw upon systems such as Qabbalistic magic (Kabbalah) or Egyptian magic in their rituals, incorporating mystical and symbolic elements into their practices. Ceremonial Witches commonly work within a structured and precise framework, using rituals to evoke spiritual energies, spirits, or divine forces for personal transformation, spiritual growth, and magical workings. The emphasis lies on precise ritual practice, symbolic correspondences, and the invocation of specific energies or deities during ceremonies. Dianic Tradition The Dianic Tradition, also known as Dianic Wicca, is a modern pagan tradition that incorporates a diverse range of practices, beliefs, and rituals. It holds a primary focus on the Goddess, emphasising her worship and celebrating her divine aspects. Originating from Zsuzsanna Budapest in the 1970s, this tradition stands as a distinct branch within Wicca, placing a strong emphasis on feminism and the divine feminine. Dianic Witches often honour the Goddess in her various forms, celebrating femininity, female empowerment, and aspects of nature tied to womanhood. This tradition tends to be more matriarchal and feminist in its approach to spirituality and magical practices. While some Dianic covens are exclusively women-focused, others may be open to people of all genders, maintaining their focus on the divine feminine. Eclectic Witch An Eclectic Witch is an individual who practices witchcraft without adhering to a specific religious or magical tradition. Eclectic Witches draw knowledge, techniques, and practices from various spiritual paths, traditions, cultures, and magical systems. Their approach involves studying and learning from diverse sources such as Wicca, ceremonial magic, folk magic, shamanism, and other mystical traditions. They select and integrate elements from these systems based on personal preferences, beliefs, and experiences, using what resonates or works best for their individual practice. The Eclectic Witch embraces a flexible and personalised approach to magic, incorporating a blend of rituals, spells, symbols, and practices tailored to suit their unique spiritual path. Gardnerian Tradition The Gardnerian Tradition is a form of modern witchcraft or Wicca that traces its roots to the teachings of Gerald Gardner, who is considered one of the pioneers of contemporary witchcraft. It follows a structured and initiatory system that involves rituals, ceremonies, and practices passed down through an established lineage. Gardnerian Wicca places a strong emphasis on ceremonial magic, initiations, and a structured framework for its rituals and teachings. The tradition maintains a foundational set of customs, rituals, and practices, often involving the veneration of a God and Goddess, ritual tools, casting circles, observance of Sabbats and Esbats, and adhering to specific magical practices and ethics. Gardnerian covens typically operate under a hierarchical structure with an initiatory system and uphold secrecy regarding certain aspects of their practices. Traditionally, members undergo initiation and training within a Gardnerian coven to uphold the lineage and teachings of this specific tradition. Hearth Witchcraft Refer to ‘What is a Green Witch’ document. Hedge Witches Refer to ‘What is a Green Witch’ document. Hereditary Witch A Hereditary Witch refers to an individual who has inherited magical practices, knowledge, or traditions through their family lineage across generations. This term implies that the person's family has passed down teachings, rituals, and practices associated with witchcraft or the "Old Religion." The teachings often encompass folk magic, herbalism, spell craft, divination, and other traditional magical practices specific to the family or cultural background. Hereditary Witches are believed to have a natural inclination or familiarity with certain magical practices due to the exposure and teachings received within their family lineage, making them practitioners of a unique form of witchcraft that has been passed down through their ancestry. -5- Green Witchcraft Refer to ‘What is a Green Witch’ document. Pictish Witchcraft Pictish Witchcraft refers to a mystical and spiritual tradition purportedly originating from Scotland. This tradition is often considered a solitary practice within witchcraft, focusing more on the magical aspects than religious elements. It's associated with ancient Pictish peoples who resided in Scotland during early medieval times. While historical documentation about Pictish Witchcraft is scarce, practitioners claim a lineage or connection to the ancient Picts. This tradition may involve the use of magical techniques, spells, rituals, and folklore passed down through personal or familial teachings. Its emphasis on magical practices, such as spellcasting, divination, and folk magic, sets it apart as a distinct form of witchcraft, often practiced by individuals working in isolation or small groups. Pow-Wow Pow-Wow, also known as Braucherei or Pennsylvania Dutch Folk Magic, is a system of folk magic and healing practices originating from the Pennsylvania Dutch communities, particularly in South Central Pennsylvania. Rooted in a blend of folk beliefs, Christian mysticism, and traditional German folk magic, Pow-Wow has its roots in 17th-century German folklore and magical practices brought by immigrants to America. Practitioners of Pow-Wow concentrate on simple faith healing techniques and folk remedies, utilising spoken charms, prayers, symbols, and herbal remedies to address various ailments, both physical and spiritual. Pow-Wow practitioners often function as healers within their communities, utilising their knowledge of traditional remedies and rituals passed down through generations for the purpose of healing and providing spiritual comfort. Seax-Wicca Seax-Wicca is a modern form of Wicca influenced by Anglo-Saxon paganism, founded and popularised by Raymond Buckland. This tradition draws its inspiration from the practices and beliefs of the ancient Germanic and Anglo-Saxon people. Seax-Wicca emphasises self-initiation and individual empowerment, allowing practitioners to pursue spiritual growth and development on a personal level. Rituals, practices, and ceremonies within Seax-Wicca are derived from ancient Germanic traditions, incorporating elements such as rune magic, Anglo-Saxon folklore, and deity worship associated with Germanic pantheons. This tradition often places a strong emphasis on self-reliance, personal responsibility, and connecting with the land and cultural heritage of the Anglo-Saxon and Germanic peoples. Shadow Witch Refer to ‘What is a Green Witch’ document. Solitary Witch A Solitary Witch is an individual who practices witchcraft alone, without belonging to or following any specific coven, group, or established tradition. This practitioner chooses to follow their personal spiritual path and practices independently, without adhering to formal rituals or guidelines dictated by a particular tradition or group. Solitary Witches may draw knowledge and practices from various sources, including books, personal research, and experiences, creating a personalised and eclectic practice that resonates with them individually. Their craft is self-directed, allowing them the freedom to explore and adapt their magical practices based on personal intuition, preferences, and experiences without the influence of a coven or formal tradition. Strega Witches Strega Witches, known as La Vecchia Religione or "The Old Religion," trace their roots to Italy, practicing a form of folk magic and witchcraft steeped in Italian traditions and folklore. The term "Strega," Italian for "witch" or "wise one," denotes practitioners deeply connected to this tradition. This spiritual path melds folklore, natural magic, and ancestral practices, representing one of Europe's oldest surviving pagan traditions. Strega Witchcraft reveres nature, cyclic life rhythms, and a profound bond with the land and its spirits. Rituals, ceremonies, and spell craft focus on healing, protection, and spiritual guidance. Worship involves various deities, nature spirits, and forces. It incorporates Italian folk customs such as amulets, herbal remedies, incantations, and charms for healing, divination, and spiritual evolution. -6-  Ethics and Karma Ethics Generally, ethics in witchcraft serve as guiding principles, directing practitioners in their magical pursuits. Fundamental to this ethos is a commitment to responsible magic, advocating for ethical considerations in all practices. Emphasising respect for the autonomy of others, it discourages manipulation or coercion against their will. Practitioners prioritise discretion in spellcasting, aiming to prevent causing harm. Central to ethical conduct is aligning intentions toward positive outcomes, seeking personal and communal benefit while ensuring no harm to anyone involved. Honesty, integrity, and mindfulness of the repercussions of magical workings stand as crucial components influencing ethical behaviour within the domain of witchcraft. A Shadow Witch may follow self-oriented spells that do not inflict harm on others but might resort to