GATE 2024 Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) PDF

Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) General Aptitude (GA) Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each Q.1 If ‘→’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then the meaning of the words [simmer → seethe → smolder] is analogous to [break → raze → ________ ]. Which one of the given option...

Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) General Aptitude (GA) Q.1 – Q.5 Carry ONE mark Each Q.1 If ‘→’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then the meaning of the words [simmer → seethe → smolder] is analogous to [break → raze → ________ ]. Which one of the given options is appropriate to fill the blank? (A) obfuscate (B) obliterate (C) fracture (D) fissure Page 1 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.2 In a locality, the houses are numbered in the following way: The house-numbers on one side of a road are consecutive odd integers starting from 301, while the house-numbers on the other side of the road are consecutive even numbers starting from 302. The total number of houses is the same on both sides of the road. If the difference of the sum of the house-numbers between the two sides of the road is 27, then the number of houses on each side of the road is (A) 27 (B) 52 (C) 54 (D) 26 Q.3 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝑝 𝑞 (𝑞 −1) For positive integers 𝑝 and 𝑞 , with ≠ 1,( ) =𝑝. Then, 𝑞 𝑞 (A) 𝑞 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑞 (B) 𝑞𝑝 = 𝑝2𝑞 (C) √𝑞 = √𝑝 𝑝 𝑞 (D) √𝑞 = √𝑝 Page 2 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.4 Which one of the given options is a possible value of x in the following sequence? 3, 7, 15, x, 63, 127, 255 (A) 35 (B) 40 (C) 45 (D) 31 Q.5 On a given day, how many times will the second-hand and the minute-hand of a clock cross each other during the clock time 12:05:00 hours to 12:55:00 hours? (A) 51 (B) 49 (C) 50 (D) 55 Page 3 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.6 – Q.10 Carry TWO marks Each Q.6 In the given text, the blanks are numbered (i)−(iv). Select the best match for all the blanks. From the ancient Athenian arena to the modern Olympic stadiums, (i) (ii) athletics the potential for a spectacle. The crowd with bated breath as the Olympian artist twists his body, stretching the javelin behind him. (iii) Twelve strides in, he begins to cross-step. Six cross-steps in an abrupt (iv) stop on his left foot. As his body like a door turning on a hinge, the javelin is launched skyward at a precise angle. (A) (i) hold (ii) waits (iii) culminates (iv) pivot (B) (i) holds (ii) wait (iii) culminates (iv) pivot (C) (i) hold (ii) wait (iii) culminate (iv) pivots (D) (i) holds (ii) waits (iii) culminate (iv) pivots Page 4 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.7 Three distinct sets of indistinguishable twins are to be seated at a circular table that has 8 identical chairs. Unique seating arrangements are defined by the relative positions of the people. How many unique seating arrangements are possible such that each person is sitting next to their twin? (A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 10 (D) 28 Page 5 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.8 The chart given below compares the Installed Capacity (MW) of four power generation technologies, T1, T2, T3, and T4, and their Electricity Generation (MWh) in a time of 1000 hours (h). Installed Capacity Electricity Generation 14000 70 13000 65 12000 60 Electricity Generation (MWh) 11000 55 Installed Capacity (MW) 10000 50 9000 45 8000 40 7000 35 6000 30 5000 25 4000 20 3000 15 2000 10 1000 5 0 0 T1 T2 T3 T4 Power Generation Technology The Capacity Factor of a power generation technology is: Electricity Generation (MWh) Capacity Factor = Installed Capacity (MW) × 1000 (h) Which one of the given technologies has the highest Capacity Factor? (A) T1 (B) T2 (C) T3 (D) T4 Page 6 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.9 In the 4 × 4 array shown below, each cell of the first three columns has either a cross (X) or a number, as per the given rule. Rule: The number in a cell represents the count of crosses around its immediate neighboring cells (left, right, top, bottom, diagonals). As per this rule, the maximum number of crosses possible in the empty column is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 Page 7 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.10 During a half-moon phase, the Earth-Moon-Sun form a right triangle. If the Moon-Earth-Sun angle at this half-moon phase is measured to be 89.85°, the ratio of the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon distances is closest to (A) 328 (B) 382 (C) 238 (D) 283 Page 8 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) PART A: COMPULSORY SECTION FOR ALL CANDIDATES Q.11– Q.17 Carry ONE mark Each Q.11 The Earth’s magnetic field originates from convection in which one of the following layers? (A) Inner core (B) Outer core (C) Lithosphere (D) Asthenosphere Q.12 Which one of the following logging tools is used to measure the diameter of a borehole? (A) Sonic (B) Density (C) Neutron (D) Caliper Page 9 