Blood Pressure Part 2 PDF

Blood pressure part 2 By/ Dr/ Rasha Mohamed  Homodynamic Effects on Blood Pressure Increased blood pressure due to Increased cardiac output. Increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased blood volume. Increased viscosity. Decreased arterial elasticity  Decreased blood pressure du...

Blood pressure part 2 By/ Dr/ Rasha Mohamed  Homodynamic Effects on Blood Pressure Increased blood pressure due to Increased cardiac output. Increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased blood volume. Increased viscosity. Decreased arterial elasticity  Decreased blood pressure due to Decreased cardiac output. Decreased peripheral vascular resistance. Decreased blood volume. Decreased blood viscosity. *Increased arterial elasticity  Factors influencing blood pressure: Age Stress Gender Race Daily variations Activity ,Medications +Age TAge 1BP Age Arterial pressure(mm Hg) Newborn (3000g) 40 (mean) " Imonth 85/54 Tyear 95/65 " 6 years 105/65 10-13 years 110/65 " 14-17 yeas 120/75 Middle adult 120780 "0 lder adult 140-16080-90 Stress Anxiety, fear and pain can initially increase blood pressure because of increased heart rate, increased cardiac output, and increased peripheral vascular resistance. Gender There is no clinically significant difference in blood pressure levels between boys and girls. After puberty, males have higher readings. With menopause, women tend to have higher levels of blood pressure than men of the samne age. Race * The incidence of hypertension is greater in blacks than whites because of genetic and environmental influences. Daily variation Variation may include a lower blood pressure during sleep, highest in the afternoon, a fall in the evening, and a rise beginning at 4 to 6 AM.  Medications Some medications directly or indirectly affect BP. Antihypertensive medications including diuretics, vasodilator, B-adrenergic blockers..etc. lower blood pressure. Narcotic analgesics can lower BP. Vasoconstrictors and intravenous f uids such as normal saline can increase blood pressure..Activity * Older adults often experience a 5 to 1o mm Hg fall in blood pressure about 1 hour after eating. Blood pressure can be reduced for several hours after a period ofvigorous exercise. hank you.