binding those who have committed illegal or immoral acts. Additionally, they may cast spells to reflect or bind individuals to prevent them from causing harm to others. The ethical standpoint of this practice is centred on self-preservation and preventing harm rather than initiating it. Use of binding or cursing is directed towards maintaining balance and preventing further unethical or harmful actions by those individuals. The core belief revolves around personal responsibility and using magical means to protect oneself and others from potential harm. Karma Karma embodies the concept of consequences, the cause and effect, resulting from one's actions, both positive and negative. Karma's interpretation varies among different religions and cultures. Broadly, it implies that every action, whether conscious or subconscious, initiates an inevitable and corresponding outcome. Essentially, causing harm may lead to repercussions, while positive deeds tend to yield beneficial results. While this might seem somewhat simplified, the core idea remains intact: our actions have reverberating effects. Some witches may view karma as a universal law of cause and effect, acknowledging that actions – whether positive or negative – can influence personal growth and experiences. They may believe in the concept of "what you give is what you receive" but interpret it in a way that aligns more with personal responsibility rather than a moralistic consequence. Karma may be perceived as a construct that's open to interpretation, focusing more on personal empowerment and individual agency rather than a strict adherence to cosmic retribution. For them, the concept of karma might be fluid, emphasising the importance of learning from experiences and evolving rather than being confined to predetermined consequences for actions. The Law of Return: This principle suggests that our actions, whether positive or negative, have consequences that return to us, potentially stronger than initially sent out. Energy we put into the world has a way of coming back to impact us. This law teaches that what we put out there can return in various ways, emphasising the importance of responsible actions. It's not just about causing no harm but also recognising that our deeds have repercussions, encouraging us to act mindfully and consider the potential outcomes of our actions. Harm Reduction: This principle is the minimisation of harm to oneself and others. It could involve a careful consideration of actions, focusing on self-preservation and protection while maintaining a balance between personal empowerment and the well-being of others. This approach might include utilising protective spells or defensive measures to shield oneself and those they care about, while also considering ethical boundaries in binding as a last resort, especially when dealing with individuals who have committed immoral or harmful acts. Ultimately, it's about wielding personal power responsibly, striving for self-protection, and safeguarding against harm without inhibiting individual freedoms or empowerment unless there is no other reasonable option. -1- Bad things happen to good people? People often discuss karma, wondering why 'bad things happen to good people.' This idea challenges the straightforward view of karma, where good actions should lead to good results. Some think it's because our present experiences might relate to things we did in past lives. Others believe it's about the complex connections between actions and their outcomes. In essence, this debate shows that karma is more complicated than just good actions leading to good results. Delving into karma prompts significant questions, albeit with varying answers in different religious philosophies: How does karma operate? Is it administered by a higher entity or deity, a natural force, or a universal law? When do karmic consequences transpire? Is it within this lifetime, in a subsequent incarnation, or a combination of both? The concept of delayed repercussions might explain why individuals with questionable ethics seemingly experience continuous good fortune. Can positive or negative karma be inherited by future generations? What governs the scale of karma? Are consequences proportional to the initial action, or are they amplified? For instance, the Wiccan Rede outlines the threefold law: 'Mind the threefold law ye should, three times bad and three times good.' This principle suggests that energies sent out, whether positive or negative, return with triple the strength. Applying this concept to witchcraft involves understanding the practice of spell craft commonly utilised by many witches. When embarking on casting a spell, the practitioner typically harbors a specific desire. However, failing to contemplate all potential consequences and impacts of manifesting that desire may result in negative karmic repercussions, even if unintended. Why does this occur? Neglecting to consider how one's desire might affect others stems from selfishness, which generates negative energy. Moreover, if a spell succeeds in fulfilling the caster's desire but at the expense of someone else, it generates even more negative energy. All these accumulated negative energies would inevitably require restitution. It could also be thought that if you genuinely try your best to think about the consequences of your actions, but accidentally miss a few, it might not lead to strong karmic consequences or maybe none at all. They believe that honest mistakes, even if you tried your hardest, might be understood by universal forces. However, not everyone agrees with this idea. Karmic Examples: Love Spells: Love spells serve as a prime example of this dilemma. They're delicate because they often involve influencing someone's feelings without their consent. If you're considering casting a love spell, proceed cautiously. It's best to focus on spells that foster a stronger connection, encourage better communication, or facilitate understanding between partners. Love spells should gently guide a relationship rather than forcefully alter it. For instance, attempting to compel a married individual to leave their spouse can cause extensive harm. It impacts not only the individuals directly involved but also their families. It's important to consider the ethical implications; trying to manipulate someone's feelings for personal gain can lead to unintended consequences and emotional distress for everyone involved. It's essential to question if pursuing such desires is worth causing harm or distress to others. Job/Career Spells: Just like love spells, career spells can also have ethical considerations. Using a spell to land a job might seem harmless, but coercing a company's decision or interfering with other candidates' chances may lead to negative consequences. Instead, focus on spells that enhance your skills, boost confidence in interviews, or attract opportunities without affecting others' chances. Healing Spells: Healing spells intended for others must be approached with care. While sending positive energy for someone's well-being is usually seen as benevolent, attempting to manipulate someone's health against their wishes might result in unwanted outcomes. It's better to use healing spells to bolster a person's strength, provide comfort, or aid in their natural recovery processes. Financial Abundance Spells: Spells for wealth and financial prosperity can raise ethical concerns. While seeking financial stability is understandable, spells targeting specific individuals or businesses for monetary gain might disrupt their lives or livelihoods. It's wiser to focus on spells that attract general abundance, opportunities for financial growth, or enhance your money-managing skills without harming others. In summary, give real consideration to your actions/words/spells, and the potential consequences of each. Add a line or two to the end of your spells asking that it bring no harm to yourself or others. -2-  What is it to be a Witch in the Green Witch Coven? The Green Witch Coven practices various traditions namely Green, Hedge, Hearth, and Shadow Witchcraft. These paths interweave, creating a tapestry of diverse practices that harmonise and support one another. What is a Green Witch? A Green Witch embodies a spiritual path deeply rooted in nature, aligning with the Earth's rhythms and energies. They are attuned to the natural world, drawing inspiration from the elements, plants, animals, and the land itself. Their craft revolves around harnessing the Earth's energies for healing, magic, and spiritual growth. This practice involves a profound connection with the environment, recognising the interconnectedness of all living beings and the planet. Green Witches work with herbs, plants, and natural elements, integrating their energies into rituals, spells, and everyday life. They often practice herbalism, plant lore, and earth-based magic, seeking harmony and balance within themselves and the world around them. Ultimately, a Green Witch's practice is highly personal, shaped by their individual beliefs, experiences, and connection with nature. The core essence lies in embracing