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.13 The given figure depicts an array used in DC resistivity surveys, where the current electrodes are denoted by C1 and C2, and potential electrodes by P1 and P2. If all the electrodes are equally spaced, then the given array corresponds to which one of the following configurations? (A) Wenner (B) Schlumberger (C) Dipole–Dipole (D) Pole–Pole Q.14 Which one of the following is an ultramafic rock? (A) Granite (B) Gabbro (C) Dunite (D) Basalt Page 10 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.15 Gold is being produced from which one of the following mines in India? (A) Baula (B) Hutti (C) Dariba (D) Jaduguda Q.16 Which of the following hydrocarbon fields is/are located in the western offshore of India? (A) Tapti (B) Lakwa (C) Ravva (D) Panna Q.17 A cylindrical sample of granite (diameter = 54.7 mm; length = 137 mm) shows a linear relationship between axial stress and axial strain under uniaxial compression up to the peak stress level at which the specimen fails. If the uniaxial compressive strength of this sample is 200 MPa and the axial strain corresponding to this peak stress is 0.005, the Young’s modulus of the sample in GPa is _______ (in integer). Page 11 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.18 – Q.26 Carry TWO marks Each Q.18 The given figure shows the ray path of a P–wave propagating through the Earth. Choose the CORRECT P–phase corresponding to the ray path. (A) PcP (B) PKP (C) PPP (D) PmP Page 12 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.19 Match the geophysical methods in Group–I with their associated physical properties in Group–II. Group–I Group–II P. Magnetic 1. Chargeability Q. Gravity 2. Electrical conductivity R. Magnetotelluric 3. Susceptibility S. Induced Polarization 4. Density (A) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1 (B) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (C) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1 (D) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3 Q.20 The number of planes of symmetry in a tetrahedron is (A) 9 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 3 Page 13 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.21 Which of the following Epochs belong(s) to the Quaternary Period? (A) Holocene (B) Pleistocene (C) Pliocene (D) Miocene Q.22 Which one or more of the following minerals shows O:Si ratio of 4:1 in its silicate structure? (A) Olivine (B) Quartz (C) Diopside (D) Albite Q.23 Which of the following rock structures is/are fold(s)? (A) Antiform (B) Horst (C) Syncline (D) Synform Page 14 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.24 Assume heat producing elements are uniformly distributed within a 16 km thick layer in the crust in a heat flow province. Given that the surface heat flow and reduced heat flow are 54 mW/m2 and 22 mW/m2, respectively, the radiogenic heat production in the given crustal layer in W/m3 is ___________ (in integer). Q.25 A confined aquifer with a uniform saturated thickness of 10 m has hydraulic conductivity of 10−2 cm/s. Considering a steady flow, the transmissivity of the aquifer in m2/day is _________________ (rounded off to one decimal place). Q.26 A current of 2 A passes through a cylindrical rod with uniform cross-sectional area of 4 m2 and resistivity of 100 Ω-m. The magnitude of the electric field (E) measured along the length of the rod in V/m is _______________ (in integer). Page 15 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) PART B1: FOR Geology CANDIDATES ONLY Q.27 – Q.44 Carry ONE mark Each Q.27 Which one of the following lineations can be observed on a foliation with an attitude 210, 40 NW? (A) 40 → 300 (B) 40 → 040 (C) 40 → 220 (D) 40 → 350 Q.28 Match the minerals in Group–I with the corresponding cleavage types in Group–II. Group–I Group–II P. Diopside 1. Cubic Q. Galena 2. Octahedral R. Calcite 3. Prismatic S. Fluorite 4. Rhombohedral (A) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1 (B) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (C) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 (D) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 Page 16 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.29 The composition of which one of the following reservoirs closely matches with that of iron meteorites? (A) Primitive Mantle (B) Earth’s Core (C) Depleted Mantle (D) Bulk Silicate Earth Q.30 Match the microstructures in Group–I with their characteristics in Group–II. Group–I Group–II P. Core–mantle 1. Radiating fibrous aggregate of K-feldspar with or without quartz Q. Decussate 2. Large strained mineral grains surrounded by fine-grained, recrystallized grains R. Spherulite 3. Inclusion trails in a porphyroblast curves into the matrix foliation by developing concave outward pattern S. Millipede 4. Randomly oriented mineral grains dominated by crystal faces, such as in sheet silicates (A) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (B) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (C) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3 (D) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1 Page 17 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.31 Which one among