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# Salivary Gland Disease 1 This document appears to be a comprehensive study guide or lecture notes on diseases of the salivary glands. ## Glands of the oral cavity * **Minor Salivary Glands (SG):** Less than 10% of oral cavity glands. Found in the oral mucosa. * **Major Salivary Glands (SG):**...

# Salivary Gland Disease 1 This document appears to be a comprehensive study guide or lecture notes on diseases of the salivary glands. ## Glands of the oral cavity * **Minor Salivary Glands (SG):** Less than 10% of oral cavity glands. Found in the oral mucosa. * **Major Salivary Glands (SG):** More than 10% of oral cavity glands. Includes parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. ## Chronic Bacterial Sialadenitis * **Characteristics:** Mixed bacterial infection (mostly viscous (thick). * **Clinical presentation:** Swelling, pain, and pus discharge from the duct. * **Histological findings:** Chronic inflammation; potentially unilateral or bilateral. ## Recurrent Parotitis * **Characteristics:** Spontaneous inflammation of parotid gland mainly in children, often bilateral. * **Clinical Presentation:** Painful swelling, redness. * **Associated findings:** Pus may or may not be present. ## Sialadenitis (Sialosis) * **Characteristics:** Defect in neurosecretory function, often associated with systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, nutrition disorders). Possible symptoms include swelling, pain, and pus discharge * **Clinical Presentation:** Can be bilateral, pain may be present. * **Associated factors:** Associated with kidney failure. ## Obstructive & Traumatic Lesions * **Characteristics:** Obstructions due to stones or trauma to salivary ducts, possibly by the surrounding tissue * **Mechanism of injury:** Trauma by appliances, sharp teeth, or restorations. * **Clinical presentation:** Swelling, inflammation, obstruction. * **Typical locations:** Parotid region (near the buccal mucosa). ## Sjogren's Syndrome * **Characteristics:** Autoimmune disease affecting exocrine glands. It's often organ non specific. * **Symptoms:** Xerostomia (dry mouth), xerophthalmia (dry eyes), diminished tear production. * **Etiology:** Unknown, may be linked to autoimmune responses. * **Associated Demographics:** Often affects middle-aged females. ## Mumps * **Etiology:** Viral infection (Paramyxovirus) * **Symptoms:** Fever, malaise, painful swelling of salivary glands (often bilateral). * **Timing:** typically 7-day illness * **Complications:** Orchitis (testicular inflammation) or pancreatitis. * **Prevention:** MMR vaccination is available. ## Acute Bacterial Sialadenitis * **Characteristics:** Bacterial infection (ascending, from oral cavity). * **Etiology:** Typically secondary to staphylococcal or streptococcal infection. * **Clinical Presentation:** Rapid swelling, pus, fever, pain, and leukocytosis. ## Necrotizing Sialometaplasia (NSM) * **Characteristics:** Spontaneous necrosis of salivary gland tissue. * **Clinical Presentation:** Painless, deep ulcer around 2 cm diameter. The duration is typically 2 months. * **Important Notes:** A painless, long-lasting ulcer (2 months) should not be confused with oral cancer in the palate area. ## Sialolithiasis (Stones in Salivary Glands) * **Characteristics:** Presence of stones in salivary gland ducts. * **Frequency:** Submandibular gland > parotid gland > sublingual gland. * **Risk Factors:** Irregular duct shape, mucus gland problems. * **Clinical presentation:** Swelling, pain (especially around meal times). * **Treatments:** Palpation, radiography, contrast media (sialography), sialo-endoscopy. ## Radiation-Induced Sialadenitis * **Characteristics:** Inflammatory reaction to radiation treatment. * **Symptoms:** Xerostomia, painful swelling, within 24 hours of radiation therapy. * **Complications:** Irreversible fibrosis, squamous metaplasia leading to permanent xerostomia. ## Biopsy From Labial Minor SG (Salivary Gland) * **Purpose:** Diagnosis of conditions like Sjogren's Syndrome * **Laboratory Techniques:** Antibody screening (e.g., anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies); Salivary scintigraphy (with 99mTc pertechnetate) ## Additional Information This document contains significant information about a range of salivary gland diseases, including their clinical presentation, pathology, and potential treatment strategies. Further examination of each specific condition, including specific diagnostic criteria and treatment plans would be beneficial.