Engineering Science 011 (Materials Science and Engineering) - Cagayan State University PDF

Cagayan State University – Carig Campus College of Engineering and Architecture Department of Electrical Engineering First Semester S.Y. 2024-2025 Engineering Science 011 (MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING) Engr. Raymond H. Lallabban...

Cagayan State University – Carig Campus College of Engineering and Architecture Department of Electrical Engineering First Semester S.Y. 2024-2025 Engineering Science 011 (MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING) Engr. Raymond H. Lallabban Subject Instructor Email address: [email protected] Mobile/Viber Number: 0917-771-9039 Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 What is Material Science? Classification of Materials by State Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING  What is Material Science? Classification of Materials by Atomic Structure Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 What is Material Science? Classification of Materials by Morphological Structure Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 What is Material Science? Interrelationships between Classes of Materials Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Materials Science and Materials Engineering Materials Science Materials Science and Engineering Materials Engineering involves investigating the Resultant knowledge on the basis of the structure– relationships that exist of the structure, property correlations, between the structures designing or engineering properties, and properties of the structure of a material materials (i.e., why processing, to produce a predetermined materials have their performance of set of properties properties) engineering materials ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Why study Materials Science and Materials Engineering because things engineers design are made of materials o To be able to select a material for a given use based on considerations of cost and performance. o To understand the limits of materials and the change of their properties with use. o To be able to create a new material that will have some desirable properties. ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering Three criteria that is important in the material selection process 1. The in-service condition must be characterized, for these will dictate the properties required of the material ex. Normally, a material having high strength will have a limited ductility Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering Three criteria that is important in the material selection process 2. the deterioration of material properties that may occur during service operation. ex. Significant reduction in mechanical strength may result from exposure to elevated temperatures of corrosive environment Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering Three criteria that is important in the material selection process 3. The cost of a finished piece ex. A material may be found that has the ideal set of properties but is prohibitively expensive Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 The Scale of Things Terminology Micrometer = 1/1,000,000 m = 1μm Angstrom (Å) = 1/10,000,000,000 m FYI A 1 micron wide line on a CD is the same scale as a 100 foot wide road in North America. A hair strand is 100 micrometers. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 The Materials Selection Process 1. Pick Application - Determine required Properties relate deformation to an applied load or force; examples (elastic modulus Mechanical properties (stiffness), strength, and resistance to fracture) Electrical properties the stimulus is an applied electric field; typical properties include electrical conductivity and dielectric constant. related to changes in temperature or temperature gradients across a material; Thermal properties examples of thermal behavior include thermal expansion and heat capacity Magnetic properties responses of a material to the application of a magnetic field; common magnetic properties include magnetic susceptibility and magnetization Optical properties stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties relate to the chemical reactivity of materials; for example, corrosion resistance of Deteriorative characteristics metals. ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Materials Selection Process Four components that are involved in the design, production, and utilization of materials Selection Process Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Processing of a Material The structure of a material will depend on how it is processed. Means that the different ways for shaping materials into useful components or changing their properties. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Structure of a Material Involves the arrangement of its internal components 1. Sub-atomic Structure Involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. 2. Atomic Structure Encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 3. Microscopic Structure Contains large group of atoms that are normally Involves the agglomerated (to collect or arrangement gather into a cluster or mass) of its internal together and is subject to direct observation using some components type of microscope. 4. Macroscopic Structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Material trait in terms of the Property of kind of magnitude of response to a specific a Material imposed stimulus. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Mechanical Properties e.g. stiffness, strength, ductility, hardness, toughness, etc. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Physical Properties e.g. density, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Chemical Properties e.g. corrosion resistance in various environments. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Manufacturing Properties e.g. formability, machinability, ease of joining, etc. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Property of a Material Mechanical Property Relates to deformation due to an applied load or force. Ex. Elastic modulus (stiffness), strength, toughness Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Property of a Material Electrical property The stimulus is an electric field. Ex. Electrical conductivity, dielectric constant Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Property of a Material Electrical resistivity of copper Electrical resistivity vs the temperature for copper and three copper-nickel alloys. Adding “impurities” to copper increases resistivity. Deforming copper increases resistivity. Image courtesy of 8th Callister, figure 18.8, p757. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING  Property of a Material Thermal property The heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the Material. Ex. Heat insulator, heat conductor Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 THERMAL Space Shuttle Tiles: Thermal Conductivity of Copper: Silica fiber insulation offers low heat It decreases when you add conduction. zinc! Fig. 19.0, Callister 6e. Adapted from (Courtesy of Lockheed Fig. 19.4W, Callister 6e. (Courtesy of Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 6e. Missiles and Space Lockheed Aerospace Ceramics (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook: Company, Inc.) Systems, Sunnyvale, CA) Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys (Note: "W" denotes fig. is on CD-ROM.) and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals, 1979, p. 315.) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Property of a Material Magnetic property The response of a material to the application of a magnetic field Magnetic storage – recording medium is magnetize by recording head Figure 20.18. Callister. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 MAGNETIC Magnetic Storage Magnetic Permeability vs. Composition: Recording medium is magnetized Adding 3 atomic % Si makes Fe a better recording by recording head. medium! Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of Fig. 20.18, Callister 6e. Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9, (Fig. 20.18 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin, 1973. Electronically reproduced Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.) by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Optical property The stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation Ex. Index of refraction, reflectivity Transmittance Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent or opaque depending on the material structure Engineers make plastic conductive while also making it more transparent Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 OPTICAL Transmittance ratio of the transmitted radiant flux to the incident radiant flux in a medium Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on the material structure. polycrystal: polycrystal: single crystal low porosity high porosity Adapted from Fig. 1.2, Callister 6e.(Specimen preparation, P.A. Lessing; photo by J. Telford.) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Deteriorative property Chemical activity of a material ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 DETERIORATIVE Stress & Saltwater... Heat treatment: slows Material: 7150-T651 Al --causes cracks! crack speed in salt water! "alloy“ (Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr) 4m Adapted from Fig. 11.24, Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and Callister 6e. (Fig. 11.24 provided Adapted from Fig. 17.0, Callister 6e. Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, courtesy of G.H. (Fig. 17.0 is from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.) Speidel, Brown Boveri Co.) Commercial Airplane Company.) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Performance of a material A material’s performance will be a function of its properties All have the same material, aluminum oxide. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Processing Each material was produced using a different processing technique Performance of a material Structure Different in terms of crystal boundaries and pores which affect the optical transmittance properties Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Performance of a Material (OPTICAL) PROPERTIES 1. Transparent Composed of a single crystal, high degree of perfection, cause of transparency 2. Translucent – Low Porosity Composed of numerous and very small single crystals that are all interconnected. The boundaries between these small crystals scatter a portion of the light reflected on the printed page, making the material translucent 3. Opaque – High Porosity Composed of not only of numerous small, interconnected crystals, but of large quantity of small pores or void spaces. These pores are effective in scattering the reflected light and render the material opaque. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Critical Materials for Green Energy Technologies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHtzIqxgD3Y ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Classification of Materials Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Classification of Materials Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Metals Composed of one or more metallic elements (iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, gold and nickel) and often also non-metallic elements (carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) in relatively small amounts. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Metals Atomically, Valence electrons are detached from atoms, and spread in an 'electron sea' that "glues" the ions together. Atoms in metals and their alloys are arranged in a very orderly manner and are densely packed (compared with ceramics and polymers). Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Metals Metals are: stiff and strong ductile – capable of large amounts of deformation without fracture resistant to fracture – mainly used in structural applications good conductors of electricity, flux and heat not transparent to light shiny if polished medium to high melting points Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Ferrous Metals Do contain Iron Magnetic Promote corrosion Cast iron, Wrought iron, Iron alloys, High Carbon Steels, Stainless steel Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Non Ferrous Metals Do not contain Iron Non Magnetic Prevents corrosion Aluminum, Magnesium, Titanium, Gold, Copper alloys, Bronze, Brass Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Metals Metal alloy – metallic that is composed of two or more elements Common objects that are made of metals and metal alloys: Ex: Silverware, scissors, coins, gears, rings, nuts and bolts etc. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Ceramics Compounds between metallic and non-metallic elements, but mostly composed of oxides, nitrides and carbides. Atoms behave like either positive or negative ions, and are bound by coulombic forces. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Ceramics are: stiff and strong – stiffness and strength are comparable to metals hard but brittle, so susceptible to fracture low density good insulators of electricity and heat highly resistant to extreme temperature and harsh environments high melting points ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Traditional Ceramics Clay products, pottery, bricks, concrete, pipe, tiles White wears, Porcelain, bone china, crockery, sanitary wear Silica and silicates, Feldspar, quartz, blown glass Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Advanced Ceramics Alumina, Insulating plugs, resistors, microchip, optical fiber Zirconia, Dental bridge, automobile engines, rocket nose Silicon carbide, silicon nitride, refractory materials, furnace Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Crystalline ceramics (a) and non-crystalline glasses (b) yields inherently different properties for different applications. (Solid dots represents metal atoms, open circles are non- metallic atoms) Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Examples of glass. The glass can be made transparent, translucent or opaque depending on the material structure. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Glass can also structured to resist thermal or physical shock Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Examples: Aluminum Oxide (or alumina, Al2O3 – used as filler for plastics, in cosmetics, as industrial catalyst, as abrasives, in paints etc); Silicon dioxide (or silica, SiO2 – used in glass); Silicon carbide (SiC); Silicon nitride (Si3N4); Traditional ceramics (those composed of clay materials like porcelain); Cement, glass etc Common objects that are made of ceramic materials: China, brick, floor tile, glass vase Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Polymers Most of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen and other non-metallic elements (i.e. Oxygen, Nitrogen and Silicon). They have large molecular structures, in chain-like nature, that often have a backbone of carbon atoms. Polymers are bound by covalent forces and also by weak van der Waals forces, and usually based on carbon and hydrogen, they decompose at moderate temperatures, around 100 C - 400 C. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Polymers stiff and strong – per mass basis are comparable to metals and ceramics lightweight weak ductile and pliable – can easily be formed into different shapes low electrical conductivity and nonmagnetic prone to soften and decompose at modest temperatures low melting point Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Polymers Examples: Polyethylene (PE) – most common plastic. Used in packaging and bottles Nylon – a thermoplastic. Have numerous uses Poly-vinyl Chloride (PVC) – used in construction. Used also in clothing and upholstery Polycarbonate (PC) – also under the thermoplastic group. Used as phone housing, in electronic components, construction etc. Polystyrene (PS) – used as protective packaging and containers Silicon rubber Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Polymers ◼ Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE/1) ◼ High-density polyethylene (HDPE/2) ◼ Polyvinyl chloride (PVC/3) ◼ Low-density polyethylene (LDPE/4) ◼ Polypropylene (PP/5) ◼ Polystyrene (PS/6) ◼ Other multilayered plastic materials (7) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Thermoplastic Can be reformed by heat Nylon, Acrylic, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, PVC, Teflon Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Thermoset Plastic Once formed cannot be reformed Epoxy Resins, Polyesters Resins, Polyurethanes, Bakelite, Melamine Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Elastomers Elastic in Nature Natural rubber, Polybutadiene rubber, Butyl rubber, Neoprene Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Composites Composed of two or more individual elements, which come from metals, ceramics, and polymers. Design goals of composites are: 1. To achieve a combination of properties that is not displayed by any single material 2. To incorporate the best characteristics of each of the component materials Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Composites Composite types can be from any combination of metals, ceramics and polymers. Some naturally occurring composite materials are wood and bones. Products are usually strong yet ductile, of low density, can be made as insulators or conductors. Made from two or more materials to attain required properties Fiber + Matrix = Composite Material Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Composites Common objects that are composites: Fiberglass / Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite Small glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material (normally an epoxy or polyester) Relatively stiff, strong and flexible, low density Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Composites Common objects that are composites: Fiberglass / Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite Small glass fibers are embedded within a polymeric material (normally an epoxy or polyester) Relatively stiff, strong and flexible, low density Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Composites Common objects that are composites: Fiberglass / Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite Advantages of fiberglass: 1. wont dent, rust, rot or split and 2. more energy efficient than wood Applications includes: Boat hulls, automobile fenders and body, container tanks. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Composites Common objects that are composites: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite Carbon fibers that are embedded within a polymer Stiffer and stronger than glass fiber-reinforced materials, but more expensive Used in aircraft and aerospace applications, high tech sporting equipment, automobile bumpers Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Comparison table of Bar chart of room temperature density values for the different materials various metals, ceramics, polymers and composites with different characteristics Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Comparison table of the different materials Bar chart of room temperature stiffness (i.e. elastic modulus) values for various metals, ceramics, polymers with different and composite materials. characteristics Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Comparison table of the different materials Bar chart of room temperature strength (i.e. tensile strength) values for various metals, ceramics, polymers with different and composite materials. characteristics Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Comparison table of the different materials Bar chart of room temperature resistance to fracture (i.e. fracture toughness) values for various metals, with different ceramics, polymers and composite materials. characteristics Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Comparison table of the different materials Bar chart of room temperature electrical conductivity ranges values for various metals, ceramics, polymers with different and composite materials. characteristics Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Fibers ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Matrices Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Advanced Materials Materials used in high-technology applications. These include advancements in computer technology, fiber- optic systems, spacecrafts, military hardware etc. These materials are commonly traditional materials that have enhanced properties. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Semi-Conductors These materials have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors (metals and metal alloys) and insulators (ceramics and polymers) The electrical characteristics of these materials are extremely sensitive to the minute concentrations of impurity atoms – these concentrations may be controlled over very small spatial regions. ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Smart (intelligent) Materials A group of new and state-of-the-art materials now being developed that will have a significant influence on many of our technologies The adjective smart implies that these materials are able to sense changes in their environment and then respond to these changes in predetermined manners Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Piezoelectric materials are materials that produce a voltage when stress is applied. Since this effect also applies in a reverse manner, a voltage across the sample will produce stress within sample. Suitably designed structures made from these materials can, therefore, be made that bend, expand or contract when a voltage is applied. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBdzN0FljCY Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Shape-memory alloys and shape-memory polymers are materials in which large deformation can be induced and recovered through temperature changes or stress changes (pseudoelasticity). The shape memory effect results due to respectively martensitic phase change and induced elasticity at higher temperatures. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3S-BmEniN4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3S-BmEniN4 Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Photovoltaic materials or optoelectronics convert light to electrical current. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PROhNDen3nk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PROhNDen3nk Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Electroactive polymers (EAPs) change their volume by voltage or electric fields. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1jkAQ-pBpU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1jkAQ-pBpU Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Magnetostrictive materials exhibit a change in shape under the influence of magnetic field and also exhibit a change in their magnetization under the influence of mechanical stress. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znDvqM2LmmA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znDvqM2LmmA Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Magnetic shape memory alloys are materials that change their shape in response to a significant change in the magnetic field. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uORArjZll5A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uORArjZll5A Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Smart inorganic polymers showing tunable and responsive properties. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erN2D28uqTU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erN2D28uqTU Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 pH-sensitive polymers are materials that change in volume when the pH of the surrounding medium changes. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Temperature-responsive polymers are materials which undergo changes upon temperature. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcjZSxM5ZlEq https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcjZSxM5ZlEq Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Halochromic materials are commonly used materials that change their color as a result of changing acidity. One suggested application is for paints that can change color to indicate corrosion in the metal underneath them. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Chromogenic systems change color in response to electrical, optical or thermal changes. These include electrochromic materials, which change their colour or opacity on the application of a voltage (e.g., liquid crystal displays), thermochromic materials change in colour depending on their temperature, and photochromic materials, which change colour in response to light—for example, light- sensitive sunglasses that darken when exposed to bright sunlight. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Ferrofluids are magnetic fluids (affected by magnets and magnetic fields). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFOv6_L5C-k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFOv6_L5C-k Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Photomechanical materials change shape under exposure to light. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyn5o1fJu-U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyn5o1fJu-U Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Polycaprolactone (polymorph) can be molded by immersion in hot water. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhVuc6RNyaw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhVuc6RNyaw Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Self-healing materials have the intrinsic ability to repair damage due to normal usage, thus expanding the material's lifetime. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fka0wfY8w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fka0wfY8w ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are smart material systems which produce large strains (up to 500%) under the influence of an external electric field. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSfkLa71WY0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSfkLa71WY0 Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Magnetocaloric materials are compounds that undergo a reversible change in temperature upon exposure to a changing magnetic field. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GS5HFvqefnc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GS5HFvqefnc Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Smart self-healing coatings heal without human intervention Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Thermoelectric materials are used to build devices that convert temperature differences into electricity and vice versa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhynSkFlJOs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhynSkFlJOs Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Chemoresponsive materials change size or volume under the influence of external chemical or biological compound. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 The field of Advanced Materials Processes includes engineered polymers and resins, advanced fibres (such as carbon, Kevlar and sapphire), metal matrix composites, structural ceramics, ceramic composites, other types of composites, high temperature alloy, specialty adhesive, specialty chemicals, powder metals, thin films, surface engineering and nanotechnology. Courtesy: PPT Presentation of Engr. Joseph Benedict N. Prim, (University of Sto. Tomas) ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 Any questions so far? ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Cagayan State University – College of Engineering and Architecture S.Y. 2024-2025 References: 123rf https://www.123rf.com/photo_63047815_stock-illustration-spiral-dna-covered-grass-3d- Materials Science and Engineering – an Introduction illustration-for-design-eco-concept-.html MSC Direct https://www.mscdirect.com/betterMRO/metalworking/cutting-titanium-and-hrsa-metals- Amazon https://www.amazon.in/Joyalukkas-ELSD00053-Loose-Diamond/dp/B016PZE91Y machinability-coolants-and-beyond Aquaread https://www.aquaread.com/need-help/ec/ Puthoff Research Group https://www.cpp.edu/~jbputhoff/history.html Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/native-element Rated Local Electrician https://www.ratedlocalelectrician.com/statuses/term/rewire Classification of Materials - Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, Composites, Learn Earn Gain Burn Science Struck https://sciencestruck.com/strongest-metal-in-world https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSPfe77LIGw TCEA https://blog.tcea.org/science-apps/ CleanPNG https://www.cleanpng.com/png-symbol-science-atom-chemistry-clip-art-png-free-at- 693553/preview.html Tech Explorist https://www.techexplorist.com/researchers-make-plastic-flexible-transparent- conductor/33544/ Envato Market https://videohive.net/item/chemical-lab/25797765 The Conversation https://theconversation.com/celebrating-the-150th-anniversary-of-heliums- European Patent Office https://www.epo.org/news-events/in-focus/materials.html discovery-why-we-need-it-more-than-ever-100722 Fast Company https://www.fastcompany.com/90452189/ceramics-get-a-futuristic-makeover ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/metals-versus-nonmetals-608809 Formlabs https://formlabs.com/eu/blog/choosing-prototyping-material-mechanical-properties/ TTS Group https://www.tts-group.co.uk/blog/2016/06/02/stone-age-tools-lesson-ideas.html Free Vector https://www.freevector.com/free-science-vector-20178 U.S. Department of Energy, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Geologyin http://www.geologyin.com/2014/11/crystal-structure-and-crystal-system.html Udemy https://www.udemy.com/course/polymers/ Good Housekeeping https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/a20705861/kinds-of-wood-not-to- William D. Callister, Jr. and David G. Rethwisch burn/ Your Dictionary https://examples.yourdictionary.com/basic-difference-between-physical-and- Interesting Engineering https://interestingengineering.com/berkeley-engineers-develop-a-new- chemical-properties.html system-that-converts-waste-heat-from-electronics-to-energy Legit https://www.legit.ng/1141264-10-uses-metals-daily-life.html ES 011_MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING