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# Research Methodology and Design ## Types of Quasi-experimental Designs There are at least three popular quasi-experimental designs: * Non-equivalent control group design * Cohort design * Time series design ### a. Non-equivalent Control Group Before and After Design This design is similar to t...

# Research Methodology and Design ## Types of Quasi-experimental Designs There are at least three popular quasi-experimental designs: * Non-equivalent control group design * Cohort design * Time series design ### a. Non-equivalent Control Group Before and After Design This design is similar to the Pretest-Posttest Control Group design, except that randomization is not used. It involves observing two or more groups before and after a treatment. Comparison groups are used which have similar characteristics to the experimental group. If possible, the group receiving the treatment should be randomly selected. **Example:** A study on the "Effects of Primary nursing on staff nurses satisfaction". In this example, data on staff satisfaction was gathered before implementing primary nursing (pre-test), and again after implementation (post-test). Data was collected from hospital A, where primary nursing was implemented, and compared with hospital B, which did not use primary nursing. ### b. Cohort design In this design, a comparison group is chosen that has similar characteristics to the experimental group. The strength of this design relies on how similar the groups are in key characteristics such as age, gender/sex, educational level, and prior experience. **Example:** A researcher studying the effects of a new curriculum on nursing students could use a previous group of students who took the old curriculum to compare with the new group. Cohort studies examine patterns of change, sequence of events, growth, or trends over time. The researcher uses this approach to identify patterns.