the Earth's wisdom, finding spiritual guidance in its rhythms, and living in harmony with the natural elements. What is a Hedge Witch? Hedge Witchcraft is an ancient practice deeply rooted in shamanic traditions and mystical exploration. The term "hedge" signifies the boundary between the known and unknown, representing a symbolic threshold between the ordinary world and mystical realms. Historically, Hedge Witches were considered walkers between worlds, navigating the spiritual and natural realms with wisdom and insight. Central to Hedge Witchcraft is the mastery of herbalism, healing, and spiritual exploration. These practitioners engage in solitary practices, learning their craft through oral traditions passed down from ancestors or former practitioners. They possess a keen understanding of nature's signs and symbols, learning from the elements, winds, and celestial patterns. Hedge Witches honour the cycles of nature, marking their celebrations based on seasonal changes rather than fixed calendar dates. Their spirituality varies widely—some revere deities, while others perceive divinity in nature itself. Riding the Hedge is a key aspect of their practice, signifying the mystical journey between worlds or realms. Riding the Hedge involves a conscious exploration of these realms, facilitated through altered states of consciousness, meditation, trance, or shamanic practices. It encompasses mystical work that delves into the unseen, allowing practitioners to access deeper spiritual insights, connect with spirits or guides, and seek wisdom and knowledge from the Otherworld. The Hedge Witch's toolkit emphasises practicality and utility over ornate ceremonial tools, often consecrating simple items like stones, knives, or sticks to symbolise their connection with the natural world and sacred energies. In essence, Hedge Witchcraft remains a diverse, individualised path, allowing practitioners to immerse themselves in nature, explore the mystical, and engage in Riding the Hedge—journeys between realms—seeking profound understanding and connection with the seen and unseen worlds. -1- What is a Hearth Witch? A Kitchen Witch, as the name suggests, finds their sacred space in the heart of the home—the kitchen. However, their craft goes beyond mere culinary endeavours; it's an ancient practice that infuses the most mundane of tasks with spiritual significance, honouring the divine in everyday actions. Kitchen Witchcraft transforms routine chores into sacred rituals, recognising food as a sacred and life- giving essence. Unlike some in the modern world, the Kitchen Witch doesn't view cooking as a mundane task but as a meaningful act to be cherished. This practice revolves around the belief that the quality of our sustenance profoundly affects our well- being. Meals prepared with care, using fresh ingredients, and crafted with intention, carry more nourishment than hurriedly assembled foods. By cooking with mindfulness and intent, the Kitchen Witch honours the Earth and the life-giving goddess while expressing gratitude for the sustenance provided by the land. Moreover, Kitchen Witches often cultivate their own food, pouring their essence into the ingredients and infusing the act of cooking with magical intent. Their kitchen becomes a sanctuary, adorned with altars, symbols, and possibly a special place for reflection—a space where utensils may be blessed, and rituals integrated into the preparation of meals. The practice of Kitchen Witchery celebrates the interconnectedness of life, recognising magic in the simplicity of everyday experiences. It emphasises the importance of nourishing not just the body but also the spirit, fostering a deeper connection to the cycles of nature and the divine within the home. Ultimately, Kitchen Witchcraft is a deeply personal and intuitive practice, where the magic lies in the intention behind the actions, the reverence for food, and the celebration of life's sacred aspects within the heart of the home. What is a Shadow Witch? A shadow witch is often associated with working in the realm of the shadow self or the darker aspects of spirituality. They may delve into exploring and understanding the hidden or shadow aspects of the psyche, confronting inner demons, and embracing the complexity of human nature. Exploring the shadow aspects of the self, emphasising understanding, and integrating the hidden, darker, or unresolved parts of their psyche which may involve delving into subconscious or repressed emotions, fears, trauma, and unresolved issues. By acknowledging and embracing these aspects, they aim for personal growth, healing, self-awareness, and transformation. Self-Exploration: Shadow witches delve into their subconscious, addressing suppressed emotions, fears, and unresolved issues. They confront and work through inner conflicts to achieve emotional balance and mental well-being. Inner Healing: They use various spiritual and psychological techniques like meditation, introspection, journaling, and energy work to heal past wounds, traumas, or negative patterns. Integration: The goal is not to eliminate the shadow but to integrate it. They accept and acknowledge these aspects as a natural part of themselves, leading to a more holistic and balanced existence. Spiritual Growth: Shadow work is considered a transformative spiritual practice. By facing their shadows, practitioners aim for spiritual growth, self-empowerment, and a deeper understanding of themselves. -2- Shadow witches might also use their knowledge to help others in their healing journeys or guide them through similar processes of self-discovery. It's essential to note that shadow work can be intense and emotionally challenging, requiring patience, self-compassion, and a safe, supportive environment for effective exploration and growth. This exploration doesn't necessarily mean performing malicious actions but involves delving into the shadows, which can be misunderstood or considered 'dark' by other practitioners. Here are some activities a shadow witch might undertake that could be seen as 'dark': Exploring Taboo Subjects: They might delve into taboo or less talked about topics such as death, darker emotions (like anger or grief), or exploring aspects of the psyche often avoided. Working with 'Darker' Deities or Spirits: Shadow witches might invoke or work with deities or entities associated with shadow aspects, such as deities of death, underworld, or transformative energies. Cathartic Rituals: Engaging in rituals or practices that involve expressing intense emotions, confronting fears, or facing personal traumas for catharsis and healing. Banishing or Binding Work: Sometimes, shadow witches might perform banishing or binding spells to confront and manage negative energies or aspects of the self. Exploring Unconventional Magick: This might involve exploring magickal practices that deal with the manipulation or exploration of energies beyond the norm, which might make others uncomfortable. Shadow witches don't follow a uniform set of principles or actions. Some practitioners within this path might use metaphysical means to address wrongdoing or unethical behaviour of others. These witches might engage in practices aimed at karmic balance or justice, seeking to rectify imbalances or bring consequences to those who have committed harmful deeds. This might involve rituals or workings to encourage self-reflection, understanding, or to influence the course of events for those who have acted unethically. What are Right and Left-Hand Practices? Within our coven, we strive for a middle ground, integrating elements from both the right-hand and left-hand paths. This approach involves embracing a more neutral stance that acknowledges and learns from both perspectives. To find our balance, it's essential to comprehend the principles of both the Right and the Left paths, enabling you to identify where your personal middle ground resides. Right-Hand Morality and Ethics: Emphasises adherence to moral codes, ethical principles, and societal norms. Collective Welfare: Prioritises the well-being of the community or collective over individual desires. Spiritual Ascension: Focuses on achieving spiritual growth, enlightenment, and harmony through prescribed methods. Conventional Practices: Involves following established religious or spiritual doctrines, rituals, and traditions. -3-  Positive Intentions: Advocates for working with beneficial or "light" energies, often avoiding darker or taboo practices. Submission to Higher Powers: May involve submission to or alignment with deities, spiritual figures, or higher forces. Aligned with Mainstream Ideals: Often conforms to societal norms and accepted spiritual beliefs prevalent in mainstream religions or cultures. Left-Hand Path Individualistic Approach: Emphasises personal autonomy, self-empowerment, and self- deification. Challenges Social Norms: Often involves exploring forbidden or taboo practices, concepts, or philosophies. Focus on the Self: Prioritises personal growth, self-discovery, and self-realisation over collective goals. Exploration of the Shadow: Involves delving into the darker aspects of the psyche, embracing, and integrating them for personal transformation. Nonconformist Ideals: Rejects societal or religious norms and may involve practices considered unconventional or controversial. Diverse Practices: Encompasses various spiritual, magical, or occult traditions that diverge from mainstream ideologies. Embracing Both Light and Dark: Recognises that both positive and negative aspects of existence contribute to spiritual evolution and understanding. The Coven’s Middle Path The Green Witch Coven takes a middle path unlike other traditions, seeking a more balanced approach to their path. Balanced Ethics: Embracing ethical principles that prioritise harm reduction and responsible use of power without strict adherence to a dogmatic moral code. Balanced Welfare: By nurturing oneself physically and mentally, individuals can better contribute to the collective's welfare as they're better equipped to offer support, share insights, and actively engage in improving the group's overall well-being. Similarly, a strong and united collective fosters an environment where individuals feel supported, encouraging their personal growth and development. Personal Responsibility: Recognising personal accountability in wielding power and acknowledging the consequences of actions without being bound by rigid rules or limited autonomy. Integration of Practices: Incorporating elements from various traditions or paths that resonate, allowing flexibility in magical workings without being solely aligned with one specific ideology. Respect for Individual Freedom: Valuing personal autonomy and spiritual sovereignty while respecting the free will of others. -4-  Witchcraft Misconceptions Is Witchcraft a Cult? Witchcraft, often misunderstood as a cult, stands distinctively apart from the characteristics that define a cult. Cults tend to possess a centralised and often authoritarian leadership with a tight-knit group following, adhering to strict, sometimes extreme, practices. In contrast, Witchcraft is an ancient practice, prevalent across diverse cultures and communities globally. It lacks the centralised authority and strict adherence typical of cults. Witches do not have a single leader or follow stringent, uniform guidelines. Instead, they form a widespread, loosely connected community, each practicing their craft in unique ways. The diversity within Witchcraft negates any attributes commonly associated with cult-like behaviours, as it does not adhere to the traditional characteristics of cults: rigid structure, centralised authority, and coercive recruitment or conversion tactics. Are Witches Evil? Witches abide by ethical principles that prioritise self-awareness and an understanding of the consequences of their actions. Their ethics involve a practical perspective, focusing on the real-world outcomes of their magic. They recognise that actions can have repercussions, with their deeds impacting themselves and others. While witchcraft isn't evil, certain practices, such as those aligned with the Shadow, Left, or Middle paths, might seem so due to their focus on addressing wrongdoing or unethical behaviour. However, it is not evil to perform rituals or workings to restore karmic balance or seek justice by influencing events for those who've acted unethically. Such practices prompt self-reflection, understanding, or consequences for individuals who've committed harmful deeds. Do Witches Worship the Devil? Witches are frequently mistaken for Satanists, but it's essential to clarify that they do not adhere to the belief in the devil. Within the framework of Witchcraft, the notions of the devil and hell are integral components of Christian theology and have no historical or doctrinal basis in Witchcraft. The concept of Satan and the associated teachings are specific to Christian beliefs and have never been part of traditional Witchcraft. Instead, Witches typically focus on nature-based spirituality, rituals honouring natural forces, and the worship of various deities or energies in line with their respective traditions or practices. Do Witches Sacrifice Animals? In Witchcraft, which is deeply rooted in nature, Witches uphold a profound respect for all living beings. When making offerings or sacrifices to their chosen deities, these often comprise items such as bread, fruits, wine, or flowers – a symbolic gesture of reverence and gratitude towards nature's abundance. An essential principle among Witches is the love and protection of animals. They never harm or involve animals in rituals or spells, adhering to an ethos of reverence for all life forms and a commitment to non-violence towards animals in their spiritual practices. Do Witches have a “Dark Bible”? In Witchcraft, there isn't a singular holy book akin to the Bible. Instead, Witches might create a "Book of Shadows" (BoS) for themselves or inherit one from their teacher. This BoS functions as a personalised guidebook rather than a religious scripture. Also known as a grimoire or magical diary, it contains a Witch's gathered knowledge, including correspondences, rituals, spells, herbal wisdom, prayers, and personal experiences. While not all Witches maintain a BoS, those who do use it as a repository for valuable information vital to their spiritual practices. Do Witches seek to Control Others? In the practice of Witchcraft, Witches don't resort to taking or controlling another's life force to gain mystical abilities or supernatural powers. Instead, they harness energy from within themselves and establish connections with the divine and nature. This belief rejects the idea that one person can benefit only by depriving another. Witches emphasise personal empowerment and harmony with nature rather than taking from others for personal gain. Is a Male Witch a Warlock? Male individuals practicing Witchcraft are simply referred to as Witches, just like their female counterparts. The term "Warlock" is often seen as disrespectful or offensive within the Witchcraft community. Originally derived from a Celtic or Old English word, "Warlock" historically meant "traitor" or "oathbreaker," holding negative connotations. As such, in the context of modern Witchcraft, the term is generally avoided, and male practitioners are commonly identified as Witches. Do Witches Dress in Black? Witches have varying preferences in clothing. Some may choose to wear black, but it doesn't define all witches. Black is often symbolic of "everything," or serves as a ceremonial colour. In some cases, it represents wisdom linked to the Dark Crone. Colours hold symbolic meanings, and Witchcraft doesn't focus solely on black – it's one of many colours used in rituals, magic, and chosen amongst other colours when worn, just like anyone else.  Green Witches Deities Green Witch Coven Deities As Green Witches, our paths meander uniquely. Within our individual journeys, we often find ourselves drawn to specific Deities. For many of us, the allure lies in the realm of woodland and forest Deities, resonating deeply with their essence. Within the Green Witch Coven, our focus intertwines with the energies of the Sun and the Moon. The Sun embodies a potent masculine force, represented by the Lord or God of the Sun. Conversely, the Moon embodies a serene feminine energy, symbolised by the Lady or Goddess of the Moon. While we honour these divine energies, we refrain from ascribing specific names to the Lord and Lady. Instead, we embrace their essence and guidance within our sacred practice. Understanding Pagan Deities In pagan belief systems, deities are often viewed as powerful entities that exist within or are connected to other realms or dimensions. They're typically regarded as higher beings possessing great knowledge, wisdom, and specific domains of influence or control over certain aspects of life, nature, or the universe. Unlike the concept of an omnipotent being that has unlimited power and control over everything, pagan deities are usually seen as having limitations. They might excel in certain abilities or aspects, but they aren't all-powerful or all-knowing across the entire cosmos. Instead, they often have specific domains or areas they oversee or influence. For instance, in Norse mythology, Odin is associated with wisdom, war, and poetry, while Freyja is connected to love, fertility, and magic. Similarly, in Greek mythology, Zeus is the ruler of the gods and the sky, Poseidon rules the seas, and Athena is associated with wisdom and warfare. These deities are seen as influential beings with distinctive personalities, strengths, and limitations. They interact with the world and humans in various ways, sometimes through myths, rituals, or signs in nature. They might be approached for guidance, blessings, or aid within their specific domains. The belief in these deities being interconnected or existing within other realms is often deeply tied to spiritual practices within pagan traditions. They might be invoked or worshipped through rituals, prayers, or offerings, seeking their Favor or assistance in various aspects of life. It's important to note that pagan beliefs encompass a wide range of traditions and practices, and