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# Chapter 12.4 - U.S. History - Indian Wars/Shattered Culture The railroad threatened the existence of American Indians, disrupting their way of life by cutting through their hunting grounds. The conflict for survival is known as the Indian Wars. **Clash of Cultures on the Great Plains** * Settl...

# Chapter 12.4 - U.S. History - Indian Wars/Shattered Culture The railroad threatened the existence of American Indians, disrupting their way of life by cutting through their hunting grounds. The conflict for survival is known as the Indian Wars. **Clash of Cultures on the Great Plains** * Settlers, moving west, viewed Indians as an obstacle to progress and industry. * Indians, in response, attacked settlers and buffalo, particularly in Colorado where around 150 women and children were killed. * The federal government tried to confine western tribes to reservations but often failed to protect their land. **U.S. Cavalry Attacks Native American Tribes** * U.S. Calvary, led by General George Armstrong Custer, attacked an Indian force near the Little Bighorn River in Montana, led by Chief Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. * Custer's troops were wiped out. * Thousands of Sioux warriors were captured. **Adaptation and Effort to Assimilate American Indians** * Settlement of the West had a terrible impact on American Indians, resulting in death from violence, disease, and poverty. * The U.S. government tried to assimilate American Indians adopting a policy of assimilation. * Boarding schools were set up. * The Dawes Act was enacted in 1887, which removed tribal ownership of reservation land. * Tribes were no longer able to own their land collectively; instead, individual ownership was established.