the following is the least abundant sedimentary rock in the stratigraphic record? (A) Sandstone (B) Limestone (C) Conglomerate (D) Shale Q.32 Which one of the following sequences of index minerals correctly represents the order of increasing metamorphic grade during regional metamorphism of siliceous dolomitic limestones? (A) Tremolite → Diopside → Talc (B) Diopside → Tremolite → Forsterite (C) Talc → Tremolite → Diopside (D) Talc → Forsterite → Tremolite Page 18 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.33 Which one among the following is the oldest horse genus? (A) Orohippus (B) Mesohippus (C) Merychippus (D) Pliohippus Q.34 The measured plate velocity is maximum (in International Terrestrial Reference Frame) at which one of the following locations on the Indian Plate? (A) Leh (B) Delhi (C) Bengaluru (D) Maldives Page 19 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.35 Which one of the following textures is called the chalcopyrite disease? (A) Chalcopyrite blebs in sphalerite (B) Sphalerite stars in chalcopyrite (C) Chalcopyrite lamellae in bornite (D) Bornite lamellae in chalcopyrite Q.36 Which one of the following is the correct arrangement of volcanics from the oldest to the youngest? (A) Bijli → Rajmahal → Malani → Deccan (B) Malani → Bijli → Deccan → Rajmahal (C) Bijli → Malani → Rajmahal → Deccan (D) Malani → Rajmahal → Bijli → Deccan Page 20 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.37 Which of the following types of deposits is/are formed by fractional crystallization of magma? (A) Komatiite hosted Ni–Cu (B) Peridotite hosted Cr (C) Leucogranite hosted U (D) Anorthosite hosted Ti–Fe Q.38 Which of the following sedimentary basins is/are producing hydrocarbon commercially? (A) Ganga (B) Krishna–Godavari (C) Kerala–Konkan (D) Cauvery Page 21 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.39 Which of the following bivalves is/are swimmers? (A) Aspergillum (B) Lima (C) Tellina (D) Pecten Q.40 Which of the following structures is/are associated with duplexes in fold–thrust belts? (A) Roof thrust (B) Floor thrust (C) Imbricate fan (D) Horses Page 22 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.41 Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT ? (A) Karst topography is formed in limestone terrains (B) Fjords are formed by aeolian activities (C) Oxbow lakes are formed in fluvial environments (D) Ventifacts are formed by glaciers Q.42 Consider the solubility product of barite (BaSO4 ) at 25 C and 1 bar to be 10−10. If the activities of Ba2+ and SO2− −5 −𝑋 4 ions are 0.5 × 10 and 10 , respectively, then the absolute value of ‘𝑋’ is ________ (rounded off to one decimal place). Q.43 The support pressure of 20 kPa is required to stabilize the loose blocks of the Excavation Disturbed Zone (EDZ) at the crown of a circular tunnel with horizontal axis. The EDZ is to be stabilized by inserting rock bolts vertically into the roof. If the working capacity of a bolt is 160 kN, the area of the roof supported by a single bolt in m2 is ____________ (in integer). Q.44 The areas of drainage basins A and B are 25 km2 and 50 km2, respectively. The total length of drainages of all orders in basin A is 20 km. If both the basins have the same drainage density, the total length of drainages of all orders in basin B in km is _____________ (in integer). Page 23 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.45 – Q.65 Carry TWO marks Each Q.45 Match the stratigraphic units in Group–I with the sedimentary basins in Group–II. Group–I Group–II P. Ramgundam Sandstone 1. Chhattisgarh Q. Raipur Formation 2. Kaladgi R. Bagalkot Group 3. Marwar S. Sonia Sandstone 4. Godavari (A) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3 (B) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (C) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1 (D) P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2 Q.46 Which one of the following openings is a type of decline in underground mines? (A) Crosscut (B) Winze (C) Spiral tunnel (D) Drift Page 24 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.47 Which one of the following optic signs is CORRECT for a mineral with the given centered optic axis figure? (A) Uniaxial positive (B) Biaxial positive (C) Uniaxial negative (D) Biaxial negative Page 25 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.48 Match the following invertebrates in Group–I with their morphological features in Group–II. Group–I Group–II P. Trilobite 1. Periproct Q. Brachiopod 2. Hypostome R. Bivalve 3. Deltidial plate S. Echinoid 4. Lunule (A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3 (B) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (C) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (D) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1 Q.49 During high-temperature metamorphism of pelites, which one of the following mineral reactions represents the second sillimanite isograd? (A) Muscovite + Quartz = Sillimanite + K-feldspar + H2 O (B) Staurolite + Quartz = Garnet + Sillimanite + H2 O (C) Staurolite + Muscovite + Quartz = Garnet + Biotite + Sillimanite + H2 O (D) Kyanite = Sillimanite Page 26 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.50 