interpretations of deities can vary significantly between different cultures and belief systems. -1- Nameless Deities Often, we choose not to name the deities, referring to deities in more general terms or titles rather than using specific names of gods or goddesses during rituals. There are several reasons behind this: Respect for Diversity: Some practitioners honour various traditions and pantheons, acknowledging that different cultures have different names and aspects for similar gods or goddesses. Using general titles respects this diversity without favouring one tradition over another. Personal Interpretation: Pagans often have personal relationships with the divine, and some prefer not to limit their connections to specific deities. Referring to gods or goddesses in general terms allows for a more open interpretation of the divine, allowing individuals to connect based on their personal spiritual experiences. Privacy and Tradition: Some pagans believe that sharing the names of deities publicly might diminish the intimate and personal nature of their relationship with the divine. Keeping the names private within their ritual circles is a way to honour the sacredness and privacy of these connections. Inclusivity: Using general titles allows rituals to be inclusive to practitioners from various backgrounds, beliefs, and traditions. It enables everyone to participate without feeling excluded due to specific deity names associated with a particular tradition. Mystery Tradition: Within some pagan traditions, there's a belief in the power of mystery and the ineffable nature of the divine. Refraining from naming specific gods or goddesses aligns with this concept of embracing the unknown and the divine mystery. It's important to note that practices and beliefs can vary significantly among different pagan paths and individuals. Some practitioners may openly use specific names of gods and goddesses in their rituals, while others may prefer to work with the divine in a more general or open-ended manner. Sun and Moon, the Lord and Lady In many mythologies and belief systems, various gods and goddesses are associated with the sun and the moon. However, it's important to note that across different cultures, interpretations of celestial bodies can differ. While some cultures attribute masculine characteristics or deities to the sun and feminine qualities or goddesses to the moon, others may have different associations or both genders represented differently. In some mythologies: The Sun is often associated with masculine qualities, representing light, warmth, and vitality. Deities embodying these qualities might be depicted as male gods. The Moon is often associated with feminine characteristics, symbolising mystery, cycles, and change. Deities embodying these attributes might be depicted as goddesses. The attribution of gender to celestial bodies in mythologies often reflects cultural perspectives, symbolism, and the qualities or roles associated with these celestial phenomena rather than a universal rule. Some cultures may have lunar deities as male, solar deities as female, or even both the sun and moon represented by gods or goddesses without strict gender associations. -2- Lord of the Sun within the Green Witch Coven The Sun stands as a potent symbol of the divine force that animates life itself. Its significance intertwines with the agricultural cycle, nurturing the growth of plants and the reproduction of animals. Symbolically, the Sun embodies the essence of an "All Father," a force that sustains life's continuity upon the Earth. Beyond its physical role, humans possess a profound psychological affinity for the Sun. Feeling its warmth on our skin, witnessing its presence defining the length of our days, and relying on its light for survival significantly impacts our psyche. In worship of the Sun, gratitude is extended to the God for bestowing life, fostering growth, and spreading warmth across the Earth. Within the Sun, the God reveals his Triple Aspect as the Son, the Warrior, and the Consort. This trinity finds reflection in the Sabbats, marking solar-based holidays within the pagan calendar. All eight Sabbats align with specific solar placements throughout the year, each a celebration or commemoration of the God in his diverse aspects and phases of life. Lady of the Moon within the Green Witch Coven The Moon exerts a profound and influential presence, serving as a potent symbol of the Goddess, lunar magic, and spellcasting in the realms of witchcraft. Many practitioners hold the belief that magical workings conducted under the Moon's illumination yield heightened effectiveness. Each phase of the Moon is believed to carry distinct energies and symbolic significance, shaping the practices within witchcraft. Aligning spellcasting and magical endeavours with the Moon's phases is thought to infuse an extra potent force into the workings, amplifying their power significantly. The Moon's ever-changing visage mirrors the Goddess's transformative journey through her phases as maiden, mother, and crone. For numerous cultures, the phases of the Moon acted as the initial form of calendar reckoning. The Moon's formidable influence extends to tides, crop growth, and human emotions. Each month's full Moon marks a time of jubilation. Covens and solitary practitioners alike partake in Esbat rituals during the initial night of the full phase, often dedicating this time to honouring the Goddess through the Drawing Down the Moon ceremony. Additionally, the worship and observance of phases other than the Full Moon constitute Esbat rites, but their focus and intent often centre on specific purposes beyond the veneration of the Moon itself. Maiden, Mother, Crone Is a symbolic representation of the Triple Goddess found in various forms of neopagan traditions, especially within modern witchcraft practices. This concept represents the three stages of the female life cycle and embodies different aspects of femininity, nature, and the phases of the moon. Maiden: The Maiden represents youth, innocence, new beginnings, and independence. She is associated with spring, dawn, and the waxing phase of the moon. The Maiden embodies qualities of creativity, spontaneity, and the potential for growth. Mother: The Mother symbolises fertility, nurturing, and creation. She represents adulthood, maturity, and abundance. The Mother is linked to summer, noon, and the full moon. She embodies nurturing, compassion, and the power of giving life. -3- Crone: The Crone represents wisdom, endings, and transformation. She signifies old age, experience, and the waning phase of life. The Crone is associated with autumn, dusk, and the dark moon. She embodies wisdom, introspection, and the understanding gained through life's experiences. The Triple Goddess, as represented by the Maiden, Mother, Crone archetype, signifies the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. It's a symbolic representation of the phases of a woman's life and the deeper connection with nature's cycles, the seasons, and the moon phases. Son, Father, Sage Is a symbolic representation of the Triple God found in various forms of neopagan traditions. This concept represents the three stages of a man’s life and embodies different aspects of masculinity. Son: This stage represents the youthful phase, symbolising innocence, new beginnings, and the energy of youthfulness. It embodies qualities of learning, exploration, and the initiation into adulthood. Father: The Father phase represents maturity, strength, and responsibility. It embodies the peak of adulthood, symbolising protection, guidance, and the nurturing of others. Sage: The Sage phase represents wisdom, experience, and introspection. It embodies the elderly stage, symbolising knowledge, insight, and the passing down of wisdom to future generations. -4-  Reincarnation, Spirits, and the Afterlife Reincarnation While not universally embraced by all practitioners, some witches and Pagans believe in the concept of reincarnation as a fundamental aspect of their spiritual beliefs. Reincarnation within the context of witchcraft often aligns with the idea of the soul's continuous journey through multiple lifetimes. This cyclical process allows individuals to experience various existences, learn lessons, and evolve spiritually over time. Witches who embrace reincarnation may believe that each lifetime offers opportunities for personal growth, learning, and the fulfilment of spiritual purposes. The soul is thought to traverse different incarnations, possibly inhabiting various bodies, genders, and societal roles to gather diverse experiences. Moreover, some practitioners believe that the knowledge and experiences gained in past lives influence the present existence. Consequently, they might engage in practices aimed at accessing past life memories or conducting rituals to facilitate spiritual growth and understanding across lifetimes. Spirits In the realm of Witchcraft, perceptions of spirits and ghosts vary among practitioners. Many witches acknowledge and interact with spirits, recognising them as entities existing beyond the physical plane. These