Lecture 1: Space Science and Technology PDF
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Umm Al Quwain University
Dr. Ali M. Al-Saegh
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Summary
This lecture provides an overview of space science and technology. It covers the study of celestial objects, space tools, and techniques developed for space exploration. The lecture includes information on historical observations and the development of rocket technology, as well as key milestones in space exploration such as Sputnik 1, Yuri Gagarin's journey, and the International Space Station.
Full Transcript
# Lecture 1 - Space Science and Technology This lecture is presented by Dr. Ali M. Al-Saegh ## Definitions - **Space Science:** The study of everything beyond Earth's atmosphere, including planets, stars, galaxies, and cosmic phenomena. - **Space Technology:** Refers to the tools, systems, and te...
# Lecture 1 - Space Science and Technology This lecture is presented by Dr. Ali M. Al-Saegh ## Definitions - **Space Science:** The study of everything beyond Earth's atmosphere, including planets, stars, galaxies, and cosmic phenomena. - **Space Technology:** Refers to the tools, systems, and techniques developed for space utilization and exploration. ## Space Technologies Space technologies include: - Satellite communications - Space probes - Telescopes - Rocket propulsion - Life-support systems for astronauts ## Importance of Space Technology Space Technology plays a crucial role in developing capabilities like: - Earth observation - Climate monitoring - GPS - Telecommunications ## Where Does Space Begin? The atmosphere gradually thins with increasing altitude, so there is no real boundary between Earth's upper atmosphere and space. The most widely accepted altitude where space begins is 100 kilometers, which is known as the Kármán line. - Below 100 kilometers is the atmosphere. - Above 100 kilometers is space. ### Atmosphere Layers #### Troposphere - Altitude: 20 km #### Stratosphere - Altitude: 50 km #### Mesosphere - Altitude: 85 km #### Thermosphere - Altitude: 690 km #### Exosphere - Altitude: 10,000 km ## Early Observations and Rocketry Foundations ### Ancient Astronomy Early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese developed detailed observations of stars and planets. This laid the groundwork for understanding celestial movements. ### Rocket Development - In the 13th century, the Chinese invented the first true rockets using gunpowder. - These rockets became the foundation for modern rocket technology, which was further developed in the early 20th century by pioneers like Robert Goddard (USA), Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (Russia), and Hermann Oberth (Germany). ## Early Space Technologies - **1957 - Sputnik 1:** The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. - **1961 - Yuri Gagarin:** The first human to journey into space and orbit Earth, aboard Vostok 1 (USSR). - **1969 - Neil Armstrong:** The first astronaut to land on the moon through the Apollo 11 mission. - **2000 - International Space Station (ISS):** The International Space Station is a collaboration between: - NASA (USA) - Roscosmos (Russia) - ESA (Europe) - JAXA (Japan) - CSA (Canada) - Some contractors of space agencies.