Which one of the following represents deviatoric stress in a 2D stress Mohr Circle? (A) Radius (B) Center (C) Pole (D) Diameter Q.51 In the fold profile section shown in the figure, 1 and 3 are the oldest and the youngest stratigraphic units, respectively. Which one of the following fold descriptions CORRECTLY matches the asymmetric fold shown in the given figure? (A) Antiform facing east (B) Synform facing east (C) Antiform facing west (D) Synform facing west Page 27 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q52. If ‘X’ represents the initial composition of a melt, which one of the trends indicated by arrows in the schematic diagram corresponds to the evolution of the residual melt composition during crystallization of diopside? (A) I (B) II (C) III (D) IV Page 28 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.53 Match the following copper deposits in Group–I with their host rocks in Group–II. Group–I Group–II P. Khetri 1. Chlorite–biotite schist and soda–granite Q. Mosabani 2. Garnetiferous chlorite schist R. Malanjkhand 3. Metachert S. Kalyadi 4. Tonalite–granodiorite–granite (A) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (B) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (C) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3 (D) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 Q.54 Which one of the following events represents the termination of the Wilson Cycle in Plate Tectonics? (A) Ocean–continent subduction (B) Continent–continent collision (C) Continental rifting (D) Seafloor spreading Page 29 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.55 The fraction of the incident electromagnetic energy reflected from a material is known as (A) acuity (B) albedo (C) spectral hue (D) artifact Q.56 Which of the following statements regarding ore deposits is/are CORRECT ? (A) Both replacement and exhalative ores are possible in SEDEX type deposits (B) Rampura–Agucha Pb–Zn deposit is a Mississippi Valley Type deposit (C) Orogenic gold deposit is an epigenetic type deposit (D) Fluid boiling in the early stage of magmatic crystallization is responsible for Cu– (Mo) deposits Page 30 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.57 Which of the following sedimentary structures is/are found in intertidal deposits? (A) Ladder-back ripple (B) Rain print (C) Double mud drape (D) Mud-crack Q.58 Which of the following materials is/are used for estimation of hydrocarbon source rock maturation based on color? (A) Conodont (B) Illite (C) Spore (D) Zircon Page 31 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.59 Which of the following schist belts occur(s) to the east of the Closepet Granite in southern India? (A) Shimoga (B) Kolar (C) Bababudan (D) Hutti Page 32 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.60 The diagram given below shows phase relations between components P and Q at 1 bar pressure. If ‘X’ represents the initial liquid composition, which of the following statements is/are CORRECT during equilibrium crystallization? (A) Initial liquid composition is 60 wt.% of P and 40 wt.% of Q (B) The composition of the solid in equilibrium with the liquid at ‘Y’ is 10 wt.% of P and 90 wt.% of Q (C) The bulk composition of the final solid product is 40 wt.% of P and 60 wt.% of Q (D) The proportion (on the basis of wt.%) of two phases, MSS : NSS is 1 : 2 at 750 C Page 33 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.61 Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT for the M-plane of any fault? (A) M-plane pole of a fault is located on the fault plane (B) M-plane pole of a fault is perpendicular to the slickenline on the fault plane (C) M-plane pole of a fault is parallel to the slickenline on the fault plane (D) M-plane pole of a fault is perpendicular to the pole to the fault plane Q.62 Which of the following microfossils is/are foraminifera? (A) Miliammina (B) Triceratium (C) Cibicides (D) Guembelitria Q.63 The in situ stress at a point in a dry sandstone terrain is as follows: 1 = 12 MPa and 3 = 4 MPa. The pore water pressure (𝑝𝑤 ) increases by the construction of a reservoir. The failure criterion of the sandstone is given by 1′ = 3.48 MPa + 33′ , where 1′ and 3′ are the effective maximum and minimum principal stresses, respectively. Assuming that the failure occurs at peak stress, the minimum value of 𝑝𝑤 (in MPa) that will cause the sandstone to fail in situ is __________ (rounded off to two decimal places). Page 34 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru  Geology & Geophysics - Geology (GG1) Q.64 If the Rb-Sr isochron formed by a suite of gabbro samples has a slope of 0.0265, then the calculated age of the gabbro in million years is _________ (in integer). 87 [Use λ( Rb) = 1.42 × 10−11 year −1 ] Q.65 A soil mass comprises two horizontal layers (of equal thickness and equal width) stacked one above the other. The hydraulic conductivities of the two layers are 5 × 10−2 cm/s and 3 × 10−2 cm/s. Considering Darcian flow of water and same hydraulic gradient for both the layers, the effective hydraulic conductivity of the soil mass in cm/s is ___________ (rounded off to two decimal places). Page 35 of 35 Organizing Institute: IISc Bengaluru