spirits can encompass deceased individuals, nature spirits, ancestral spirits, guides, and other ethereal beings. Some witches believe that spirits and ghosts retain a connection to the earthly realm after death, either due to unfinished business, strong emotions, or a desire to communicate messages. They might engage in rituals, divination, or spirit work to communicate with these entities, seeking guidance, wisdom, or closure. Within Witchcraft, spirits are often perceived as allies or teachers rather than malevolent entities. Witches may cultivate relationships with spirits, offering them respect, offerings, or rituals to honour their presence and seek their assistance in magical workings or spiritual endeavours. Additionally, spirits are regarded as custodians of wisdom, guardians of nature, or companions along the spiritual journey. Some practitioners may dedicate specific rituals or ceremonies to honour and connect with spirits, seeking to coexist harmoniously with these ethereal beings and acknowledging their significance within the natural and spiritual realms. The Afterlife In Witchcraft, views on the afterlife vary widely, reflecting diverse beliefs among practitioners. Many witches embrace the concept of reincarnation, seeing death as a transition where the soul returns in new forms, accumulating wisdom through successive lives. Others envision the afterlife as multiple spiritual realms or planes, where departed souls journey after leaving the physical body. These realms may offer spaces for rest, reflection, or further spiritual evolution, shaping the soul's ongoing journey beyond earthly existence. Some witches perceive the afterlife as an interconnected realm, maintaining the soul's connection to the divine or the cosmic energies of the universe. This perspective suggests that after death, individuals may merge with broader spiritual energies or a collective consciousness. Additionally, certain practitioners believe in ancestral realms, where departed souls reside and continue to influence or guide the living. Ancestor veneration plays a vital role, honouring and seeking guidance from departed kin or spiritual predecessors. These beliefs reflect the multifaceted nature of Witchcraft, incorporating varied interpretations influenced by personal experiences, cultural backgrounds, and teachings from diverse traditions.  Craft and Magickal Names Craft names, sometimes called magickal names, can be taken for several reasons. The name may be public, coven or a secret name. Child Naming: Parents can give their child a secret name during a naming ceremony; some traditions believe that names have immense power. It is believed that if you know someone's name, that you could have power over them and can control them. So, a child may be given a secret name (the child’s true name), so only that name holds power over them. This name is known only by the parents and Spirit. It may be disclosed to the child when they are old enough to understand its power. Dedication Name: When a Witch dedicates themselves to the craft, they may choose to take a craft name. A craft naming may be done to symbolise the birth of the new you. Sometimes this name is a secret name that only Spirit knows, sometimes they may allow others to know this name. If they are dedicated into a coven the craft name may be a coven name known only by other coven members. Some Witches choose to allow their craft name to be known publicly extending to outsiders knowing their name. Public and Private Names: Not every Witch has a craft name however some have three craft names. A public one, for public gatherings or as a screen name; a second one used only within a coven; and a third name used privately only between you and Spirit. A Craft name can help protect the identity of Witches from outsiders. Some use a craft name as a way to hide themselves, if they are worried about losing their job or getting in trouble with family. It's an alias of sorts. Personal Evolution and Adaptation: Craft names aren't necessarily permanent; practitioners often alter them as they grow personally or in their spiritual practices. Sometimes, a name change aligns better with their evolving spiritual journey or deeper self-understanding. While many Witches opt to change their craft names when they feel it no longer represents them, it's advisable not to change it too frequently. Choosing thoughtfully at the outset often means the name remains fitting for a longer duration. Traditional Practices: In specific traditions or cultures, there might be established rituals or practices for choosing a craft name, involving divination methods, consulting elders, or undergoing certain rites of passage. Symbolism and Significance: Each element of a craft name can hold significant meaning for the individual, whether derived from mythology, nature, spirituality, or personal aspirations. Exploring symbolism and the meanings behind chosen names can deepen the connection between the practitioner and their craft. Craft Name's Role in Mindset for Magick Work A Craft Name serves as a potent tool in fostering the ideal mental state for magical or ritual work. As you link this name with your practices, it gradually acquires profound significance. Comparable to a preparatory ritual purification or donning ceremonial attire, it aids in transitioning into the necessary mindset. This distinction between your magical and everyday life becomes clearer, facilitating your ability to immerse yourself in the mystical during rituals or spell work. Choosing a Craft Name Craft names hold diverse origins, aiding in the selection process. Covens may guide a communal name, while personal ones may surface through dreams or meditation. Inspiration for these names spans vast sources like mythology, animals, plants, elements, or gemstones. Others opt for names tied to life events, heritage, celestial bodies, historical figures, personal traits, or linguistic roots. Some connect deeply with a meaningful word or sound, while others receive names through visions or spiritual encounters. This diversity allows for a personalised selection, aiming for resonance with one's personality or aspirations. The craft name serves as a symbolic representation, drawing from a multitude of influences and sources. -1-  Wheel of the Year and Sabbats Wheel of the Year The Eight Sabbats form a never ending circle which is known as the 'Wheel of the Year'. These are the major festivals of the Witch's year. At these times, witches celebrate not only the changes in the Goddess: from maiden to mother, then crone and finally back to maiden again - but also the many faces of the God. Here is a brief overview of each Sabbat although there are more festivities and symbols that have been used by different traditions. Samhain (All Hallows Eve): This Sabbat falls on the 31st October, and is traditionally known as the Witches' New Year. This is the time when the veil between the two worlds (physical & spiritual) is the thinnest. Celebrations to honour the dead are done on this night, along with speaking with those who have passed over. Black candles are used at this time, to ward off negativity. Yule (Winter Solstice): This day is the shortest of the year, and the longest night. This usually starts on the 20th to 23rd of December. Yuletide lasts for 12 days hence the "Twelve Days of Christmas". Yule is traditionally celebrated by fire, since it is a solar festival, which is done in the form of burning the previous year’s Yule log. The colours of the season are red and green; activities include decorating the Yule tree and exchanging gifts with loved ones. It's customary to keep a piece of the Yule tree and use it in the next year's burning. This piece is kept throughout the year to protect the home. Imbolc: Typically falls on the 1st February. This Sabbat marks the time to welcome the spring. It's a time to celebrate fertility and the things that are yet to be born. It's customary to light white and lavender candles in honour of this holiday. Ostara (Spring Equinox): This Sabbat occurs in mid-March when night and day are of equal length. It's a celebration of balance, not really winter and almost spring. The traditional symbol of this holiday is the rabbit. Some traditional activities include colouring eggs and placing them on your altar as magickal talismans, and blessing plant seeds for future growth. Beltane (May Day): This Sabbat falls on the 1st May, and is the last of the three spring fertility festivals, and is when people, plants, and animals prepare for the warm months ahead. The traditional symbol for this holiday is the Maypole. Some people burn a wicker man as an offering for a fruitful harvest. Midsummer (Summer Solstice): This day marks the longest day of the year and is a time to commune with forest sprites and faeries. This Sabbat represents passion and success. A common tradition is to make a wreath of red (sexuality), and yellow (prosperity) feathers to hang on your door. Lammas (Lughnasadh): This Sabbat is the first of the three harvest festivals and falls on the 1st August. It represents the beginning of the harvest cycle and rests on the early grain harvest as well as those fruits and vegetables that are ready to be taken. Mabon (Autumn Equinox): This is the second harvest festival, falling towards the end of September, which is associated with corn and other harvested foods. Colours of this season include: brown, orange, gold, and red.  Esbats and Moon Phases As Sabbats are held as celebrations, with revelry and fun, the Esbats are the magickal working days. These special times are when energies are raised and sent out for special purpose, such as healing, success, for a positive project, personal growth, or banishment of negativity (such as a bad habit). Most often, the magickal work is done during a Full Moon, however work can be done on the new and dark moons as well. Traditionally, if you are trying to bring something towards you, you work your magick when the moon is Waxing, or growing, from New to Full. If you are attempting to move something away from you, you work your magick when the moon is Waning, or decreasing, from Full to New. However, the three days before and the three days after the Full Moon can be used for any purpose. On occasion, an Esbat will fall on the same day as a Sabbat. When this occurs the Esbat (work) is first observed, and then the Sabbat is celebrated. Moon Phases Depending on your magickal workings, you should aim to work in harmony with the cycles of the moon to achieve the most effective results. The four phases of the moon are the New, Waxing, Full and Waning. Full Moon: This is when the Moon has reached its full capacity in the sky. This is a time when the Moon is at its most powerful, and the magick most potent. Performing any positive spell at this time will achieve good results. This is the ideal time for healing, guidance, completion, and psychic ability spells. Waning Moon: It is when the Moon is decreasing in size. Now is the time to perform spells that involve reversing spells, banishing and releases. The casting out of the old ways, banishing old habits, smoking, eating habits, the removal of troubles and worries. New Moon: The New Moon is when there is no Moon in the sky. Spells for the New Moon can be performed three days before and after the actual New Moon. These spells symbolize changes in your life. Waxing Moon: When the Moon is waxing and growing. Spells to be performed during this time include positive change, luck, love, and growth. Full Moon Names The Full Moon of each month has a special name, which may vary from tradition to tradition and culture to culture. Although the God and Goddess are present in both the Sabbats and Esbats, it is generally felt that the Sabbats are held in honour of the God and the course of the Sun, while the Esbats are held in honour of the Goddess and the Phases of the Moon. The moon names below are symbolic of the English months and fitting with the Green Witch ways.  January: Snow Moon. The surface of the earth is frozen and barren. Food is scarce, and many of the people are starving. It is the leanest time of the year. Candle colour for this moon is deep purple, symbolic of the harsh, bitter cold of winter.  February: Ice Moon. The last of winter's harsh storms pass. Nature begins to stir and awaken from the long sleep. Hope and promise arise as the sun rises earlier and longer. Candle colour for this moon is blue, symbolic of the warming of the ice, yet still very cold.  March: Chaste Moon. The herald of the return of light and life, youth, and spring. The earth is cleansed with the rains of spring. The wandering herds return. Candle colour for this moon is white, symbolic of purity, and cleansing.  April: Seed Moon. The time to start planting. Buds appear with the promise of a green earth. Winter coats of animals are shed with the arrival of warm weather. Candle colour for this moon is pale green, symbolic of the new shoots and buds of spring.  May: Hare Moon. Mating season has arrived. Animals and people enjoy the warm freedom. Flowers are abundant. People gather their strength from the hardship of winter. Candle colour for this moon is pink, symbolic of the emotion of love and lust, instinctive of all animals, including humans.  June: Dyad Moon. All is now in balance. Traditionally this is a time for handfasting’s and weddings. It is a time to enjoy life and be at peace. Candle colour for this moon is orange, symbolic of the peak of the sun's power at this time.  July: Mead Moon. Crops are now close to their first harvest. Honey is abundant, and people make mead. A time of plenty and thanks. The power of the sun begins to decline. Candle colour for this moon is golden yellow, symbolic of the declining sun.  August: Corn Moon. Time to gather the first harvest of food and healing herbs. A time for major healing works. Candle colour for this moon is dark green, symbolic of the plants and energies of healing.  September: Barley Moon. The last harvest time. Time to begin preparations for the coming cold weather. The earth prepares itself for the long sleep. Candle colour for this moon is brown, symbolic of the fertile earth, which has provided food.  October: Blood Moon. Returns to hunting wild game for food, as the fields now lie bare. The cold weather returns. Herds are culled for winter slaughter. Candle colour for this moon is deep red, symbolic of the colour of shed blood from the herds, and of the game.  November: Storm Moon. The first of winter's snow has arrived. Nature now sleeps deep within the earth. Herald to the death of the year. Candle colour for this moon is grey; symbolic of the cloud filled skies of winter storms.  December: Oak Moon. This is the darkest time of the year. A promise of the return of the sun's light. Ice and snow have now set in. Colour for this moon is black, symbolic of the darkest time of year.  Thirteenth Moon: Blue Moon. The Blue Moon, and its importance in witchcraft, is debated among the members of the Craft community. The controversy begins with the definition of what a Blue Moon really is. The most common definition of a Blue Moon is any Full Moon that is the second Full Moon in one calendar month. This is based on an error that appeared in Sky and Telescope magazine in 1946, which stated that the second full moon in a month was a Blue Moon. This concept became popular belief and is used by many followers of witchcraft to determine when a Blue Moon is going to occur. Another definition of a Blue Moon can be found in the Farmer’s Almanac. It states that in one season there should be three Full Moons, but if there are four Full Moons in the season, then the third Full Moon is a Blue Moon. Sounds confusing until you figure out that in one season there are usually only three Full Moons.  Rites of Passage, Celebrating Life Rites of passage are rituals that mark important moments in the wheel of human life; the birth of a child, the coming of age, dedication to the craft, marriage, eldership, and the death of a loved one. Naming Naming is the term used to describe the celebration which accompanies the birth of a child. Once the child is born, and the life of the family has settled down a bit, the parents and community celebrate the Naming of the child, the act of introducing the child to the deities and the Community, and asking the Goddess, God, and Community for their protection of the child as they grow. It is not a binding of the child into Witchcraft. Witchcraft is a path of choice, and where children may be placed under the protection of the Gods, the child is allowed to choose her or his faith and path when old enough to make that decision. Naming’s can take place immediately after birth or up to a year or more later. There is no set time frame. Coming of Age Celebrations of Puberty are also Witches rites of passage. For a female, reaching puberty, she is considered a woman. Many groups have the women gather to honour the girl and let her know the responsibilities of sexual maturity. Witches are very much choice oriented. This includes the choice to not be sexually active, the choice to have an abortion, to responsibly use contraceptives, and to understand the implications of being a sexual person. Just because Witchcraft is a fertility path, it does not mean Witches engage in free sex. Quite the opposite. Personal responsibility and informed choices extend into the area of sexual activity just as much as any other area of life. The tradition of celebrating a boy's sexual maturity is less universal and not as formalised. Generally, the boy will learn about sexual responsibility, as well as celebrate his new manhood. When a child comes of age, they have the right to become a fully recognised adult member of the community and begin participating fully in rituals (if they so wish). The coming-of-age ceremonies vary from culture to culture but generally include elements of learning, initiation, and social affirmation. At this time magickal tools are often presented as gifts and they are now expected to be responsible for them. Dedication and Initiation As a Naming does not guarantee a person will become a Witch; the first step is Dedication. This is the commitment a person makes to themselves, to the Craft, to the Goddess and God, and to the community (if the dedication is within a group or coven), to learn about Witchcraft. Dedication shows a certain level of commitment yet does not confirm the full membership into a group, that, Initiation does. Each Tradition and group have their own rules, but a somewhat recognised standard in Witchcraft is that at least a year-and-a-day must pass to progress from Dedicant to Initiate. Ideally, an Initiation not only marks a stage of learning and/or achievement, but it also acknowledges, or triggers, a change within. A person's Initiation is taken when they show evidence in their life of some deep inner revelation and/or change. Initiation rituals may differ a little from tradition to tradition, but the words and ceremony are only the surface of an Initiation. The personal experience is what is important, and this cannot be understood through reading, but must be lived through and assimilated. There is no specified age at which Initiation becomes an option, though it’s usually not given to minors for legal protection. A fifteen-year-old may be fully informed and mature enough to make a choice of religious path, but the parents may not allow the person to actively pursue that interest. These restrictions can result in cutting most young people off from the possibility of Craft training, but until society takes a more benign view of Witchcraft, the restrictions will probably continue to exist. A child born into a pagan family may be allowed by their parents to be Initiated as a minor. -1- As a person learns and progresses within the Craft, there are three Initiations or Degrees available. A somewhat common phrase states, A First Degree is responsible for themselves, a Second Degree is responsible for others of their immediate coven or group, and a third Degree is responsible for the whole community. Each group and tradition have their own definitions and levels of learning and expertise for each level. The minimum period for progression for First to Second, is usually a year and a day, and for Second to Third, is usually a two years and two days. Handfasting (Marriage) Handfasting is the life passage which comes when a Witch wishes to be bonded to a partner in the eyes of the Gods. This may or may not also be a legal marriage. Witches are broader in how they view committed partnerships. Same-sex partnerships may be celebrated just as heterosexual ones are. And a few Witches participate in multiple partnerships, though this is much less common. A handfasting can be 'until death do, we part' or it can be just ‘a year and a day’. It is up to the participants. Handfasting’s are celebrated much the same way as weddings, with all the variations and styles seen in modern weddings. Witches usually hold the rite in a Circle of some sort. The couple shares their vows, and then their hands may be bound together as a symbol of their partnership. They then may 'jump the broom' together, symbolising the household they will share. Otherwise, there are few set rules. Of course, some sort of party and feast follows. Handparting (Divorce) Handparting is the ceremony Witches use to mark the life passage of divorce (or ending of a committed relationship). As handfasting is a magickal rite, so should be the ceremony of ending a relationship, which was solemnised before the Gods and Community. Often it is not possible to get both partners together for a handparting ceremony. But, when possible, the ceremony can bring closure, a concrete ending to a marriage or committed partnership. A handparting is done in a Circle, and the hands which were bound, are unbound. It can also serve to sever the emotional and magickal ties between partners, so each can go on with a life free of the other's influence. This does not mean the relationship is denied, ignored, or forgotten. Just that each person is free to go his or her own way. Sometimes there is a party and feast, sometimes not. It is usually most desirable to have the person who officiated at the handfasting officiate at the handparting also. Eldering The Craft openly and consciously honours and values those who have lived and learned and are now valuable resources for the greater Craft Community. Perhaps because Witchcraft is for the most part a chosen religion, there are currently few Elders who have gone before and had the same experiences the younger Witches have. Those who do exist and who have been in the Craft for 20 years or more are being valued. They become the wise counsellors to the active leadership. They tell the stories of the times before and what it was like for them when they were young. They share their knowledge and insight. They are honoured for their achievements and accomplishments. A ceremony of Eldering is sometimes done for those who have been around for a long time and who have gravitated to the role of Elder. Sometimes the Eldering ceremony happens at menopause for women (often called a Croning), and a similar age for men (often called Saging). Retirement used to be a good societal marker, but with the changing society, few can count on a full retirement at a set age anymore. An Eldering ceremony celebrates the individual and the individual's place in the family and community of Witchcraft. Eldering is also seen as an Initiation of sorts, though not a Degree Initiation. Eldering can mark the time when a person gives up active leadership and gains a seat around the council fires. Passing Over Death is the last life passage each of us will experience. Witches view death as a natural part of life. Often some sort of reincarnation is a part of each individual's beliefs. Some Witches choose to start working on the death passage before actual death. If a person is known to be dying, Witches will often try to visit the person, talk, and make their peace with him or her, or at least visit one last time. Hopefully, the person who is dying may not be fearful or anxious about the coming final Initiation. Witches will be sad at the coming loss, but also hopeful of a rest in the afterlife, a place where Witches go between lives. The spirits of those who have gone before are there and will greet the person upon arrival. Those who have passed away are still among us in spirit, and they can manifest themselves to the living in various ways. Many Witches have had what they consider to be concrete proof that there is life after death. The dying person will try to make peace with the world and prepare for the transition ahead. In any case, the Witches death passage hopefully starts before the actual death, so the person who is dying can take part and express his or her wishes. -2- Burial of the Dead The Witches memorial celebration is not as codified as the other life passages are. Death is a natural part of life. Witches celebrate the mystery of death each year at Samhain, so we already have a yearly mourning period set aside in one of our eight Sabbats. A Witches memorial can consist of prayers for an easy passage or a pleasant sojourn in the afterlife. In the case of a sudden death, there may have been psychic trauma for the soul of the deceased (which is one theory for the existence of ghosts). Then the person may need help to spiritually pass beyond. The group will try to aid in this with prayer and loving energy which can help the spirit on its journey to the afterlife. Because Witchcraft is a less mainstream religion, often the "Crossing Over" or funeral ceremony is held without the deceased or the family or most friends present. It is rare that a Witch can be openly mourned and buried as a Witch. Usually, the ceremony is held after the "mundane" services and burial, often in the Covenstead. Witches have little preferences regarding body disposal. Some prefer cremation, some want burial, and some express no preference, knowing their families will do what they will. The idea of special reverence for dead body is illogical to most Witches, as the true self is the soul or spirit, and body is merely the fleshly vehicle. Once dead, the essence lives on, and the body is no longer needed. No matter what time of year a Witch dies, they will be remembered at the next Samhain, for that is what Samhain is for remembrance of those who have passed on before. -3-  Elderings Croning More women in their fifties, sixties, and even seventies are forgoing all the trappings of "false youth" that have been a part of society for the last few decades. It's not uncommon to see mature women with glorious manes of silver hair, when ten years ago they might have spent a small fortune to hide the grey strands. We spend many years in the guise of the Maiden followed by a couple of decades as Mother for many of us. Why not celebrate this next phase of life? Women today are far more willing to embrace their sexuality and womanhood during the years which not too long ago were considered the time of, for lack of a better phrase, drying up. We're finally able to take back the notion that with age comes wisdom, and we're welcoming the power of our own energy. We're living longer, we're self-sufficient, and we're willing to share our knowledge and experience with others. Reclaiming the Name of Crone In ea